Hurricane Daniel (2006)

Hurricane Daniel was the second strongest hurricane of the 2006 Pacific
Hurricane Daniel
hurricane season. The fourth named storm of the season, Daniel originated on
July 16 from a tropical wave off the coast of Mexico. It tracked westward, Category 4 major hurricane
intensifying steadily to reach peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) on July 22. (SSHWS/NWS)
At the time, the characteristics of the cyclone resembled those of an annular
hurricane. Daniel gradually weakened as it entered an area of cooler water
temperatures and increased wind shear, and after crossing into the Central
Pacific Ocean, it quickly degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area on
July 26, before dissipating two days later.

Initial predictions suggested that the cyclone would pass through the Hawaiian
Islands as a tropical storm; however, Daniel's remnants dissipated southeast of
Hawaii. The storm brought light to moderate precipitation to the Island of
Hawaii and Maui, causing minor flooding, although no major damage or
fatalities were reported.

Hurricane Daniel near peak intensity on

Contents July 21
Meteorological history Formed July 16, 2006
Preparations and impact Dissipated July 28, 2006
See also (Remnant low after July 26)
References Highest winds 1-minute sustained:
150 mph (240 km/h)
Lowest pressure 933 mbar (hPa); 27.55
Meteorological history inHg
Fatalities None reported
Damage Minimal
Areas affected Hawaii
Part of the 2006 Pacific hurricane
season

Hurricane Daniel began as a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa
Map plotting the track and intensity of on July 2. The wave moved across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea with little
the storm, according to theSaffir– associated convection, and on July 12, it crossed Central America into the eastern
Simpson scale Pacific Ocean. Convection increased on July 13, and two days later the system
began to exhibit signs of tropical development to the south of Mexico.[1] It tracked
westward at about 15 mph (25 km/h), and on July 16, the disturbance became better
organized.[2] With convective rainbands near an associated low-level circulation,[3] it is estimated the tropical wave spawned a
Manzanillo, Colima.[1]
tropical depression late on July 16. At the time, it was located about 525 miles (845 km) south-southwest of

Classified as Tropical Depression Five-E, the system tracked westward under the steering currents of a mid-level ridge.[3] In the
hours after formation, the depression lacked a concentration of deep convection near the center. Conditions favored development,
including warm sea surface temperatures, very low amounts of wind shear, and an established anticyclone over the cyclone.[4]
Convection became more centralized, coinciding with the improvement of upper-level outflow. Based on Dvorak classifications, it is
estimated that the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Daniel at 12:00 UTC on July 17.[5] Daniel quickly became better
organized, exhibiting increasedthunderstorm activity and banding features.[6] A central dense overcast developed, and a well-defined
rainband wrapped around the center of circulation.[7] Based on the formation of an eye feature,[8] the National Hurricane Center
upgraded Daniel to hurricane status late on July 18 while it was located about 885 miles (1420 km) south-southwest of Cabo San
Lucas.[1]

On July 19, the eye of Daniel became apparent on satellite imagery,[9] which
organized into a pinhole eye.[10] It underwent an eyewall replacement cycle as it
turned to the west-northwest, temporarily halting its intensification trend, before
quickly strengthening and attaining major hurricane status on July 20.[1] Later that
day, Hurricane Daniel organized into a very symmetric cyclone with a distinct eye
about 30 miles (45 km) in diameter. Upon attaining Category 4 status on the Saffir-
Simpson Hurricane Scale, the cyclone resembled the appearance of an annular
hurricane;[11] an annular hurricane is one with a large and symmetric eye,
Satellite loop of Hurricane Daniel
surrounded by a thick ring of intense convection, and usually is able to maintain its
near peak intensity.
intensity and structure for several days.[12] On July 21 the hurricane underwent
another eyewall replacement cycle. After completing the cycle, Daniel attained its
peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) early on July 22. It maintained peak winds for about 18 hours, and Daniel began a weakening
trend as it crossed into an area of progressively cooler water temperatures.[1] The eye became more distinct on July 23,[13] before the
cloud tops again warmed as the winds decreased.[14]

The hurricane crossed into the area of forecast responsibility of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center on July 24,[1] and upon doing
so, its eye disappeared from satellite imagery. Daniel was forecast to track through the Hawaiian Islands as a tropical storm as water
temperatures near the islands were warmer,[15] and wind shear was expected to be minimal.[16] However, it decelerated as the ridge
to its north weakened, and due to the combination of cool waters and increasing easterly shear, Daniel weakened to a tropical storm
on July 25.[1] Later that day, no active convection remained near the exposed circulation center, and early on July 26, it weakened to
tropical depression status. Thunderstorm activity failed to redevelop, and Daniel degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area by
00:00 UTC on July 27. The remnant low continued west-northwestward, dissipating just southeast of the Big Island of Hawaii on
July 28.[16]

Preparations and impact

When Hurricane Daniel was forecast to pass through the Hawaiian islands as a
tropical storm, state and Hawaii County officials recommended residents prepare
hurricane kits. They also suggested purchasing non-perishable foods and batteries.
Initially, the storm was several days away from potentially affecting the state, and as
a result few residents rushed to prepare.[17] The Honolulu National Weather Service
issued a high surf advisory for east facing beaches in Hawaii, and warned
beachgoers to remain out of the water.[18] The National Weather Service issued a
[19]
flash flood watch and wind advisory in association with the remnants of Daniel.

