Police Patrol Operations With Police Communication System

DEFINITION OF TERMS

30–300 Mhz – Is Intended For Short Distances Transmission.

Above 30 Mhz Or Within Very High Frequency (30–300mhz) – Is The Frequency Needed By The Police
Departments.

Aggressive Patrol Strategy - The Emphasis Of This Is On Positive, Target Oriented Activities Which
Includes Physical Security Inspection. This Is Effective If The Information Regarding Identifiable Crime
Trends Is Based On Crime Analysis.

Amplifiers – Increases The Intensity Of Oscillations While Retaining The Desired Frequency

Antenna – Receives The Electromagnetic Waves And Converts Them Into Electrical Oscillations

Area - A Section Or Territorial Division Of A Large City.

Automobile Patrol - It Is The Most Economical Type Of Patrol And Offers Tactical Ability When Used In
Numbers. It Is The Most Effective Means Of Transportation For Police Patrol.

Base Station - Radio Base Station Is Authorized Primarily To Intercommunicate With Its Radio Units, Foot
Patrols And Outpost And To Other Law Enforcement Radio Stations.

Beat - An Area Designed For Patrol Purposes, Whether Foot Or Motorized.

Bicycle Patrol - It Has Long Been A Part Of The Patrol Services Of Most Countries Throughout The World
Since The Bicycle Was First Developed Because Of Its Salient Features, It Has The Advantage Of Mobility
And Stealth. Inexpensive To Procure And Maintain Compare To Other Methods. It Can Cover Areas Not
Accessible By Motorcycle Or Patrol Cars. Biking Is A Good Form Of Exercise To Maintain Excellent
Physique And Good Health. It Is Effective In Combating Theft, Burglary, Vandalism In Residential Areas,
Parks And Shopping Malls. It Can Be Effectively Used By Plainclothes Officer While Conducting
Surveillance.

Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team - Team Tasked To Block/Pursue Fleeing Suspects/Vehicle

Called – For Service – Incidents, Requiring Immediate Police Action.

Canine (K-9) Patrol/ Dog Patrol - Egyptians Are The First To Used Dogs For Patrolling. Dogs Are Of Great
Assistance In Search And Rescue As Well As In Smelling Out Drugs And Bombs. A Dog Is Capable Of
Recognizing An Odor 10 Million Times Better Than A Human Can. Police Dogs Should Never Be Used To
Replace Police Officers. They Are Supplementary Forces That Can Aid The Officer In Better Performing His
Duty. A Single K-9 Team Was Able To Complete Building Searches Seven Times Faster Than Four Officers
Working Together Were To Search The Same Building.

Chronological Distribution – It Involves Consideration Of The Nature And Causes Of Crimes. They Should
Familiarize How Crimes Are Committed, When And Who Committed Them.

Clockwise Patrol Pattern - The Officer Walk From One Beat To Another Making Sure That He Stays On The
Left Side And At The Center Or Middle Portion Of Any Street Between Adjoining Beats. For Every Beat,
The Officer Calls The Station Until The Clockwise Patter Is Completed. Short Beats Well For Foot Patrol.
Rectangular/Square Size Of Beat. Done In The Start Of 8 Hours Tour Of Duty.

Close Circuit Television (Cctv) Patrol - It Is Basically Used For Traffic Control Which Originates In West
Germany. Television Cameras Are Mounted In A Weatherproof Housing. They Were Equipped With Zoom
Lens And Were Remotely Controlled By Operator Who Can Adjust Each Camera To 270 Degrees. It Makes
Possible To Pick Up The License Of Fleeing Automobiles.

Cloverleaf Pattern - A Highway Intersection Designed To Route Traffic Without Interference, By Means Of
A System Of Curving Ramps From One Level To Another, In The Form Of A Four (4) Leaf Clover.

Communication – It Is The Exchange Of Information Between People, E.G. By Means Of Speaking,

Writing, Or Using A Common System Of Signs Or Behavior.

Counter-Clockwise Patrol Pattern - The Reverse Of Clockwise Pattern With The Same Characteristic Of An
Area To Be Patrolled. Done In The Last Hour Of The 8 Hour Tour Of Duty. To Ensure Nothing Unusual Has
Happened To The Area Of Responsibility.
Crime Clock – It Signifies What Time Crime Is Often Or Frequently Committed.

