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SAP - Etabs

Structural Analysis Program


Extended 3D Analysis of Buildings Systems

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By: DR. Ahmed M. EL-Kholy

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Lecturer
Department of Civil Eng..

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Fayoum U
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Ahmed M. EL-Kholy
Copyright
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1- Schedule

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2- SAP ??? Or Etabs ???
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3- Examples
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Important Brief
Introduction

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to

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Finite Element Method
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“FEM”
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Finite Element Analysis


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“FEA” ٣

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right click at any joint in SAP or ETABS
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SAP
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Structural Analysis Program
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Important Brief

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Introduction

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Area Sections
..Define… Section Properties…Area Sections…

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Design
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Sign Convention
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Accessing the Help


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Frame Sign Convention

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Positive Axial Force & Torque


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Parallel to axis 1 at face+1


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Frame Sign Convention

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Positive M3 & V2
Compresses face+2 Parallel to axis 2 at face+1
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Frame Sign Convention

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Positive M2 & V3

Compresses face+3 Parallel to axis 3 at face+1


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Shell Sign Convention

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Forces are per unit

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length

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Positive Stresses and In-Plane Forces


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Shell Sign Convention

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Moments are per

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unit length

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Positive M22 & Positive M33
Compress face+3
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Positive Bending Moments


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Default Colors of faces +3 & -3

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face 6 = face+3 = Red
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face 5 = face-3 = Pink


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Positive Bending Moments


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Degrees of Freedom
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..Analyze… Set Analysis Options
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Degrees of Freedom
..Analyze… Set Analysis Options

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Any space joint has 6 DOF

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Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz

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2D Frame XZ Plane √ ---- √ ---- √ ----
2D Frame XY Plane M √ √ ---- ---- ---- √
3D Frame √ √ √ √ √ √
3D Truss √ √ √ ---- ---- ----
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2D Truss XZ Plane √ ---- √ ---- ---- ----
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XY Slab (Vertical Loads) ---- ---- √ √ √ ----


XY Slab (Vertical & Horizontal Loads) √ √ √ √ √ √
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Load Patterns, Load Cases,

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Load Combinations

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..Define… Load Patterns…
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..Define… Load Cases…
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..Define… Load Combinations…
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?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…, Load Cases…, Load
Combinations

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Load Case Load Combination Load Pattern

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Static Load Cases

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OW Dead=OW+Flooring+Wall Weight A Load Pattern must
Liner or Non-Linear

Flooring Work=Dead+Live be created for every

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Wall Weight Ult=1.4Dead+1.6Live Static Load Case
M to enter
Live Follow Chapter 3
in ECP-RC the patterns
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……. (values & shapes) of
EQ-Static
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……. applied loads


Temperature ……. in the case
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……
EQ-Dynamic
…....
Buckling …... 31

Moving Load 31
?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…

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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases…

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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Flooring (modify/show
case)

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Research

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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..EQ Modeling…………

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EQ Modeling

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Static Response Spectrum Time History Analysis

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Se ag
Equivalent Static (8-3)
Sd=Se/R
(8-12)
Load Method M(8-2) (8-4)
(8-11) t
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Fb = [ Sd (T) λ / g ] W (8-13) (8-5)
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(8-14)
Fi = [ hi/Σh ] Fb T
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TB TC TD
EQX - EQY SPECX - SPECY
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Modal (modify/show case)

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M ≥3√n
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≥ 90%
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ECL 2012
item: 8-4-2-6
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Functions… Response Specturm…

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1

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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response
Spec..

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UBC: 9.81/R
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..Define…
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Functions…
Response Spectrum…
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response
Spec..

