Sir HONG Chemistry Group 4541/2

Seminar Kimia SPM

Kimia Kertas 2
4541/2
Prepared By
Sir HONG BOON LIANG
Guru Cemerlang (Kimia) DG44
SMK Seri Gombak,
Taman Greenwood,
68100 Batu Caves, Selangor

http://www.facebook.com/Sir HONG Chemistry Group

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CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula bagi 4 jenis gas yang terbebas semasa letusan gunung berapi.
Diagram 1 shows the formulae of 4 types of gases released during the eruption of volcano.

N2 CO2 H2S H2O

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Nyatakan maksud ‘jisim molar’ bagi suatu bahan dengan menggunakan satu contoh yang sesuai.
State the meaning of ‘molar mass’ of a substance by using one suitable example.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Hitung jisim molar bagi setiap gas yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, N = 14, S = 32]
Calculate the molar mass of each gas shown in Diagram 1.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, N = 14, S = 32]

[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(c) Bandingkan bilangan molekul dalam 0.9 g wap air dan 2.2 g karbon dioksida.
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16; Pemalar Avogadro, NA = 6.02 × 1023]
Compare the number of molecules in 0.9 g of water vapour and 2.2 g of carbon dioxide.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16; Avogadro Constant, NA = 6.02 × 10 23]

[3 markah]
[3 marks]
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(d) Dalam satu bekas yang tertutup, terdapat 3 dm3 gas karbon dioksida pada suhu bilik.
In a close container, there is 3 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas at room temperature.

(i) Berapa bilangan molekul terdapat dalam 3 dm3 gas karbon dioksida itu?
[Nombor Avogadro = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik]
How many molecules are there in 3 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas?
[Avogadro Number = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
temperature]

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Hitungkan jisim gas karbon dioksida di dalam bekas itu.
[Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, O = 16]
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the container.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16]

[2 markah]
[2 marks]

Bahagian B
Section B

2. (a) Berikut adalah formula bagi dua sebatian.

The following are the formulae of two compounds.

Al 2O3 PbO2

(i) Berdasarkan kedua-dua formula tersebut, tuliskan formula bagi ion aluminium dan ion
plumbum.
Based on the two formulae, write the formula for aluminium ion and lead ion.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Namakan kedua-dua sebatian tersebut berdasarkan sistem penamaan IUPAC.
Name both compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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(b) Berikut adalah penerangan tentang sebatian karbon K.
The following information is about carbon compound K.

•Formula empirik adalah CH2O

Empirical formula is CH2O
•Jisim molekul relatif adalah 60
Relative molecular mass is 60
•Bertindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat menghasilkan gas yang
menukarkan air kapur menjadi keruh
Reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a type of gas turns lime
water cloudy

Berdasarkan penerangan yang diberikan:

Based on the information given:

(i) Tentukan formula molekul bagi K.

[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
Determine the molecular formula of K.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
(ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara sebatian K dengan kalsium
karbonat.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound K with calcium carbonate.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(c) Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen penguraian kuprum(II) karbonat.
Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set up for experiment of decomposition of copper(II) carbonate.

Serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat

Copper(II) carbonate powder

Panaskan
Heat
Air kapur
Lime water
Rajah 2
Diagram 2

Berdasarkan Rajah 2,
Based on Diagram 2,

(i) Nyatakan dua pemerhatian.

State two observations.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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(ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Nyatakan dua maklumat dari persamaan kimia dalam (c)(ii).
State two information from the chemical equation in (c)(ii).
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iv) Hitungkan jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang terbentuk dari penguraian 12.4 g kuprum(II)
karbonat.
[Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64]
Calculate the mass of the copper(II) oxide formed from the decomposition of 12.4 g of
copper(II) carbonate.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64]
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
(v) Dalam eksperimen 4.0 g kuprum(II) oksida bertindak balas dengan hidrogen gas
menghasilkan kuprum dan air. Jika jisim kuprum dalam kuprum(II) oksida ialah 3.2 g,
hitungkan jisim oksigen dan nisbah teringkas bilangan mol kuprum atom kepada oksigen
atom.
[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16, Cu = 64]
In other experiment 4.0 g copper(II) oxide is reacted with hydrogen gas to produce copper
and water. If the mass of copper in copper(II) oxide is 3.2 g, calculate the mass of oxygen
and the simplest mole ratio for the copper atoms to oxygen atoms.
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16, Cu = 64]
[3 markah]
[3 marks]

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STRUCTURE OF ATOM, PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS AND CHEMICAL BONDS

Bahagian A
Section A

1. (a) Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi atom-atom Q, R dan S.