Crime Map – Location Or Place Or Crime Prone Areas Wherein Crime Is Frequently Or Often Committed.

Crime Prevention – It Involves Recognition Of Crime Risk And Initiation Of Positive Action To Remove Or
Reduce Risk, Its Main Objective Is To Eliminate Or Reduce The Desire To Commit Crime.

Crime Suppression – It Is The Actual Prevention Of The Commission Of Crime.

Critical Time – It Is The Tine Between The Call Of Concerned Individual To The Police Regarding Crime
Incident And The Arrival At The Scene.

Demodulator – Detection Equipment For Demodulating

Detective Beat System - It Is One Of The Concrete Responses Of The Pnp In Reinventing The Field Of
Investigation. Its Purpose Is To Provide The Organizational And Operational Framework In Truly Effecting
Mechanisms Towards Enhancing The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of The Pnp’s Investigation Capability.
Detectives Are Charge With Total Investigation Responsibility.

Directed Deterrent Patrol - It Is A Patrol Strategy Differs From Traditional Patrol Methods Wherein Patrol
Officers Perform Specific Predetermined Preventive Functions On A Planned Systematic Basis

Dispatcher Personnel- In Communication Center Or Coordinating Center Charged With The Receiving
And Transmitting Messages.

District - A Geographical Subdivision Of A City For Patrol Purposes, Usually With Its Own Station.

District Orientation Tour – This Involves Familiarization Of Assigned Area For Patrolling Upon Arrival In
The Field.
Dragnet Operation - Police Operation Purposely To Seal-Off The Probable Exit Points Of Fleeing Suspects
From The Crime Scene To Prevent Their Escape.

Emergency Call – Requires The Use Of Flashing Lights And Siren Except When There Is An Attempt To
Surprise The Criminals In The Act.

Fixed Foot Patrol – It Usually Used For Traffic, Surveillance, Parades And Special Events.

Foot Patrol - Is Assigned To An Area Of Crowded Population Such As Downtown Area, Or Where There Is
Heavy Traffic Congestion And Assistance Of An Officer Is Needed To Help Eliminate Traffic Jam. Foot
Patrol Is The Most Expensive Type Of Patrol In Terms Of Human Resources And Most Departments Had
Reduced Their Foot Patrols To A Minimum Because Of This. It Is The Common And Best Known Methods
Of Patrol.

General Preparation – Attitude Is The First And Foremost Preparation Of Patrol Officer Since He Will Be
Dealing With Different Persons In The Society.

Geographical Distribution – It Involves Weighing Categories Of Incidents And Accounting The Number Of
Identifiable Hazards And Street Mileage.

Ground Wave – Is Radiated Energy That Touches Along The Surface Of The Earth

Hasty Checkpoint - It Is An Immediate Response To Block The Escape Of Lawless Elements From A Crime
Scene, And Is Also Established When Nearby Checkpoints Are Ignored Or During Hot Pursuit Operations.
It Is Set Up By Police Personnel Conducting Mobile Patrol On Board A Marked Police Vehicle, Or Those
Conducting Iso And Foot Patrol Operations Within The Vicinity/Periphery Of The National Or Provincial
Highways.

Hazard – It Refers To Any Person, Place, Thing, Situation, Or Condition Which, If Allowed To Exist May
Induce An Accident Or Cause The Commission Of A Crime.

Hazards: Deficient Visibility – Resulting From Inadequate Illumination Or Obstruction Of Views.

Hazards: Insecurity Of Premises – Created By The Absence Of Suitable Locks, Bars And Gratings.

Hazards: Presence Of Condition Of Things – Poorly Designed Roadways, Defects Or Obstructions In Public
Spaces And Presence Of Combustibles.

Hazards: Presence Of People – Crowd Offers Opportunities For Theft, Loss Of Persons Or Things, Fights
And Panics.

High Intensity Emergency Lighting Plan – It Refers To A Heavy Duty Light That Can Provide Two (2) Million
Candle Power Of Light.

High Risk Arrest - Actual Restraint Of Armed Persons Following A High-Risk Stop.