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..Define…
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Functions…
Response Spectrum…
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Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations…

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Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations… Envelope

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Dead + Live “envelope” Dead

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Live
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Ahmed M ELKholy 41
Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations… Absolute

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Dead

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Absolute (Dead)

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Absolute (Dead) + Dead “Linear”


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Steps of
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Building a SAP Model
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Steps of Building a SAP Model
1 Units Bottom Right Screen
2 New Model

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3 Available DOF Slide 29
Slide 31~42

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4 Define… Materials, Sections, Functions, L Patterns, L Cases, L Combinations
5 Draw the Structure & Assign Sections

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6 Assign Joint.. Restraints, Constraints, Springs

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7 Assign Frame.. Releases, End Offset, Intersection Points, Output Stations
8 Assign Area.. Springs M
9 Assign Joint Loads & Frame Loads & Area Loads
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10 Display.. Show Loads & Misc Assignments
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11 Run 4* Draw the Structure


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12 Check Warnings & Errors in the Log File


5* Define………….
13 Display… Show Deformed Shape Slide 8
5\* Assign Sections
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14 Read Deflections, Forces, Moments…. 44
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Step 2
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New Model …
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Step 3. New Model
..File… New Model…

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Cartesian & Cylindrical

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M Slide 27
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Step 4*

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Draw the Model …
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Drawing Tools
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools

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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools

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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools

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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
..View… Set 3D View...

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View Direction Angle options: Set these three angles to determine the

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orientation of the view. These angles can be thought of as describing the

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location of your eye, looking toward the origin

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Plan angle: Your location in the X-Y plane, where zero is on the positive X
axis, and 90 is on the positive Y axis
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Elevation angle: Your location above or below the X-Y plane, where zero is
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on the X-Y plane, and 90 is on the positive Z axis
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Aperture angle: A measure of how strong the perspective effect is, or how
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far away you are from the origin. Zero indicates that you are infinitely far
away, and all receding lines are parallel (no perspective). A value between
30 and 60 is usually adequate
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
Training Example

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3m

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Z
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4m 4m 52
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel

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Drawing a Joint

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Type Name X Y Z USER

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POINT 1 2 3 1 Y

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Drawing a Frame
Type M
Name XI YI ZI XJ YJ ZJ
LINE 1 3 5 0 7 5 0
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Drawing an Area
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Type Name NumPoints X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 X3 Y3 Z3 X4 Y4 Z4


AREA 1 4 3 5 0 5 5 0 4.6 8.9 0 1.1 7.2 0
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Ahmed M ELKholy 53
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel :: Training Example

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9m
7m

1 M 2
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1 5
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7m 2.5 m

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Joint Constraints

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..Define… Joint Constraints…
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..Assign… Joint Constraints…
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Joint Constraints
..Define/Assign… Joint Constraints..

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A Body Constraint causes all of its constrained joints

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Body to move together as a three-dimensional rigid body.
If a large number of these constraints must be created,

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consider using the weld constraint instead.

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A Diaphragm Constraint causes all of its constrained joints
to move together as a planar diaphragm that is rigid against
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Diaphragm membrane (in-plane) deformation.
This constraint can be used to model concrete floors .
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Weld if the Z axis is chosen, this constraint is equivalent to
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Plate a body constraint in the same coordinate system with


translations X and Y and rotation Z chosen.
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Rod
Equal
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Definition of
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Non Prismatic Section
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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic

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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic

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A linear variation in t2 for the rectangular shape

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would require eivar33=1

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A linear variation in t3 for the rectangular shape

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would require eivar33=3
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A linear variation in t3 for the I- shape would re
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The interpolation of the bending stiffness in the 1-


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2 plane, i22 × e1, is defined in the same manner


by the parameter eivar22 59

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Frame Intersection Point
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Cardinal Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point

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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point

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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point

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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point

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Cardinal Point

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Frame End Offset
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End Offset
..Assign..Frame..End Offset

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Examples
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Example 1
Truss-Frame
PD=2 t

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PW=0.3 t PL=1 t

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T2
1.5 1.0

T1

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D1 V2

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B1 B2 B3
0.24 t/m

0.15 t/m
M Steel 37
6m

All truss members are 2Ls 80x80x8


Z All frame members are HEA 360
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DL, LL, WLL, WLR
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X Special Names for chord, vertical & diagonal members


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10x2.00=20.00 m

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Example 2
RC-Beam

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DL 1.00 t/m DL 1.25 t/m
LL 0.50 t/m DL 3.0 t