The remnants produced 2–5 inches (50–125 mm) of rainfall throughout windward
areas of the Big Island of Hawaii and Maui on July 28 and 29.[16] West Wailuaiki on Satellite image of the remnants of
Daniel near Hawaii on July 28.
Maui recorded 3.87 inches (98.3 mm) in one day, which was the highest daily
rainfall total from the hurricane.[20] The storm also dropped precipitation on the East
Maui watershed.[21] The rainfall particularly in Kailua-Kona on the Big Island caused ponding on roadways, as well as flooding of
small streams. However, no injuries or serious damage were reported.[22] A station in Ka Lae briefly reported sustained winds of
[16]
about 35 mph (56 km/h) with gusts to 45 mph (72 km/h).
During the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, the Hawaii State Civil Defense requested the retirement of the name
Daniel, citing that it became one of the several storms memorable for threat or damage.[23] However, the World Meteorological
Organization did not approve the request.[24]

See also
List of Hawaii hurricanes
Other tropical cyclones of the same name
Timeline of the 2006 Pacific hurricane season
List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

References
1. Jack Beven (2006). "Hurricane Daniel Tropical Cyclone Report"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP052006_Danie
l.pdf) (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
2. Stewart & Rhome (2006)."July 16 Tropical Weather Outlook" (https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOEP/2006/
TWOEP.200607161624.txt). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
3. Beven (2006). "Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion One"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052006.
discus.001.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
4. Pasch (2006). "Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion Two" (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052006.
discus.002.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
5. Stewart (2006). "Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Three"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052006.di
scus.003.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
6. Mainelli & Avila (2006). "Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Five"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052
006.discus.005.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
7. Pasch (2006). "Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Six"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052006.discu
s.006.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
8. Rhome & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Eight"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep05200
6.discus.008.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
9. Stewart and Brown (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Eleven"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep05
2006.discus.011.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
10. Stewart and Brown (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twelve" (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep05
2006.discus.012.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
11. Brown (2006). "Hurricane Daniel Discussion Sixteen"(http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/ep052006.discus.
016.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
12. Knaff, John A.; J.P. Kossin; M. DeMaria (April 2003). "Annular Hurricanes" (http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~kossin/article
s/annularhurr.pdf) (PDF). Weather and Forecasting. American Meteorological Society. 18 (2): 204–223.
Bibcode:2003WtFor..18..204K (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003WtFor ..18..204K). doi:10.1175/1520-
0434(2003)018<0204:AH>2.0.CO;2(https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434%282003%29018%3C0204%3AAH%3E2.0.
CO%3B2). Retrieved 2009-02-28.
13. Brown & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twenty-Seven" (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/
ep052006.discus.027.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
14. Brown & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twenty-Eight" (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2006/ep05/e
p052006.discus.028.shtml?). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
15. Houston (2006). "Hurricane Daniel Discussion Thirty-One"(https://web.archive.org/web/20110518213256/http://ww
w.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP1.EP052006.31.0607241510). Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
Archived from the original (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP1.EP052006.31.0607241510)
on 2011-05-18. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
16. "Overview of the 2006 Central North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season"(https://web.archive.org/web/2008010301371
2/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php#daniel). Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 2006. Archived from
the original (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php#daniel) on 2008-01-03. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
17. Rod Thomson (2006-07-25)."Weakening Hurricane Daniel still a concernfor Big Isle" (http://archives.starbulletin.co
m/2006/07/25/news/story01.html). Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
18. "Hurricane Season 2006: Daniel (Eastern Pacific)"(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2006/h2
006_daniel.html). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
19. Honolulu National Weather Service (2006)."July 2006 Tropical Weather Statements" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
120209180626/http://elists.pdc.org/pipermail/emops/2006-July.txt). Archived from the original (http://elists.pdc.org/pi
permail/emops/2006-July.txt) (TXT) on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
20. Kevin R. Kodama (2006)."July 2006 Hawaii Precipitation Summary"(https://web.archive.org/web/20060929013413/
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/jul06sum.php). Honolulu National Weather Service. Archived from the
original (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/jul06sum.php) on 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
21. Edwin Tanji (2006-07-29). "Trades dissipate remnants of Daniel".Maui News.
22. "Event Report for Hawaii"(https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001555/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.d
ll?wwevent~ShowEvent~608928). National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Archived from the original (http://www4.ncd
c.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~608928)on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
23. "The Nation's Hurricane Program: An Interagency Success Story"(https://www.webcitation.org/5f9vkkp2f?url=http://
www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf) (PDF). Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference. 2007. Archived
from the original (http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf) (PDF) on March 10, 2009. Retrieved
2007-12-29.
24. Dennis H. McCarthy (2007)."National Weather Service Instruction Tropical Cyclone Names and Pronunciation
Guide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080910161627/http://www .weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006006curr.pdf)
(PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006006curr.pdf) (PDF) on 2008-09-10.
Retrieved 2007-12-29.

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