High Risk Stop - Actual Stopping Or Accosting Of Armed And Dangerous Person Or Persons, Aboard A
Vehicle Or On Foot, Including The Power To Use All Necessary And Legal Means To Accomplish Such End.

High Visibility Patrol - Its Objective Is To Increase The “Aura Of Police Omniprescence” In The Community
Which Can Reduce Certain Types Of Crimes. Another Concept Is The “Saturation Concept “Wherein
Selected High-Risk Crime In A Residential Area Of The City Is Saturated By Intensive Patrol Of Marked
Police Vehicles And Uniformed Policemen.

Horse Patrol - It Is One Of The Oldest Types Of Patrol Next To Walking. It Is Commonly Used To Wooden
Areas Which Horses Provided The Best Mobility In Those Areas. It Is Also Used In Large Park, Parade And
Crowd Control. Mounted Officers Can See Three Blocks More Than A Foot Patrol Officer.

Hot Pursuit (Cross Jurisdictional Pursuit) (Also Termed In The Us As Fresh Pursuit) - Immediate, Recent
Chase Or Follow-Up Without Material Interval For The Purpose Of Taking Into Custody Any Person
Wanted By Virtue Of A Warrant. One Who Is Suspected To Have Committed A Recent Offense While
Fleeing From One Police Jurisdictional Boundary To Another That Will Normally Require Prior Official
Inter-Unit Coordination But Which The Pursuing Unit Cannot, At That Moment, Comply Due To The
Urgency Of The Situation.

In – Field Preparation – This Is Made By Having Debriefing Conference With The Officer Who Is Being
Relieved And Who Has Just Spent The Previous Tour Of Duty.
Inspectional Service – Tending To Reduce Criminal Opportunity And Accidents.

Instrumentality - It Is The Means Used In Executing The Crime.

Interactive Patrol Strategy - The Emphasis Is On Police – Citizen Interaction Wherein Community Input Is
Sought In Resolving Patrol Problems.

Investigation Sub-Team - In Charge Of Investigation And Documentation Of Possible Incidents In The

Checkpoint To Include Issuance Of Traffic Citation Ticket (Tct) Or Traffic Violation Report (Tvr);

Line Beat Patrol – It Is Used In Securing Certain Portion Of The Road.

Low Visibility Patrol - In This Patrol Strategy The Primary Purpose Is No Longer Crime Prevention But
Crime Repression. The Objectives Are The Increase Number Of Arrest Engaged In Street Crime. Patrol
Officers Are In Plainclothes Patrol Or In Unmarked Vehicle Where Street Crimes Become High-Risk.

Marine/Boat/Bay Patrol - It Is A Specialized Form Of Police Patrol, It Is Likewise Expensive To Maintain. Its
Primary Goal Is To Control Smuggling In Any Community Near Water Necessitates The Use Of Water
Patrol.

Mobile Data Terminal – It Refers To A Computer That Is Installed Inside A Patrol Car Which Allows Patrol
Officer To Have An Access From The Headquarters Files And Other Law Enforcement Agencies Which Are
Used In Order To Expedite Their Operation.

Motorcycle Patrol - The Use Of Motorcycles Has Lost Ground To The Used Of Patrol Cars In Recent Years,
Their Need Of Congested Traffic Will Insure Their Continued Use As A Form Of Police Patrol. The Two-
Wheeled Motorcycle Is Quite Adaptable To Traffic Enforcement, Parades, And Escort Duty.

Motive - It Is The Basis Why The People Will Commit Crime Or It Is What Induces The People To Act.

Motor Patrol Distribution - Involves Determining The Need To Shift Motor Patrol Units Hour – By – Hour
At The Area According To Where And When Crime Mostly Likely To Occur.
Moving Foot Patrol – It Is Used When Then There Is Considerable Foot Movement Such As Business And
Shopping Center, Family Dwellings And The Like.

Opportunity - It Is The Physical Possibility That Criminals Could Have Executed The Crime Such As Acts Of
The Victim Which Enables The Suspect Executes The Crime And Existence Of Police Officer That Will
Deter The Commission Of The Crime.