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LL 0.40 t/m
Z LL 1.2 t 25 cm
2

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DL 3 t/m, LL 0.4 t/m

60 cm
3

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M 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.0
1 4 3.5 4.5
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Concrete Fcu=300 Kg/cm2


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Alive Model &


Output Stations
Ahmed M ELKholy 69
Modifiers
Example 3 Using Two different alternatives
Frame Verification

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Example 4 B
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Beam under Temperature

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Z 2”
2 Mater1

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X 3 E=29000 k/in2

3”
α=0.000065 /F

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10 inch

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Load Case 1: Increase 20 F
M 2
60 F
Load Case 2: Increase 2 F/inch along X-axis
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Load Case 3: Linear Increase 60 F on the top fiber


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Case1: Temperature=+20 (+ increase)


Case2: Define/Assign (Joint Patterns) Temperature=2X+10
Case3: Gradient22=+60/3=+20 (+ increase with local 2)
Ahmed M ELKholy 74
Example 4
Beam under Temperature

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Z Z

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A B
X X

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MCase A Case B
Load Case U F
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1 Ux=0.0013 Fx=-22.62
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2 Ux=0.00065 Fx=-11.31
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3 Uz=-0.0065 Fz=2.545

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Example 5 DL
Frame under different loads and temperatureLL
+Settlement + Inclined Support WL
Utemp

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NUTemp

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Sec. 3 Sec. 3

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30 cm DL 3.0 t
3m

30 cm 2

Sec. 2
30 cm

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2 LL 1.2 t
2

125 cm
90 cm
60 cm

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Sec. 2
4m

Sec. 1
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Sec. 2
Sec. 3
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Concrete Fcu=350 Kg/cm2


1m 3m 3m 3m 3m 2m
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Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support

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1-DL Case

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2-LL Case
3-WL Case

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4-Utemp Case :: Uniform Increase 20 C

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25 cm 25 cm
2 30 C
25 cm M 2 30 C
2 30 C

125 cm
90 cm
60 cm

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5-NUTemp Case:: Increase 30 C outside the frame


6-Settel Case:: Downward settlement of 1 cm at hinged support
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Example 5
Frame under different loads and temperature
+Settlement + Inclined Support

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Cartesian 2-2-1-20-8-…
Example 6 Cylindrical 2-41-1-14.5-4.5-… & Origin=P
Replicate Radial
Arch 3 t/m

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4m

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10

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M R2=102+(R-4)2
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X
20.00 m
P=(0,-2.5,0) 79
Example 6
Arch

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Horizontal Projection Load

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Example 6
Arch

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Example 7
Prestress Beam – Using Tendon Element

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Uz=0.165 inch & M=2004 Kip


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Flat Slab
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Example
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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives

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H/2

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H
H/2

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Flat Slab Example
Minimum Dimensions

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1. ts=15 cm.

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2. ts=L/32 for edge spans.

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3. ts=L/36 for internal spans.

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4. bc=1/20 span.
5. bc=30 cm.
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6. bc=1/15 floor height.
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7. Edge beam depth ≥ 3ts


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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives

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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives

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Flat Slab Example
AutoCAD DXF

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1. Choose carefully & fix (0,0) point in CAD & SAP

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2. Mesh 0.25x0.25 ~ 1.0x1.0 m2

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3. Align the mesh at the beams lines, building edges

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and lines separating different loads areas.

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4. A t least one joint must exist in the column C.G.
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5. Large columns may be represented by more joints.
6. Avoid triangle and irregular elements shapes as
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much as possible
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7. Delete the openings.


8. Apply the rules given in slides 4~6 and 19~20.
9. Draw Slabs in CAD & (Col, beams, SW) in SAP 88
Flat Slab Example
Input

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1. Fcu=300 Kg/cm2
2. Slab 22 cm “Isotropic == Material angle=0”

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3. Beam B25X70

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4. Patterns: OW, Flooring, Wall& LL
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5. Cases: Patterns & DL
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6. Combinations: Work & Ultimate
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7. Flooring=250 Kg/m2 & Walls=350 Kg/m2


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Flat Slab Example
Material Angle

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Flat Slab Example
Input

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Grid 9,10,1

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X Spacing

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1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82

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Y Spacing
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
Ahmed M ELKholy 91
Flat Slab Example
Reactions

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Display… Show Forces… Joints

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Display … Show Tables..

