A Compact CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna With An U-
Shaped Slot For 5 GHz/6 GHz Band-Notched Ultra-
wideband Applications
Jyoti R. Panda and Rakhesh S. Kshetrimayum
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Assam 781039 INDIA
Abstract— A planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with an U-
shaped slot for a 5/6 GHz band notched characteristics is
presented. The antenna is a planar structure and has a compact
area of 25x25 mm2, which covers the frequency band from 3.1
GHz to 10.6 GHz ( VSWR d 2 ). The antenna has a circular slot
cut in the ground plane and a circular patch is printed within
that. A 50-Ƿ coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line is used
to feed the printed circular metal patch. By removing a U-shaped
slot from the circular patch, band rejected property in the WLAN
band is obtained. The compact antenna has the promising
performance including broadband impedance matching,
consistent radiation pattern and stable gain.
I. INTRODUCTION
T HE ultrawideband (UWB) communication system (3.1-
10.6 GHz) has completely changed the wireless
communication system scenario for last seven years after the
Federal Communication commission (FCC) ruling in Feb 2002
[1] for the commercial use of the UWB communication system.
The great attention towards the UWB system is due to it’s
some inherent merits such as high data rate, small emission
power, highly secure environment, low cost for short range
access and remote sensing applications. But there are many
narrowband communication systems that coexist with the
UWB communication system, which severely interferes with
the functioning of the UWB systems. Most notable among
them is the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which
operates with the center frequency of 2.4 GHz (2400-2484
MHz), 5.2 GHz (5150-5350 MHz) and 5.8 GHz (5725-5825
MHz). To mitigate to mitigate this interference problem,
various UWB antennas with band-notched characteristics have
been developed [2]-[16].
The simple and most commonly used approach is to
incorporate various shapes and sizes of slots into the main
radiator. In [3] an inverted U-shaped slot is used in the half
circle shaped patch. A hat shaped slot [4] is cut in the main
radiator, which is the conjugate shape of a triangle and a
rectangle. The lower portion of the CPW feedline is a staircase
type. Hence the structure of this antenna is complicated. An
978-1-4244-7917-7/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE
inverted C-shaped [5] slot is cut from the triangular shaped
patch with the beveled ground plane. An arched slot [6] is cut
from the circular shaped patch. Within the circular slot a
cutting pie [8] with flare angle ș is cut from the circular
radiator. This antenna [9] is made up of a planar four-step
staircase rectangular monopole with ground short-circuited
stub and two-step impedance transformer at the CPW-feed line
for effective impedance matching. Though this antenna
provides required band-notched characteristics but the structure
is complicated. Two different size tilt-steps [10] and two folded
striplines are used with the CPW feed-line. A beveled ground
plane [11] with the tapered feed constitutes the CPW feed
system in this antenna. A rectangular radiator is used with U-
shaped slot cut from the radiator. The radiating structure is
formed by the connection of half the ellipse with a rectangular
patch [12]. The ground plane located around the CPW feeder is
in the shape of half an ellipse. An arc shaped slot is cut from
the radiator. An inverted parasitic strip [13] is printed in the
circular slot cut from the ground plane. The radiating element
is a circular patch whose bottom is beveled horizontally. An
inverted ʌ shaped slot [14] is cut from the funnel shaped
radiating patch with the circularly beveled ground plane. A
split ring resonator (SRR) [15] is cut from the radiating
structure, which is the combination of a triangle and a
rectangle. An elliptical slot is cut from the ground plane with
the CPW feed-line. This antenna [16] with an elliptical stub
having a pair of open-ended slits on the tuning stub. A pair of
parasitic strips is there in the aperture. The antenna consists of
an elliptical slot is etched in the conductor plane pf the printed
circuit board.
Based on the background of the structures of various UWB
notch-antennas above, this paper proposes a simple and
compact CPW fed planar UWB antenna with band-notched
characteristics in 5.5 GHz (5-6 GHz). The band-notched
characteristics are achieved by removing U-shaped slots from
the circular radiating element surrounded by a circular ground
plane and fed by a 50-Ƿ transmission line. It is found that by
tuning the total length of the U-shaped slot to the
approximately half of the guided wavelength (Ȝg) of the desired
notch frequency, a destructive interference takes place causing
the antenna nonradiating at that frequency. The notch center
frequency can be easily tunable by changing the total length of
the U-shaped slot. The design and simulation of the proposed
dual band-notched antenna is done by the IE3D software [17].
The proposed antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of
3.1-10.6 GHz with VSWR d 2 , except the bandwidths of 5-6
GHz for IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN system. The
constant gain and stable radiation pattern also available.
In this paper, a compact antenna of 25x25 mm2 is proposed.
Simply by creating a U-shaped slot in the circular radiating
element, single band-notched characteristic from 5-6 GHz is
obtained.
VSWR graph cuts the VSWR=2 line at 2.80 GHz and remains
below the line till 10.66 GHz. This depicts that there is good
impedance matching between the CPW transmission line and
the circular radiating element in the frequency band from 2.80
to 10.66 GHz and covers the entire UWB band (3.1-10.6 GHz).
Fig.3 represents the gain in dBi verses frequency. The gain
increases with the frequency and the maximum at 5.5 GHz.
The maximum gain of antenna 1 is 1.46 dBi at 5.5 GHz.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND RESULTS

A. UWB Antenna Design and Results

Fig. 2. VSWR vs. frequency of antenna 1.

Fig. 1. Geometry and configuration of antenna 1.