Table 1 shows the information of atoms Q, R and S.

Atom Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron Nombor nukleon

Atom Number of proton Number of neutron Nucleon number
Q 12 12 24
R 17 35
S 19 20 39
Jadual 1
Table 1

(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon?

What is meant by nucleon number?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Nyatakan bilangan neutron bagi unsur R.
State the number of neutron for element R.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Lukis dan labelkan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.
Draw and label electron arrangement of ion Q.

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iv) Nyatakan bilangan elektron bagi unsur S.
State the number of electron for element S.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
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(b) Rajah 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair naftalena disejukkan.
Diagram 1 shows the graph temperature against time when liquid naphthalene is cooled.

Temperature A

B C
T1

D
T0

Rajah 1 Time
Diagram 1

(i) Nyatakan takat beku bagi naftalena.

State the freezing point of naphthalene.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Apakah keadaan fizik bagi naftalena pada:
What is the physical state of naphthalene at:
AB : ……………………………………
CD : ……………………………………
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iii) Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan suhu dari B ke C?
Explain why there is no change in temperature from B to C?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iv) Lukiskan susunan zarah naftalena pada CD.
Draw the arrangement of naphthalene particles at CD.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
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Bahagian B
Section B

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol-simbol yang mewakili tiga unsur W, X dan Y.

Diagram 2 shows the symbols which represent three elements W, X and Y.

12 23 35
W X Y
6 11 17
Rajah 2
Diagram 2

Berdasarkan Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

Based on Diagram 2, answer the following questions:

(a) Apakah yang diwakili oleh angka 12 dan 6 dalam simbol bagi unsur W?
What is represented by number 12 and 6 in the symbol of element W?
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Atom W dan X boleh membentuk ikatan kimia dengan atom Y.
Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia dan terangkan bagaimana ikatan terbentuk antara:
Atom W and X can form chemical bonds with atom Y.
State the type of chemical bond and explain how the bond is formed between:

(i) Atom W dan Y

Atom W and Y
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(ii) Atom X dan Y
Atom X and Y
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(c) Bandingkan sifat fizik sebatian dalam (b)(i) dan (b)(ii). Terangkan jawapan anda.
Compare the physical properties of compound in (b)(i) and (b)(ii). Explain your answer.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]

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ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Diagram 1 shows two types of cell.

Karbon
Carbon Sel X
Cell X

Larutan kuprum(II) klorida

2 moldm-3
2 moldm-3 copper(II) chloride
solution

Kuprum
Copper
Sel Y
Zink Cell Y
Zinc

Larutan kuprum(II) klorida

2 moldm-3
2 moldm-3 copper(II) chloride
solution
Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Nyatakan nama bagi Sel X dan Sel Y.

State the name of Cell X and Cell Y.
Sel X : ……………………………………………
Cell X
Sel Y : ……………………………………………
Cell Y
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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(b) Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion yang wujud dalam larutan kuprum(II) klorida.
Write the formulae of all anions present in copper(II) chloride solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(c) Berdasarkan Sel X,
Based on the Cell X,

(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod karbon Q.

State the observation at carbon electrode Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Tulis satu persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod karbon Q.
Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the carbon electrode Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Jika larutan kuprum(II) klorida 2 moldm-3 digantikan oleh larutan kuprum(II) klorida
0.001 moldm-3. Nyatakan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod karbon P.
If copper(II) chloride solution 2 moldm-3 is replaced by copper(II) chloride solution
0.001 moldm-3. State the product formed at carbon electrode P.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(d) Berdasarkan Sel Y,
Based on the Cell Y,

(i) Lukiskan panah () untuk menunjukkan arah aliran elektron.

Draw arrows () to show the direction of the electron flow.
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Elektrod manakah yang bertindak sebagai terminal negatif?
Which electrode act as negative terminal?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Jika zink S digantikan oleh jalur magnesium, bacaan voltmeter bertambah.
Nyatakan satu sebab.
If the zinc S is replaced by magnesium strip, the voltmeter reading increases.
State one reason.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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(e) Bandingkan keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II) klorida selepas beberapa minit dalam
kedua-dua sel.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
Compare the intensity of blue colour of copper(II) chloride solution after a few minutes in both
cells.
Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

Bahagian B
Section B

2. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dengan
menggunakan elektrod karbon dan elektrod Q. Selepas 60 minit, terdapat perubahan pada kedua-dua
elektrod.
Diagram 2.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution using
carbon electrode and electrode Q. After 60 minutes, there are changes at both electrodes.