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Flat Slab Example
RFT

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Flat Slab Example
RFT

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Flat Slab Example
RFT Details

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Flat Slab Example
RFT Details

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Flat Slab Example
Development Length & Embedment Length

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1. Item 4-2-5-1 ECP RC Structures

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2. Ld ≥ Ld+0.3d from critical section (Column Face

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for –M and mid span for +M)
3. Le ≥ d & Le ≥ 0.3d+10Φ

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Check Punching M
q=Qβ/b0d (6-25) ≤ Eq. (4-32-a & 4-32-b & 4-33)
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1.
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2. β=1.15 for internal columns


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3. β=1.30 for edge columns


4. β=1.50 for corner columns
97
Flat Slab Example
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1

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1. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/250

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2. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/480 “non structural elements likely to be

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damaged by large deflection”
3. ΔL ≤ L/360

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4. L? M
5. Δ : from SAP or ∫MM/EI
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6. Ie must be used for estimating Δ
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7. Ie= (Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Ic
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8. SAP modifier= Ie/Ig

98
Project No. Date

DESIGN CALCULATION
Flat Slab Example SHEET Sheet No.
of --
Computed by
Batool
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1
Subject
Checked by Approved by

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Building

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Calculation of Deflection According to ACI 318M-05

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Concrete Compressive Strength (f'c) = 300.00 Kg/cm2 = 30.00 MPa
Concrete Modulus of Rupture (fr) = 3.40 MPa (Eq. 9-9)
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity (Ec) = 2.6E+04 MPa (Clause 8.5.1)

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n (Es/Ec) = 7.77 (Clause 8.5.2)
Section Properties

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Thickness of Section (t) = 32.00 cm Depth of Ten. Reinforcement (d) = 32.00 cm
Breadth of Section (b) = 100.00 cm Depth of Comp. Reinforcement (d') = 3.00 cm
Tension Reinforcement (As) = 14.00 cm2 Compression Reinforcement (As') = 8.00 cm2
Span (l)
Nutral Axis Depth (z)
Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
M
=
=
=
10.00 m
7.06 cm
273066.67 cm4 = 2.73E+09 4
mm
Cracked Moment of Inertial (Icr) 80276.33 cm4 = 8.03E+08
ed
= mm
4

Cracking Moment (Mcr) = 5.80E+07 N mm = 5.80 m. t (Eq. 9-8)


hm

Service Straining Actions


Bending Moment Due to Dead Load only (Md) = 5.40 m.t = 5.4E+07 N. mm
Bending Moment Due to Live Load only (Ml) = 2.66 m.t = 2.7E+07 N. mm
A

% of Sustained Load from the Live Load = 50%


% of Gross Inertia Used in Calculation = 100%
Bending Moment Due to Sustained Load (Msus) = 6.73 m.t = 6.7E+07 N. mm
Calculated Short Time Deflection (Calculated by total or percentage of gross moment of inertia)
Deflection due to Dead Load (Δi)d = 0.3000 cm = 3.000 mm
Deflection due to Live Load (Δi)l = 0.1700 cm = 1.700 mm 99
Flat Slab Example
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1

y
Efffective Moment of Inertia (Eq. 9-7)

hol
Under Dead Load Only (Ie)d = 273066.67 cm 4 = 2.73E+09 mm 4

Under Sustained Load (Ie)sus = 203400.45 cm4 = 2.03E+09 mm4

K
Under Dead + Live Load (Ie)d+l = 151953.891 cm4 = 1.52E+09 mm4
Modified Short time Deflection
Deflection due to Dead Load (Δi)d = 0.3000 cm

