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Pawan Kumar
16 ME62 R07
Typical Petroleum Transportation
network
The length of the hydrodynamic entry region along the pipe is called
hydrodynamic entry length. It is a function of Reynolds No. (Re) of the flow.
L for Laminar Flow= 0.05 Re X D
L for turbulent Flow= 1.359 DX (Re)^0.25
Flow Through a Pipe
• Can be classified as either Laminar or Turbulent.
• For Reynolds number less than 2300, laminar and
above that turbulent
• More energy is wasted in turbulent flow due to
generation of eddies
Drag Generation in a Pipe Flow
• Drag generated in a pipeline is the loss of
pressure or “head” that occurs due to the effect
of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the
pipe or duct
*For a real fluid pressure at point 2 shall always be less than pressure at point 1
Boundary Layer in a typical pipe
flow
Calculation of Frictional Drag
generated in a pipe flow
• Loss in pressure due to Friction (Darcy–
Weisbach equation)
Polyalpha-olefins (PAO)
Source:- Ali A. Abdul-Hadi and Anees A. Khadom, “Studying the Effect of Some Surfactants on Drag Reduction of
Crude Oil Flow,” Chinese Journal of Engineering
Volume 2013