Elektrod karbon
Carbon electrode

Elektrod Q
Electrode Q Pepejal perang
terenap
Brown solid
deposited

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Copper(II) sulphate solution

Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan faktor yang menentukan hasil pada elektrod Q dan elektrod
karbon.
Based on Diagram 2.1, state the factor that determine the product at electrode Q and carbon
electrode.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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(b) Terangkan tindak balas pada elektrod Q dan elektrod karbon. Penerangan anda harus termasuk:
Explain the reaction at electrode Q and carbon electrode. Your explanation should include:

• Semua ion yang wujud dalam elektrolit.

All ions present in electrolyte.
• Ion-ion yang ditarik ke setiap elektrod.
Ions attracted to each electrodes.
• Namakan hasil tindak balas pada elektrod Q. Terangkan mengapa?
Name the product formed at electrode Q. Explain why?
• Nyatakan ion yang dinyahcas terpilih pada katod. Terangkan mengapa?
State the ion selectively discharge at the cathode. Explain why?
• Persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada setiap elektrod.
Half equation for the reaction at each electrode.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
(c) Jika elektrod Q digantikan oleh elektrod karbon.
If electrode Q is replaced by carbon electrode.

(i) Nyatakan pemerhatian pada anod. Berikan satu sebab.

State the observation at the anode. Give one reason.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas pada anod.
Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(d) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu sel kimia.
Diagram 2.2 shows a chemical cell.

Kuprum Zink
Copper Zinc
Larutan X
Solution X

Larutan zink sulfat

Larutan kuprum(II) Zinc sulphate solution
sulfat
Copper(II) sulphate
solution

Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2

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(i) Nyatakan terminal negatif bagi sel kimia. Berikan sebab anda.
State the negative terminal of the chemical cell. Give your reason.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Cadangkan satu bahan yang sesuai digunakan sebagai larutan X dan nyatakan fungsinya.
Suggest one suitable substance that can be used as solution X and state the function.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY AND CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan empat bahan buatan dalam industri.

Diagram 1 shows four manufactured substances in industry.

Keluli Polivinil klorida

Steel Polyvinyl chloride

Kaca borosilikat Termistor

Borosilicate glass Thermistor
Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Keluli ialah sejenis aloi. Besi ialah unsur utama dalam keluli.
Steel is an alloy. Iron is the main element in steel.

(i) Nyatakan maksud aloi.

State the meaning of alloy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
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(ii) Unsur P ditambahkan kepada besi untuk menghasilkan keluli. Apakah unsur P?
Element P is added to iron to produce steel. What is element P?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Bandingkan kekerasan antara besi tulen dengan keluli.
Compare the hardness between pure iron and steel.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iv) Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(iii).
Explain your answer in (a)(iii).
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Polivinil klorida terhasil apabila monomernya bersambung antara satu sama lain untuk
membentuk suatu molekul yang berantai panjang.
Polyvinyl chloride is produced when its monomers link together to form a molecule with a very
long chain.

(i) Nyatakan nama bagi proses yang menghasilkan polivinil klorida.

State the name of process that produces polyvinyl chloride.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Lukiskan formula struktur bagi monomer polivinil klorida.
Draw the structural formula of the monomer polyvinyl chloride.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Paip polivinil klorida adalah lebih digemari dalam pembinaan bangunan berbanding dengan
paip besi. Berikan satu sebab.
Polyvinyl chloride pipes are preferred in the construction of buildings compared to iron
pipes. Give one reason.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
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(c) (i) Nyatakan dua komposisi bagi kaca borosilikat.
State two compositions of borosilicate glass.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi kaca borosilikat berbanding kaca lain.
State one of the special properties of borosilicate glass compared to others glass.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(d) Nyatakan satu komposisi bagi termistor.
State one composition of thermistor.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

Bahagian B
Section B

2. (a) (i) Maklumat di bawah ialah tentang ubat moden.

The information below is about modern medicine.

• Aspirin
Aspirin
• Penisilin
Penicillin
• Parasetamol
Paracetamol
• Kodeina
Codeine
• Klorpromazin
Chlorpromazine
• Kafein
Caffeine

Ubat moden boleh dikelaskan sebagai analgesik, antibiotik dan ubat psikoterapeutik. Bina
satu jadual untuk mengelaskan ubat itu kepada tiga kelas yang berlainan.
Modern medicines can be classified as analgesics, antibiotics and psychotherapeutic drugs.
Construct a table to group the medicines into three different classes.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]

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(ii) Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perbualan antara Sofiah dan Suriati.
Diagram 2.1 shows the conversation between Sofiah and Suriati.