L-
Deflection due to Sustained Load (Δi)sus = 0.5169 cm
Deflection due to Dead + Live Load (Δi)d+l = 0.8446 cm
Deflection due to Live Load (Δi)l = 0.5446 cm

.E
Additional Long Term Deflection (Clause 9.5.2.5)
For 5 years or more (Δlong) = 0.91887 cm For 12 months (Δlong) = 0.64321 cm
For 6 months (Δlong) = 0.55132 cm
M For 3 months (Δlong) = 0.45944 cm

Results
-- Flat roofs not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large defelections:
ed
(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/180 = 5.5556 cm
hm

-- Floors not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections:
(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/360 = 2.7778 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by
A

large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/480 = 2.08333 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements not likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/240 = 4.1667 cm
100
Flat Slab Example
Reactions Slide 88 & Constraint Column Joints

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K
Reactions Slide 88

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Constraint Column Joints
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A

101
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Complex Model

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Add to Model
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from Template
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A

١٠٢

102
Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…

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K
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103
Define, S-Doom
Complex Examples R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Origin 10.181, 12.586
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…

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104
Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…

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105
R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Complex Examples Origin 10.215, 7.527

…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…

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Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…

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K
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.E
Slab edge must be aligned with
M doom bottom edge
at their intersection
ed
in DXF stage
hm
A

107
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Tanks
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M
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A

١٠٨

Ahmed M ELKholy 108


Tanks
…Problem

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Bearing

K
Capacity
=1.0 Kg/cm2

L-
=10.0 ton/m2

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M
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A

Y Z
X

109
Tanks
…Model

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Grid
Quick Area
2

K
2

L-
2

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6 5 Areas
4 M
3
ed
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A

Assign… Area .. Reverse local 3


+3 face out
110
Tanks
…Model 0.5x0.5 m2

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Edit… Edit Areas…

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Divide Areas …

L-
(0.5x0.5 m2)

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M
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111
Tanks
Define..J Patterns, ..Assign…Joint Patterns

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hol
K
Define

L-
Joint Patterns

.E
Assign M
Joint Patterns
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hm
A

Water Pressure=3-(1)Z
112
Tanks
Assign… Area Loads… Surface Pressure

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K
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A

Ahmed M ELKholy 113


Tanks
Display… Show Loads…Area…Contours

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114
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs

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Alternative 1:: Area Springs

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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2)

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115
2
Edge Joints
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs

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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0. 5X0.25

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Alternative 2:: Joint Springs

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L-
1 3

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M 100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.25X0.25
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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.5X0.5
hm
A

All Base Joints Corner Joints 116


Tanks
Run….Unstable!!

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A

Four corner points to get


symmetric deformed shape 117
Tanks
Deformed Shape

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Uz
M
Uy
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A

Ux 118
Tanks
Spring Forces

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119
Tanks
Moments & RFT

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Base RFT, M11 & M22

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120
M11 Horizontal RFT M22 Vertical RFT
Tanks
Check Bearing Capcity

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121
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RAFT
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١٢٢

Ahmed M ELKholy 122


DL+LL Column Loads are given in blue
RAFT
…Problem EQ Core Moments are given in Red
70 t

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Patterns 160 t

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160 t
SDL 230 t 480 t
160 t

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300 t
SEX 130 t
110 t
70 t 360 ton 290 t
SEY

L-
410 t
Mx=My=1100 mt 400 t 60 t
Cases 110 t 290 t 410 ton

.E
Mx=My=1100 mt 140 t
Patterns+ 190 t
M140 t
SEXN 140 t
SEYN 200 t 240 t
100 t 200 t 280 t
ed
Bearing 60 t 180 t
hm
A

Capacity 130 t
85 t
=2.0 Kg/cm2 t=110 cm
=20.0 ton/m2 Fcu=300 Kg/cm2 123
RAFT
…Patterns, Cases, Combinations, Design M

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Patterns

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SDL

K
SEX
SEY Design

L-
SDL
Cases

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SDLEX
Patterns+ SDLEXN
SEXN
M SDLEY
SEYN SDLEYN
ed
hm

