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Clases de EDP1
Principio de Duhamel
Resolver:
ut = uxx + f (t) t > 0, x ∈ Ω (Ω = [0, 1])
u(x, t) = 0 en x ∈ ∂Ω (frontera de Ω), t > 0
u(x, 0) = 0 x∈R
Sea v = wt
vt = vxx t > 0, x ∈ Ω
v(x, t) = 0 en x ∈ ∂Ω
v(x, 0) = wt (x, 0) = wxx (x, 0) + 1 = 1
Z t
ut = f (0)v(x, t) − v(x, t)f (0) + ∂xx v(x, τ )f (x − τ )dτ
0
Entonces: Z t
ut = f (t) + ∂xx v(x, t)f (t − τ )dτ
|0 {z }
u(x,t)
dx dy dz
< (ux , uy , −1), ( , , ) >= 0
dt dt dt
Entonces:
∂t x(t, s) = a(x(t, s), y(t, s))
∂t y(t, s) = b(x(t, s), y(t, s))
∂t u(t, s) = c(x(t, s), y(t, s))
Ecuaciones Caracterı́sticas.
Condiciones iniciales:
x(0, s) = x0 (s)
y(0, s) = y0 (s) =⇒ u(t, s) =⇒ u(x, y)
u(0, s) = u0 (s)
Entonces:
x −→ x(t, s)
Luego J 6= 0
y −→ y(t, s)
3
∂x ∂x
J = ∂t ∂S
∂y ∂y
∂t ∂s
Caso no Lineal
Ecuaciones caracterı́sticas:
∂t x = a(x(t, s), y(t, s), u(t, s))
∂t y = b(x(t, s), y(t, s), u(t, s))
∂t u = c(x(t, s), y(t, s), u(t, s))
Condiciones iniciales:
x(0, s) = x0 (s)
y(0, s) = y0 (s)
u(0, s) = u0 (s)
Ejemplo: Resolver
ux + uy = 2
u(x, 0) = x2
Ecuaciones caracterı́sticas:
∂t x(t, s) = 1 | x(0, s) = s
∂t y(t, s) = 1 | y(0, s) = 0
∂u (t, s) = 2 | u(0, s) = s2
x(t, s)=t + c1 (s)
y(t, s)=t + c2 (s)
u(t, s)=2t + c3 (s)
x(t, s) = t+s
=⇒ t = y, s = x − y
y(t, s) = t
2t + s2 =⇒ u(x, y) = 2y + (x − y)2
u(t, s) =
Ejemplo:
ux + uy + 2u = 0 t > 0, x ∈ R
u(x, 0) = sin(x)
Ecuaciones Caracterı́sticas:
∂t x = 1 | x(0, s) = s | x = t+s
∂t y = 1 | y(0, s) = 0 | y = t
∂u = −2u | u(0, s) = sin(s) |
Entonces:
ln(u) = −2t + c1 (s)
Luego
u(t, s) = sin(s)e−2t =⇒ u(x, y) = sin(x − y)e−2y