I have a headache. I have a bacterial

The doctor advised infection. The
me to take this doctor advised
medicine and me to follow his
follow his prescription
prescription. strictly.

Sofiah Suriati
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

Kedua-dua orang murid ini berjumpa dengan doktor dan beberapa ubat telah dipreskripsi
kepada mereka. Bagi setiap ubat, nyatakan nama, jenis dan cara penggunaan yang betul.
These two students met a doctor and some medicines were prescribed to them. For each
medicine, state its name, type and the correct usage.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(b) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji bagaimana membersihkan kesan
minyak daripada sehelai kain dan pemerhatian yang diperoleh daripada kajian itu.
Diagram 2.2 shows the apparatus used to investigate how to remove an oily stain from a cloth
and observations made from that investigation.

Eksperimen Radas Pemerhatian

Experiment Apparatus Observation
50 cm3 agen pencuci X
50 cm3 cleaning agent X
Kesan minyak
hilang.
I
Oily stain is
removed.

50 cm3 agen pencuci X

50 cm3 cleaning agent X

Kesan minyak kekal.

II
Oily stain remains.

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50 cm3 agen pencuci Y

50 cm3 cleaning agent Y
Kesan minyak
hilang.
III
Oily stain is
removed.

50 cm3 agen pencuci Y

50 cm3 cleaning agent Y
Kesan minyak
hilang.
IV
Oily stain is
removed.

Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2

(i) Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dalam Rajah 2.2, banding dan terangkan keberkesanan
tindakan pencucian antara:
Based on the given information in Diagram 2.2, compare and explain the effectiveness of
the cleaning action between:

• Eksperimen I dan III

Experiment I and III
• Eksperimen II dan IV
Experiment II and IV
[7 markah]
[7 marks]
(ii) Nyatakan agen pencuci X dan Y.
State the cleaning agents X and Y.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iii) Berikan satu contoh air yang digunakan dalam eksperimen II.
Give one example of the water used in experiment II.
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Bahagian A
Section A

1. (a) Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan tabung uji II apabila hidrogen
klorida dalam tetraklorometana dan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X bertindak balas dengan
zink.
Diagram 1.1 shows the observations in test tube I and test tube II when hydrogen chloride in
tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in solvent X are reacted with zinc.

Tabung uji
I II
Test tube

Susunan radas Zink Zink

Apparatus set- Zinc
Zinc
up

Hidrogen klorida dalam Hidrogen klorida dalam

tetraklorometana pelarut X
Hydrogen chloride in Hydrogen chloride in
tetrachloromethane solvent X
Pemerhatian Tiada perubahan Gelembung udara terbebas
Observation No change Bubbles gas are released
Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1

(i) Nyatakan nama pelarut X.

State the name of solvent X.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Tuliskan formula ion yang menyebabkan asid menunjukkan sifat asid.
Write the formula of ion that causes an acid to show its acidic properties.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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(iii) Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan II.
Explain the differences in observation in test tube I and II.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Cuka mengandungi asid etanoik. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti
asid tanpa menggunakan penunjuk.
Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the acid without
using an indicator.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(c) Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan larutan piawai natrium hidroksida dalam dua kelalang volumetrik.
Kelalang volumetrik A mengandungi 500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 moldm-3 dan
kelalang volumetrik B mengandungi 750 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.
Diagram 1.2 shows standard solution of sodium hydroxide in two volumetric flasks. Volumetric
flask A contains 500 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution and volumetric flask B
contains 750 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution.

Kelalang volumetrik A Kelalang volumetrik B

Volumetric flask A Volumetric flask B

+ 250 cm3 air suling

+ 250 cm3 distilled
water

500 cm3 larutan natrium 750 cm3 larutan natrium

hidroksida 1.0 moldm-3 hidroksida
500 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 750 cm3 sodium hydroxide
sodium hydroxide solution solution
Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.2

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(i) Hitung jisim natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 500 cm3 larutan
natrium hidroksida 1.0 moldm-3 dalam kelalang volumetrik A.
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23]
Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide needed to prepare 500 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution in volumetric flask A.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23]

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Larutan natrium hidroksida dalam kelalang volumetrik B disediakan melalui kaedah
pencairan. Hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida dalam kelalang volumetrik B dalam
moldm-3.
Sodium hydroxide solution in volumetric flask B is prepared using dilution method.
Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution in volumetric flask B in moldm-3.