Combinations
SDLEX
A

SDLEXN
SDLEY
SDLEYN 124
Patterns
RAFT SDL
…Loads SEX
SEY

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K
SEX

L-
Load SEX & SEY will be

.E
explained in the lecture
M
ed
SDL
hm
A

SEY
125
Flat Assignment Due
Wednesday 18 Sep

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hol
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L-
Raft Assignment Due
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Thursday 19 Sep
M
ed
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Etabs Assignment Due


A

Sunday 22 Sep ١٢٦

126
y
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Brief Introduction

K
L-
to
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M
ECL 2012
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A

Ahmed M ELKholy 127


Code ECL 2012

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..

K
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M
…..
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…….
A

128
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١٢٩
129
Ahmed M ELKholy
Etabs
DXF
1. Prepare DXF for different floors in Autocad as

y
shown in the given practice in lecture.

hol
K
1. Try to avoid triangle and irregular elements shapes

L-
as much as possible

.E
2. Choose carefully & fix (0,0) point in Cad & Etabs
3. The mesh should be applicable for continuity of
M
the columns and shear walls in all floors
ed
4. Check your mesh in Cad many times before
hm

working on Etabs
A

5. Delete any thing on layer 0


6. Draw Slabs in Cad & (Col, beams, SW) in Etabs
130
Etabs
DXF
7. Large Columns supporting spaced parallel beams

y
hol
may be modeled using area elements.

K
8. Two alternatives to model the retaining wall.

L-
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131
2-Units

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K
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Ton-m
132
Grid 9,10
X Spacing
3- New,… edb 1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82

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hol
Y Spacing

K
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44

L-
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M
ed
4- Grid, Axes, Story data according your project
hm
A

Master story & similar stories (F2 is master)

١٣٣

133
5- Etabs Commands & Icons

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K
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5- Options-Window-Change the windows number if
M
you want
ed
hm

One story
A

Similar stories
All
١٣٤

134
5- Etabs Commands & Icons

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١٣٥

135
7- Define Design Data and Material (Slab,
Columns, Core..)
7- Design data (Options-Preferences-Concrete Frame

y
hol
Design)

K
8- Material properties (Define-Material Properties-

L-
Concrete 350) according the considered code

.E
M
ed
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A

136
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections

y
hol
9- beams…. Define-Frame sections (Add

K
Rectangular) .. Make C30x100, C40x90, B25x60,

L-
B12x60

.E
9- slabs…. Define-Wall/Slab/..sections (Add slab, add
M
wall) Make W30, W40, Slb20, Slb22 according the
ed
considered code
hm
A

137
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections

y
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Columns Modifier Ieff=0.7Ig

K
Shear Walls Ieff=(0.70) or 0.50Ig (2008) 0.35Ig(2012)

L-
Beams Ieff=0.5Ig (0.35Ig ACI)

.E
Slabs Ieff=0.25Ig
Chapter 6 in Egyptian RC Code– Ch 8 Egy Code loads
M
ed
These modifier for M1,M2,M12
hm
A

138
10- Import your DXF floors
File-Import-DXF floor plan

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139
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻮدل ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻣﺴﺢ اي ﺷﻰء ﻋﻠﻰ ‪layer 0‬‬
‫ﺣﺪد ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ ‪Cad & Etabs‬‬

‫‪y‬‬
‫‪hol‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪L-‬‬
‫‪.E‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪ed‬‬
‫‪hm‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫‪140‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮدل ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ و ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻰ‬

y
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K
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M
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A

11-Select slabs then, Assign-Shell/Area-Wall/Slab


Section-Slb22 141
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross

y
hol
sections in Etabs

K
L-
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M
ed
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A

142
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross

y
hol
sections in Etabs

K
L-
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M
ed
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A

143
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross

y
hol
sections in Etabs

K
L-
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M
ed
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A

144
13- Fix the base points
Select the base points and then, Assign-joints-

y
hol
restraints and choose fixed

K
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A

145
14- Define Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Define-diaphragm-D1,D2,D3,D4…..D10

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A

١٤٦

146
14- Assign Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Select-by story- strory2

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Assign-Shell-D2

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A

147
After assigning all diaphrams

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148
15- Mesh Shear Wall Areas D, L, Equivalent Static EQ
16- Define Static Load Cases ,…Temp, H, Wind, Snow

17-Define Response Spectrum Functions Only for

y
Spectra Method

hol
18-Define Response Spectrum Cases

K
19-Define Load Combinations ??Spectra or not?
20-Assign Loads …D, L, … Retaining Wall !!..