Oscillation Generator – Converts Electrical Power Into Oscillations Of A Predetermined Radio Frequency

Oscillators – To Generate Radio Frequency That Can Be Mixed With Incoming Waves.

Pat-Down Search - Is A “Frisk” Or External Feeling Of The Outer Garments Of An Individual For Weapons
Only.

Patrol - The Word Patrol Was Derived From The French Word “Patrouiller” Which Means To Go Through
Paddles; To Travel On Foot.

Plainclothes - This Type Of Patrol Is Particularly Effective For “Saturation Coverage” Of High Crime Areas.
The Patrol Officer Should Dress To Fit The Occasion And Wear Whatever Clothing Is The Mode Of The
Day And Fits The Type Of Activity To Be Covered. It Provides Extra Coverage Without Alarming The
Occupants With A Usual Number Of Police Officer.

Police – Came From French Word Which Means Person Who Enforced The Law And It Was Later Adopted
By The English Language.

Police Checkpoint - It Is A Location Where The Search, Which Is Duly Authorized By The Pnp, Is
Conducted To Deter/Prevent The Commission Of Crimes, Enforce The Law, And For Other Legitimate
Purposes.

Police Communication- Technical Means Used Or Employed By The Police For The Effective And Efficient
Performance Of Their Missions Or Objectives. It Consist Telephone, Telegraph, Teletype, Radio And
Television Systems.
Police Community Precinct (Pcp) – It Is Headed By A Pco With A Rank Of Chief Inspector Or
Superintendent With A Minimum Of 30 Personnel Including The Commander Divided In 3 Shifts Of 8
Hours Duty.

Police Hazard - Anything That Possesses A High Potential For Criminal Attack That May Induce Incidents
Calling For Some Kind Of Police Action.

Police Hazards: Persons – It Includes Criminals, Alcoholics, Prostitutes, Juvenile Delinquents, Drug
Peddlers, Addicts, Gamblers And Insane Persons.

Police Hazards: Property – It Includes Piers, Warehouse, Unoccupied Dwelling, Gambling Joints, Banks,
Pawnshops, Drug Dens, And Gambling Dens.

Police Hazards: Places – It Includes Terminals, Demonstrations, Parks, Parades, Conventions, Political
Meetings, Lodging Houses, Schools, And Athletic Events.

Police Patrol - One Or More Police Officer Making Round In Order To Guard Or Inspect Property And To
Protect Lives Within A Designated Area.

Police Radio Operator- “Dispatcher”, “Coordinator”, Or “Voice Radio Operators”. Before A Policeman Or
Civilian Can Be Dispatchers, They Must Be Trained Formally Or By Job Training.

Police Service - This Are The Benevolent Services Performed By The Patrol Officers Like Mediate In Family
Quarrels, Render First Aid For Accident Victims, Dispersion Of Unlawful Assemblies And Get Relief
Assistance To Disaster Victims.

Police Visibility – It Is Not Just The Actual Presence Of The Policeman On The Beat It Involves The
Following: A. Physical Presence, B. Patrolling Scheme, C. Response Time

Polis - Came From Greek Word Which Means “City-State”.

Politeia - Came Greek Word Which Means “Government Of The City”.

Politia - Roman Word Which Means “Condition Of The State Or Government”.

Post - A Fixed Point Or Location To Which An Officer Is Assigned For Duty.

Pre-Determined Area - Specific Or Projected Spot Where The Armed And Dangerous Person Or Persons
Would Pass Or Likely To Pass And So Tactically Located As To Gain Calculated Advantage Against Said
Person Or Persons.

Pre – Patrol Operation – The Patrol Officer Should Be Armed With Knowledge And Equipment

Preventive Enforcement - Involves The Prevention Of Crime Through The Noticeable Presence Of Police
Vehicles And Personnel. Sir Robert Peel First Presented Preventive Enforcement As A Criminological
Philosophy. And This Had Been Regarded As The Soundest Of All Criminological Theories. “It Is Much
Easier To Patch A Crack In The Dike Than To Repair The Wall After It Has Broken An Ounce Of Prevention
Being Worth A Pound Of Cure”.