[2 markah]
[2 marks]

Bahagian B
Section B

2. (a) Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan nama bagi dua jenis garam.

Diagram 2.1 shows the name for two types of salts.

Kuprum(II) klorida
Copper(II) chloride

Plumbum(II) klorida
Lead(II) chloride
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

(i) Berdasarkan garam yang diberikan dalam Rajah 2.1, tuliskan formula garam yang tak
terlarutkan. Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas untuk menyediakan garam tak terlarutkan.
Based on the salt given in Diagram 2.1, write the formula of an insoluble salt. State the
name of reaction to prepare insoluble salt.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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(ii) Nyatakan bahan-bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk menyediakan garam kuprum(II) klorida dan
plumbum(II) klorida.
State the suitable chemicals required to produce copper(II) chloride and lead(II) chloride
salts.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(b) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan tindak balas yang melibatkan pepejal S. Apabila dipanaskan, pepejal S
terurai kepada pepejal T, gas perang U dan gas tidak berwarna W. Gas W menyalakan semula
kayu uji berbara.
Diagram 2.2 shows reactions involving solid S. When heated, solid S decomposes to solid T,
brown gas U and colourless gas W. Gas W relights the glowing wooden splinter.

Pepejal S Pepejal T Gas perang U Gas tidak

 + +
Solid S Solid T Brown gas U berwarna W
∆
Colourless
+HNO3 gas W
Larutan tidak
berwarna X
Colourless
solution X
+NaOH +NH3 (aq)

Mendakan
Mendakan
putih larut
putih larut
dalam larutan
dalam larutan
natrium
ammonia
hidroksida
berlebihan
berlebihan
White
White
precipitate
precipitate
soluble in
soluble in
excess
excess sodium
ammonia
hydroxide
solution
solution
Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2

(i) Kenal pasti pepejal S, pepejal T, gas U dan gas W.

Identify solid S, solid T, gas U and gas W.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk pemanasan pepejal S.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the heating of solid S.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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(c) Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan carta alir yang tidak lengkap bagi ujian kation dan anion garam X.
Diagram 2.3 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salt X.

Garam X
Salt X

Ujian kation Ujian anion

Cation test Anion test

Pb2+ NO3-
Rajah 2.3
Diagram 2.3

Lengkapkan carta alir untuk menentusahkan garam X itu mengandungi ion Pb2+ dan ion NO3-.
Complete the flow chart to confirm that salt X contains Pb2+ ions and NO3- ions.
[8 markah]
[8 marks]

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RATE OF REACTION

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Ahmad mengambil bahagian dalam pertandingan saintis muda semasa minggu sains di sekolah. Dia
menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara kulit telur dengan asid
etanoik.
Ahmad takes part in young scientist competition during science week in school. He carries out an
experiment to investigate rate of reaction between eggs shell and ethanoic acid.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan isipadu gas yang dikumpulkan pada sela masa 30 saat.
Table 1 shows the volume gas collected at 30 seconds interval.

Masa / s
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Time / s
Jumlah isipadu gas / cm3
0 16.00 30.00 39.00 42.50 44.00 44.00 44.00
Total volume gas / cm3
Jadual 1
Table 1

(a) Lukis satu gambar rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas dan bahan-bahan yang
digunakan oleh Ahmad untuk menjalankan eksperimen itu.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up and materials used by Ahmad to carry
out the experiment.

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas yang terlibat.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 markah]
[2 marks]

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(c) Lukis satu graf isipadu gas dikumpul melawan masa.
Draw a graph of volume gas collected against time.

[3 markah]
[3 marks]

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(d) (i) Tentukan kadar tindak balas pada 90 saat.
Determine the rate of reaction at 90 seconds.

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Hitung kadar tindak balas dalam minit kedua.
Calculate the rate of reaction in the second minutes.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Hitung kadar tindak balas purata keseluruhan.
Calculate the overall average rate of reaction.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]

Bahagian B
Section B

2. Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas antara logam P dan asid HX. Jadual 2 menunjukkan maklumat bagi bahan tindak balas
dan masa diambil untuk mengumpul 30 cm3 gas hidrogen.
A group of students carried out experiments to investigate the factor affecting the rate of reaction
between metal P and HX acid. Table 2 shows the information of the reactants and time taken to
collect 30 cm3 of hydrogen gas.

Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Masa diambil / s

Experiment Reactants Time taken / s
Serbuk logam P dan 50 cm3 asid HX 1.0 moldm-3
I 10
Powdered metal P and 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 HX acid
Serbuk logam P dan 100 cm3 asid HX 0.5 moldm-3
II 20
Powdered metal P and 100 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 HX acid
Jadual 2
Table 2

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(a) Cadangkan nama logam P dan asid HX. Dengan menggunakan logam P dan asid HX yang
dinamakan, tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara logam P dan asid HX.
Suggest the name of metal P and HX acid. By using the named metal P and HX acid, write the
chemical equation for the reaction between metal P and HX acid.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(b) Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.
Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(c) Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas antara
Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.
By using the collision theory, explain the difference in the rate of reaction between Experiment I
and Experiment II.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
(d) Huraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana kepekatan larutan dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas
dengan menggunakan larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid nitrik.
Describe an experiment how the concentration of solution affect the rate of reaction by using
sodium thiosulphate solution and nitric acid.
[9 markah]
[9 marks]

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THERMOCHEMISTRY

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan radas bagi eksperimen penentuan haba pemendakan. 25.0 cm3 larutan
argentum nitrat 0.5 moldm-3 ditindakbalaskan dengan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium klorida 0.5 moldm-3.
Didapati terdapat perubahan suhu campuran larutan dan mendakan putih terbentuk.
Figure 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus of an experiment to determine the heat of precipitation.
25.0 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 silver nitrate solution is reacted with 25.0 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 sodium
chloride solution. As a result there is a change in temperature of the mixture and a white precipitate
is formed.

Termometer
Thermometer

Cawan polistirena
Sebelum tindak Polystyrene cup
balas
Before reaction
Larutan argentum nitrat Larutan natrium klorida
Suhu awal = 29.0 °C Suhu awal = 28.0 °C
Silver nitrate solution Sodium chloride solution
Initial temperature = 29.0 °C Initial temperature = 28.0 °C

Termometer
Thermometer

Cawan polistirena
Selepas tindak
Polystyrene cup Mendakan putih
balas
After reaction White precipitate

Campuran larutan
Suhu maksimum = 31.5 °C
Mixture of the solutions
Maximum temperature = 31.5 °C
Rajah 1
Figure 1

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(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba pemendakan?
What is meant by heat of precipitation?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………........
…………………………………………………………………………………………………........
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(b) Mengapakah cawan polistirena digunakan dalam eksperimen itu?
Why is a polystyrene cup used in the experiment?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Berdasarkan perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen itu, nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang
berlaku.
Based on the change of temperature in the experiment, state the type of reaction that
occurred.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Bagaimanakah kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas berbeza dari kandungan tenaga
bahan tindak balas?
How is the total energy of the products different from the total energy of the reactants?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(d) Nyatakan satu langkah yang perlu dijalankan semasa mencampurkan kedua-dua larutan itu
untuk mendapat keputusan yang lebih tepat.
State one step that should be taken while adding the two solutions in order to get a more
accurate result.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(e) Persamaan ion bagi tindak balas pemendakan argentum klorida ialah:
Ag+ (ak) + Cl- (ak)  AgCl (p)
The ionic equation for the precipitation reaction of silver chloride is:
Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)  AgCl (s)

(i) Berapakah bilangan mol ion Ag+ yang bertindak balas dengan ion Cl-?
What is the number of mole of Ag+ ions that reacted with Cl- ions?

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
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(ii) Hitungkan perubahan tenaga haba bagi tindak balas pemendakan itu.
[Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 Jg-1°C -1 dan ketumpatan air ialah 1 gcm-3]
Calculate the heat energy change of the precipitation reaction.
[Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg-1°C-1 and the density of water is 1 gcm-3]

[3 markah]
[3 marks]
(iii) Hitungkan haba pemendakan bagi tindak balas ini.
Calculate the heat of precipitation for this reaction.

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(f) Nilai haba pemendakan yang telah dihitung bagi tindak balas ini didapati kurang daripada
nilai sebenar. Berikan sebabnya.
The calculated value of the heat of precipitation for this reaction is less than the actual value.
Give a reason.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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Bahagian C
Section C

2. (a) Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba peneutralan bagi
tindak balas antara 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 moldm-3 dengan 50 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 2.0 moldm-3.
A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of neutralization for the reaction
between 50 cm3 of 2.0 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid and 50 cm3 of 2.0 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution.