Fig. 1 shows the geometry and configuration of a UWB

antenna. The antenna (referred to as antenna 1 in this paper)
was fabricated on an h=1.6 mm FR4 epoxy substrate with the
dielectric constant İr=4.4 and loss tangent tanį=0.002. As
shown in the figure, a circular slot is cut on the ground plane. Fig. 3. Simulated gain (dBi) vs. frequency of antenna 1.
Inside the circular slot, a circular radiating patch is printed on
the substrate. The circular radiator is fed by a 50-ȍ coplanar
waveguide (CPW) transmission line, which is terminated with
a sub miniature A (SMA) connector for the measurement B. Band-Notched UWB Antenna Design and Results
purpose. Since the antenna and the feeding are fabricated on
the same side of the plane, only one layer of substrate with Along with the UWB spectrum (3.1-10.6 GHz), some
single-sided metallisation is used, and the manufacturing of narrowband systems operate. Notable among them is IEEE
antenna is very easy and extremely low cost [16]. The 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN system. Hence, to mitigate
electromagnetic software IE3D is employed to perform the the interference from the above narrowband system, band-
design and optimization process. The design parameters are notch function is desirable in the UWB system.
W=25 mm, L=25 mm, r1= 6 mm, r2=9.7 mm, T1=2.2 mm,
T2=0.2 mm and T3=0.25 mm.
Fig. 2 shows the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 1. The
 Fig. 5. Effect of total length (L) of the slot on the VSWR of the
antenna 2.
Fig. 4. Geometry and configuration of antenna 2.
the antenna 2 for the different length of L of the slot. As
Fig. 4 shows the geometry and dimension of the UWB antenna observed, the adjustment of the band-notched frequency can be
with band-notch characteristic from 5-6 GHz band (denoted as done by varying the total length (L) of the U-shaped slot. By
antenna 2). By removing a U-shaped slot from the circular decreasing L from 19.8 to 17.8 mm, the tip of the notched band
radiating patch of antenna 1, a band notch function is created. It shifted from 5.11 GHz to 5.83 GHz. The final design
is noteworthy that when the band-notched structure is applied parameters of the U-shaped slot are MM=6.8 mm, m=6 mm
to the antenna 1, there is no redesigning work needed for the and t=0.5 mm. The final design parameters for the total length
previously taken dimensions. In general, the main aim behind (L) of the U-shaped slot are MM=6.8 mm, m=6 mm and t=0.5
the design methodology of the notch function is to tune the mm where L= (MM+2m) mm.
total length of the U-shaped slot approximately equal to the
half guided wavelength (Ȝg) of the desired notch frequency,
which provides the input impedance singular. At the desired
notch frequency, the current distribution is around the U-
shaped slot. Hence, a destructive interference for the excited
surface current will occur, which causes the antenna to be non-
responsive at that frequency. The input impedance closer to the
feed point, changes abruptly making large reflections at the
required notch frequency.
The expression for the length of the U-shaped slot for
a given notch frequency ( f n ) is given by

Og
L (1)
2
where
Fig. 6. Simulated VSWR of antenna 2, compared to antenna 1.
c
Og (2)
f n H eff The performance of the simulated VSWR of the
antenna 2, which provides the desired center notch frequency
where L is the total length of the U-shaped slot, İeff is the of 5.5 GHz, is shown in the Fig. 6. From the figure it is very
effective dielectric constant of CPW feed-line and c is the clear that, the desired filtering property is achieved by
speed of light in free space. We can take (1) into consideration introducing a U-shaped slot. Compared to antenna 1 design.
for obtaining the total length of the U-shaped slot at the very The single band-notched UWB antenna effectively blocks out
beginning of the design. Fig. 5 depicts the simulated VSWR of the 5-6 GHz and still performs excellent impedance matching
at other frequencies of UWB band. The tip of the desired notch
band is exactly at 5.5 GHz at the VSWR value of 6.0, which is
the center frequency of the WLAN band. The notch band
stretches from 3.73 GHz to 6.15 GHz, in which whole of the
WLAN band is immersed. The antenna gain of antenna 2,
compared to antenna 1 in the entire UWB is presented in the
Fig.7, which shows a sharp decrease in gain at 5.5 GHz, which
is the center frequency of the WLAN band and good
performances at other frequencies of the UWB band.
Fig. 7. Simulated gain (dBi) of antenna 2, compared to antenna
1.
Fig. 8. Simulated E-plane (yz-plane) and H-plane (zx-plane)
radiation patterns of antenna 2 at (a) 4 GHz, (b) 5.5 GHz, (c) 7
GHz and (d) 9 GHz.
Fig.8 shows the E-plane (yz-plane) and H-plane (zx-plane)
radiation pattern of the antenna 2 at 4, 5.5, 7 and 9 GHz
respectively. The H-plane radiation pattern is purely omni-
directional at all the simulated frequencies. The E-plane
radiation pattern is highly directional along 00 and 1800
respectively at all the simulated frequencies. There is
absolutely no change in the shape of E-plane radiation pattern
at all the simulated frequencies. Hence the antenna 2 exhibits
stable and constant radiation pattern at all the frequencies.
III. CONCLUSION
To mitigate the potential interference between the UWB
systems and narrowband systems such as WLAN, a compact
CPW-fed planar UWB antenna with band rejection at WLAN
frequencies has been proposed. The relationship between the
total dimension of the U-shaped slot and the band rejection
operation has been presented. Stable radiation pattern and
constant gain in the UWB bands are obtained. The antenna
presented in this paper is expected to find future application in
UWB system.
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