Preventive Patrol-The Objective Of This Patrol Is To Reduce Or Totally Prevent The Desire Of Human
Being To Commit Crime.

Proactive Patrol- Deployment Of Patrol Personnel In Their Respective Area Of Responsibility With
Definite Objectives.

Radio – Is A System Of Communication Using Electromagnetic Waves Propagated Through Space

Radio Transmitters – Generates Electrical Oscillations At A Radio Frequency Called The Carrier Frequency

Radio Waves- The Radio Or Electromagnetic Waves Travel As Fast As The Speed Of Light At 186,000 Miles
Per Second Or 300,000 Kilometers Per Second.

Random Foot Patrol – It Is Used In Checking Residential Buildings, Business Establishments, Dark Alley,
And Parking Lots.
Reactive Patrol- An Old Concept In Patrolling Wherein Officers And Units Drive Around Their Area Of
Responsibility Waiting For Something To Happen Or Waiting For A Call That They Will Respond.

Regular Post- Assigning Members To Its Regular Or Usual Post Usually Based On Seniority.

Response Time - It Refers To The Running Time Of The Dispatched Patrol Car From His Position Where
The Assignment Was Received And The Arrival At The Scene.

Route - The Length Of Street Or Streets, Designated For Patrol Purposes Also Referred To As Line Beat.

Routine Call – A Call Where Mobile Car Is Required To Observed The Traffic Laws And Does Not Normally
Used Flashing Lights And Siren While On Its Way To The Scene Of The Crime

Routine Patrol – Directed At Less Tangible Hazards, Such As Poor Lighted Areas, Business Section Etc

Search/Arresting Sub-Team - Designated To Conduct Search, Seizure And Arrest, If Necessary;

Sector - An Area Containing Two Or More Beats, Routes Or Posts.

Security Sub-Team - Tasked To Provide Security In The Checkpoint Area;

Selective Enforcement - It Is Proven To Be A Very Effective Technique In The Patrol Procedure. If A Certain
Area Is Subject To A High Crime Rate, The Patrol Cars Spend A Greater Part Of Their Patrolling Time In
That Area.

Shield And Truncheon - During The Confrontational Stage, Truncheon May Be Utilized Only To Push Back
Demonstrators And Not As An Instrument To Strike Individuals. However, When Demonstrators Become
Aggressive, Truncheon Shall Be The Principal Non-Lethal Weapon For Dispersal. In Such Situation, Cdm
Contingents Shall Nonetheless, Use The Same With Caution And Due Diligence To Avoid Unnecessary
Injury.

Shift/Post Rotation – It Is The Process Of Assigning Members Of Patrol Force From Post To Post.
Sky Wave – Is A Radiated Energy That Travels To The Ionosphere And Is Reflected Back To Earth.

Speaker – Converts The Impulses Into Sound Waves Audible By The Human Ear

Spokesperson - Tl Or Member Who Is Solely In Charge Of Communicating With The Motorists’ Subject
For Checkpoint;

Spot Check/Accosting - Is The Brief Stopping Of An Individual, Whether On Foot Or In A Vehicle, Based
On Reasonable Suspicion/Probable Cause, For The Purpose Of Determining The Individual’s Identity And
Resolving The Officer’s Suspicion Concerning Criminal Activity.

Spotter - Pnp Personnel Who Will Point/Profile Suspected Vehicle Subject For Checkpoint;

Station Desk – Serves As The 3 C’s Of Police Force: Communication, Coordinating Center/Command Post.

Stop And Frisk - A Patrol Officer Has The Right To Perform A Pat-Down Search If The Individual Has Been
Legitimately Stopped With Reasonable Suspicion. The Police Officer Has Reason To Believe That The
Individual Possesses Weapon/S On His Person And Poses A Threat To The Police Officer’s Or Another
Person’s Safety. In A Pat-Down Search, Officers Are Permitted Only To Feel The Outer Clothing Of The
Suspect. Police Officers May Not Place Their Hands Inside The Pockets Of The Subject’s Clothing Unless
They Feel An Object That Could Probably Be A Weapon And The Patrol Officer Does Not Insert His Hand
Inside The Pocket. Instead, It Is The Suspect Himself Who Produce From His Pocket, As Requested.