Data berikut telah diperoleh:

The following data was obtained:

• Suhu awal asid hidroklorik = 30.2 ºC

Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid
• Suhu awal larutan natrium hidroksida = 30.2 ºC
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution
• Suhu maksimum campuran larutan = 42.2 ºC
Highest temperature of the mixture solution

(i) Hitungkan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas ini.

[Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 Jg-1°C -1 dan ketumpatan air ialah 1 gcm-3]
Calculate the heat of neutralization for this reaction.
[Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg-1°C-1 and the density of water is 1 gcm-3]
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(ii) Jika eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik untuk menggantikan asid
hidroklorik tetapi semua keadaan lain adalah sama. Ramalkan perubahan suhu yang
dijangkakan. Terangkan jawapan anda.
If the experiment is repeated using sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric acid and all other
conditions are the same. Predict the temperature change. Explain your answer.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(b) Huraikan eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol yang
dinamakan dengan bilangan atom karbon per molekul kurang daripada empat. Dalam
penerangan anda sertakan gambar rajah berlabel dan langkah pengiraan yang terlibat.
[Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, O = 16, H = 1]
[Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 Jg-1°C -1 dan ketumpatan air ialah 1 gcm-3]
Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of combustion of a named alcohol with a
number of carbon atom per molecule less than four. In your description, include a labelled
diagram and the steps involved in the calculation.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, H = 1]
[Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg-1°C -1 and the density of water is 1 gcm-3]
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

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REDOX

Bahagian A
Section A

1. (a) Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan pengekstrakan ferum dari hematit dalam relau bagas. Hematit
dipanaskan dengan batu kapur dan bahan X.
Diagram 1.1 shows the extraction of iron from hematite in a blast furnace. Hematite is heated
with limestone and substance X.
Hematit + batu kapur + bahan X
Hematite + limestone + substance X

Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1

(i) Komponen utama hematit adalah ferum oksida, Fe2O3. Apakah nombor pengoksidaan bagi
ferum dalam Fe 2O3?
The main component of hematite is iron oxide, Fe 2O3. What is the oxidation number of iron
in Fe2O3?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Namakan bahan X.
Name substance X.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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(iii) Apakah fungsi bahan X?
What is the function of substance X?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iv) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan perubahan yang berlaku apabila air klorin ditambah ke dalam tabung uji
yang mengandungi larutan natrium bromida dan 1,1,1-trikloroetana.
Diagram 1.2 shows the changes when chlorine water is added into the test tube that contain
sodium bromide solution and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Air klorin Goncang

Chlorine water Shaken

Larutan natrium bromida 1,1,1-trikloroetana

Sodium bromide solution 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.2

(i) Apakah warna lapisan 1,1,1-trikloroetana yang terbentuk?

What is the colour of the 1,1,1-trichloroethane layer formed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Namakan bahan yang menyebabkan warna di (b)(i).
Name the substance that gives the colour in (b)(i).
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(iii) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan klorin.
State the change in oxidation number of chlorine.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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(iv) Namakan proses yang dilalui oleh klorin.
Name the process undergoes by chlorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(v) Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.
Suggest one reagent that can replace chlorine water.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

Bahagian C
Section C

2. (a) Pagar besi rumah yang berdekatan dengan kawasan industri menjadi berkarat lebih cepat dari
yang berada jauh dari kawasan industri. Jelaskan fenomena ini.
Iron gates of houses situated near industrial areas become rusty faster than those situated far
from industrial areas. Explain this phenomenon.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas I dan tindak balas II.
Diagram 2.1 shows the chemical equation for reaction I and reaction II.

Tindak balas I - HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

Reaction I
Tindak balas II - Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu
Reaction II
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

Berdasarkan tindak balas kimia dalam Rajah 2.1, tentukan sama ada tindak balas tersebut adalah
tindak balas redoks. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
Based on the chemical equations in Diagram 2.1, determine whether the reaction is redox
reaction. Explain your answer.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(c) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan perubahan yang melibatkan ferum, ion ferum(II) dan ion ferum(III).
Diagram 2.2 shows the changes involving iron, iron(II) ion and iron(III) ion.

