Structured Question: [Force on current carrying conductor in a magnetic field]

MRSM08P2SAQ8 Diagram 8 shows a galvanometer with a resistance of 5 Ω and a full-

scale deflection of 5 mA.
The galvanometer uses the interaction between a permanent magnet and electromagnet to
measure a small current. The coil of the galvanometer gets heated up quickly, thus affecting
the reading shown by pointer.

(a) What is meant by electromagnet?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
Table 8 shows the specifications of four galvanometers J, K, L and M.
Number of turns
Galvanometer Wire used for the coil Core material
of coil
J Thin Soft iron Large
K Thick Steel Small
L Thin Steel Small
M Thick Soft iron Large
Table 8
(b) Based on Table 8, state the suitable specifications for the coil and the core to make
the galvanometer more efficient.
Give the reason for the suitability of the aspects.
(a) Wire used for the coil

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(ii) Core material

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
 (iii) Number of turns of the coil

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Reason

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

(c) Based on the anwers in 8(b), determine the most suitable galvanometer in Table 8 to
measure a small current.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(d) A resistor is added to the galvanometer to enable it to produce a full-scale deflection

when the current is 1 Ampere.
(i) State how the resistor should be connected to the galvanometer.
Tick (√ ) the correct answer in the box provided.

In series with the galvanometer

Parallel to the galvanometer

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in 8(d)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(iii) Calculate the resistance of the added resistor.

[2 marks]
Question:
JHR11P2SBQ10 Diagram 10.2 shows a thick copper wire BC which is free to rotate about
the rings A and D. The wire BC hangs freely between the poles of a strong permanent
magnet.

When the switch is on, the interaction between the magnetic field and the current in the wire
produces the catapult field.
(a) (i) What is meant by catapult field? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the voltage of power supply, the
deflection of the ammeter pointer and the angle of deflection of copper wire. [3 marks]

(b) State the relationship between

(i) Voltage of power supply and strength of catapult field. [1 mark]
(ii) Strength of catapult field and angle of deflection of copper wire. [1 mark]

(c) Diagram 10.3 shows a direct current motor.

Explain how the motor is able to rotate. [4 marks]

Solution:
 Current flow in the coil produce magnetic field.
 Magnetic field produced by the coil interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent
magnet.
 A catapult field is produced.
 Two forces in opposite direction produced in a coil.
Structured Question 1: [Induced current]
TRG12P2SAQ6 Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show a magnet bar is dropped from a certain
height and moving into a coil.

(a) Name the physical quantity measured by galvanometer.

………………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and 6.2,

(i) Compare the number of turns of the coil

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the size of deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(iii) Compare the height of the magnet before it is dropped.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(iv) State the relationship between the number of turns of the coil and the
deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
 (v) State the relationship between the number of turns of the coil and the induced
current produced.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(c) The height of the magnet bar dropped is increased in Diagram 6.1,
(i) What happens to the deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer?

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 6(c)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

Question:
PNG12P2SBQ10(c) Diagram 10.3 shows a direct current generator.

Explain how the above generator works to produce direct current. [4 marks]
Solution:
 Rotate the coil in clockwise direction.
 The coil cut across the magnetic field.
 Current is induced in the coil.
 The commutator changes the direction in the coil so that the direction of current in
external circuits always the same.
Structured Question: [AC generator]
KDH12P2SAQ7 Diagram 7.1 shows an a.c. generator in which a coil is being turned in a
magnetic field.

Diagram 7.1
(a) (i) What is the meaning of magnetic field?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) Why does the bulb light up?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(b) Some modifications need to be done to the a.c. generator in Diagram 7.1 to convert it
into a d.c. motor.

(i) State the modification that has to be done to the slip rings.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(ii) What component should replace the light bulb?

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows the cross-sectional view of the coil and magnet of the d.c. motor.

Diagram 7.2
In Diagram 7.2, draw the resultant magnetic field that causes the coil to rotate. Show
the direction of the force, F, that acts on the coil. [2 marks]
 (d) Further modifications need to be done to make the motor turn faster. State the
modifications and give a reason for your answers.
(i) The coil:

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Reason:

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]

(ii) The magnet:

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Reason:

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]

Question: [Problem Solving]

KLT11P2SBQ10(e) Diagram 10.4 shows a cross section of a moving coil microphone.

Diagram 10.4
When the diaphragm moves in response to sound, the attracted coil moves in the magnetic
field and generates a very small current in the wire of the coil.
Using an appropriate concept in physics, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways
to enable the microphone to detect sound more effectively and generate a bigger current
based on the following aspect:
(i) Thickness of diaphragm
(ii) Strength of the material for diaphragm
(iii) Number of turns of coil
(iv) Diameter of the wire of coil
(v) Strength of magnet [10 marks]
Structured Question:[Transformer]
MRSM11P2SAQ8 Diagram 8.1 shows an electricity transmission system from the power
station to the consumers.

Diagram 8.1
(a) What is the function of a transformer?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(b) Table 8 shows the characteristics of electricity transmission system models P, Q and
R.

Models P Q R
Number of turns of
100 3600 1200
the primary coil
Number of turns of
1200 1200 100
secondary coil
Type of transformer
Laminated soft iron Soft iron Laminated soft iron
core
Materials of
Constantan Aluminium Constantan
transmission wire

Table 8

(i) Number of turns of primary and secondary coils for Transformer X.

Primary coil: ……………………………………………………..

Secondary coil: ……………………………………………………..

Reason:

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(b) (ii) Type of core of the transformer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Reason:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]

(iii) Material of transmission wire

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Reason:

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

(iv) Based on your answer in (b)(i), (b)(ii) and (b)(iii), determine the most suitable
model for the electricity transmission system shown in Diagram 8.1.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 8.2 shows a transformer which changes the main supply from 240 V to 9 V.

Diagram 8.2
The electricity current in the primary coil, IP , and the secondary coil, IS , is 0.1 A and
0.2 A respectively.
(i) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.

[2 marks]

(ii) What is the power loss in the transformer?

[2 marks]
Question: [Problem solving]
PHG09P2SBQ10 During transmission and reception of electrical power, pylons such as shown in
Diagram 10.1 play an important role.

Based on your knowledge about transmission of electrical power and other related physics concept,
explain:
i. The characteristics of materials used to build the pylons.
ii. The design of the pylons
iii. The characteristics of the cable used in the electrical power transmission.

Structured Question:
KDH11P2SAQ5 Diagram 5.1 shows an electric circuit containing a solenoid.

When the current is switched on, the solenoid produces a magnetic field.
(a) What is the meaning of magnetic field?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(b) (i) In Diagram 5.2, draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying
solenoid. [2 marks]

(ii) State the polarity at the ends of X and Y of the solenoid.

X: ……………………………. Y: ………………………………. [1 mark]