Stopping Zone - Strategic Predetermined Area Strongly Sealed Off, Barricaded And Occupied By Tactical
Forces In A Lawful Display Of Authority To Maintain Law And Order Or In Defensive Response To An Event
Of Criminal Nature Or Of Such Gravity That Occurred Or Likely To Occur Calling For A High Risk Stop Or
Arrest.

Straightway And Criss-Cross Patrol Pattern - Hazard Oriented Patrol. Easiest To Observe The Movement
Of The Patrol Officer. In Straightway Pattern, It Involves Patrolling The Length Of The Street, Therefore,
Movement Of Officer Is Easy To Observe. Crisscross Is Almost Similar With Zigzag. “In Any Patrol Pattern,
The Relieving Patrol Officer Shall Make His First Hourly Call Before Starting His Patrol Duty.”
Street/Interview Interrogation - It Is Different From Custodial Interrogation Therefore Reciting Of
Miranda Warning Is Not Applicable. In This Method The Patrol Officers Aggressively Investigate Crimes
That May Have Just Occurred, Are Occurring Or Are About To Occur. Through This Technique Person
Whose Answers Arouse Suspicion Of Criminal Involvement It Gives The Police A Probable Cause To Arrest
Him. This Technique Is Highly Visible A Deterrent Impact To Would –Be Criminals.

Target Oriented Patrol - It Is Patrol Strategy Which Is Directed Towards Specific Persons Or Places.

Team Leader (Tl) - Shall Lead And Take Responsibility In The Conduct Of Checkpoint Preferably An Officer
With The Rank Of At Least Police Inspector;

Team Policing System - It Is An Attempt To Integrate The Police And The Community Interest Into A
Working Relationship So As To Produce The Desired Objective Of Peace Keeping In The Community.
Originated In Aberdeen, Scotland. Team Of 5-10 Men Is Assigned According To Concentration Of Crimes
And Citizens-Calls For Police Service. Effective Police-Community Cooperation Is Critical To The Success
Of A Team Policing System. Public Assistance And Participation Must Be Solicited Actively.

Tear Gas - Tear Gas May Be Utilized To Break Up Formations Or Groupings Of Demonstrations Who
Continue To Be Aggressive And Refused To Disperse Despite Earlier Efforts.

Traffic Enforcement - Large Police Departments Have Traffic Divisions, But The Majorities Of The
Departments Are Small, And Have Only Patrol Division To Handle Traffic Enforcement.

Transducer – Converts The Information To Be Transmitted Into Varying Electrical Voltage Proportional To
Each Successive Instantaneous Intensity.

Undercover/Decoy Patrol - It Is Quite Different From Traditional Patrol Methods In That The Strategy Is To
Rely Heavily On Disguise, Deception, And Lying In Wait Rather Than High And Low Visibility Patrols
Techniques.

Urgent Call – The Responding Patrol Car Has To Observed The Traffic Laws Without Need Of Using
Flashing Lights And Siren But Proceed Directly To Its Destination Without Stopping Enroute Unless
Incident Of Far More Serious Occurs
Vehicle-Mounted Tv – It Refers To A Video Camera Which Is Attached And Installed In A Patrol Car With A
High-Resolution And Wide Angle Lens.

Vehicle Inspection – Involves Inspection Of Patrol Vehicles To Be Used Before Going Out Of Patrol.

Walking Beats – It Involved Determining Man Hours Needed To Cover The Streets And Alleys To Inspect
The Police Hazards Prevails Within The Aor.

Water Cannons - Water Cannons May Be Utilized When Demonstrators Become Unruly And Aggressive
Forcing Troops To Fall Back To Their Secondary Positions.

Wolves (Wireless Operational Link And Video Exploration System) – It Is The System Of Attaching
Miniature Camera And Transmitter To A Search Dog Which Makes The Dogs The Eyes And Ears Of His
Handler.

Zigzag/Free Wheeling Patrol Pattern - Done By Patrolling The Streets Within The Perimeter Of The Beat
Not At Random But With Definite Target Location Where He Knows His Presence Is Necessary. It Starts At
One Corner Of The Patrol Area And Work Your Way Diagonally Across It To The Opposite Corner.