Langkah I Langkah II
Step I Step II
Fe  Fe2+  Fe3+
Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2

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Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 2.2, cadangkan bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk melaksanakan
penukaran dalam langkah I dan II. Jawapan anda hendaklah disertakan dengan pemerhatian
untuk setiap langkah terlibat.
By referring to Diagram 2.2, suggest a suitable chemical substance to carry out the changes in
steps I and II. Your answers should include the observation for each of the step involved.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(d) Pernyataan berikut adalah mengenai tindak balas redoks.
The following statement is about redox reaction.

Tindak balas redoks boleh berlaku antara agen penurunan dan agen pengoksidaan tanpa
bersentuh antara satu sama lain.
A redox reaction can occur between a reducing agent and oxidizing agent without in contact
with one another.

Dengan menggunakan larutan kalium iodida, asid sulfurik cair dan air bromin, huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas. Jawapan anda harus mengandungi perkara
berikut:
By using potassium iodide solution, dilute sulphuric acid and bromine water, describe an
experiment to verify the above statement. Your answer should consist of the following:

• Gambar rajah berlabel

Labelled diagram
• Langkah-langkah
Procedures
• Persamaan setengah yang terlibat
Half-equation involved
• Pemerhatian
Observations
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

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CARBON COMPOUNDS

Bahagian A
Section A

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas kimia bermula daripada propan-1-ol.
Diagram 1 shows a series of chemical reactions starting from propan-1-ol.

Proses IV Propan-1-ol Sebatian P

Process IV Propan-1-ol Compound P
C 3H7OH Proses I C 3H6
Proses III Process I Proses II
Sebatian S
Process III Process II
Compound S
Sebatian R Sebatian Q
Compound R Compound Q
C2H5COOH C 3H8
Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi propan-1-ol.

State the functional group of propan-1-ol.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Nyatakan keadaan yang digunakan dalam Proses II.
State the conditions used in Process II.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan sebatian P dan sebatian Q.
Describe briefly a chemical test to differentiate between compound P and compound Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(c) Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian R.
Draw the structural formula of compound R.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]

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(d) Nyatakan keadaan yang digunakan dalam Proses I.
State the conditions used in Process I.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(e) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi Proses III.
Write a chemical equation for the Process III.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(f) Dalam Proses IV, propan-1-ol bertindak balas dengan sebatian R menghasilkan sebatian S.
In Process IV, propan-1-ol reacts with compound R to produce compound S.

(i) Nyatakan nama bagi proses yang berlaku.

State the name of the process that occurred.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iii) Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi sebatian S.
State one special characteristic of the compound S.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

Bahagian C
Section C

2. (a) Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian A dan sebatian B.
Diagram 2.1 shows the structural formulae of compound A and compound B.

H H H H H H H H H H H H
| | | | | | | | | | | |
H–C–C–C–C–C–C–H H–C=C–C–C–C–C–H
| | | | | | | | | |
H H H H H H H H H H
Sebatian A Sebatian B
Compound A Compound B
Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

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Sebatian A dan sebatian B terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida
dan air.
Compound A and compound B are burnt completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide gas
and water.

(i) Namakan sebatian A dan sebatian B.

Name compound A and compound B.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Sebatian B menghasilkan lebih jelaga daripada sebatian A apabila terbakar dalam oksigen.
Terangkan mengapa?
Compound B produced more soot than compound A when burnt in oxygen. Explain why?
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
(b) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian J dan sebatian K.
Diagram 2.2 shows the structural formulae of compound J and compound K.

H O H H
| || | |
H–C–C–O–H H–C–C–O–H
| | |
H H H
Sebatian J Sebatian K
Compound J Compound K
Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian K. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk
membezakan antara sebatian J dan sebatian K.
State one physical property of compound K. Describe briefly a chemical test to differentiate
between compound J and compound K.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
(c) Alkohol mengalami tindak balas pendehidratan untuk menghasilkan alkena dan air. Huraikan
bagaimana satu alkena disediakan daripada alkohol yang dinamakan melalui proses
pendehidratan. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan gambar rajah bagi susunan radas dan persamaan
kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu.
Alcohols undergo dehydration reaction to produce alkenes and water. Describe how to prepare
an alkene from a named alcohol through dehydration process. In your description, include the
diagram of the apparatus set-up and balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

SEMINAR TAMAT
END OF SEMINAR

4541/2 38 Sir HONG Chemistry Group

Sir HONG Chemistry Group 4541/2

A+ Chemistry SPM

Prepared By,
Sir HONG BOON LIANG
Guru Cemerlang (Kimia) DG44
SMK Seri Gombak
Taman Greenwood, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan
4541/2 39 Sir HONG Chemistry Group