L-
Scale level
21- P-delta Effect/Dynamic Analysis

.E
22- Define Mass source Scale 26- If Spectra Method is utilized,
23- Assign Piers
M the Base Shear of Spectra Method
to the 0.85 Base Shear of Equivalent Static.
…ECL2012 P141
ed
24- Check model 27- Re-Run & Check Log File…
hm

25- Run Analysis & Check Log File


A

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
28- Checks: Mass Ratio, Drift, Overturning & Sliding
29- Read Straining Actions
15-Mesh (Vertically) Shear Wall Areas
..Two Alternatives 1- Bad Alternative
Edit… Mesh Areas ….

y
hol
2-Better Alternative

K
Assign…Shell/Area…

L-
Area Object Mesh Options

.E
meshed
Correct
M
ed
Not
meshed meshed
hm

Wrong Correct
A

meshed
Correct
150
16-Static Load Cases
..Define..Static Load Cases
Auto Lateral
Load Type SWM Comment
Loads

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1 OW Dead 1 Own Wight

K
2 SID Dead 0 Flooring+Walls+….

L-
3 LN Live 0 ψ=0.25, Table 8-7

.E
4 LG Live 0 ψ=0.5, Table 8-7

5 LGT Live
M
0 ψ=1.0, Table 8-7
ed
6 EXA Quake 0 User Loads +X dir & Ecc=+0.05
hm

7 EXB Quake 0 User Loads +X dir & Ecc=-0.05


A

8 EYA Quake 0 User Loads +Y dir & Ecc=+0.05

9 EYB Quake 0 User Loads +Y dir & Ecc=-0.05


151
19-Load Combinations..Define..Load Combinations
Combination Equation Comment Equ
1 SD OW+SID Service Dead (Deflection)

Static Load Combinations


2 SL LN+LG+LGT Serivce Live (Deflection)

y
3 SDL OW+SID+LN+LG+LGT Serivce Dead+Live

hol
4 UD 0.9OW+0.9SID Ultimated Dead
5 UDL 1.4(OW+SID)+1.6(LN+LG+LGT) Ultimated Dead+Live

-K
6 UDLEXA 1.12SD+α SL+EXA Ultimate Dead+Live+EX+ECC
7 UDLEXAN 1.12SD+α SL-EXA Ultimate Dead+Live-EX+ECC
(3-5)

L
8 UDLEXB 1.12SD+α SL+EXB Ultimate Dead+Live+EX-ECC
9 UDLEXBN 1.12SD+α SL-EXB Ultimate Dead+Live-EX-ECC

.E
10 UDLEYA 1.12SD+α SL+EYA Ultimate Dead+Live+EY+ECC
11 UDLEYAN 1.12SD+α SL-EYA Ultimate Dead+Live-EY+ECC
12 UDLEYB
M
1.12SD+α SL+EYB Ultimate Dead+Live+EY-ECC
(3-5)

13 UDLEYBN 1.12SD+α SL-EYB Ultimate Dead+Live-EY-ECC


ed
14 UDEXA 0.9SD+EXA Ultimate Dead+EX+ECC
hm

15 UDEXAN 0.9SD-EXA Ultimate Dead-EX+ECC


(3-9)
16 UDEXB 0.9SD+EXB Ultimate Dead+EX-ECC
A

17 UDEXBN 0.9SD-EXB Ultimate Dead-EX-ECC


18 UDEYA 0.9SD+EYA Ultimate Dead+EY+ECC
19 UDEYAN 0.9SD-EYA Ultimate Dead-EY+ECC
(3-9)
20 UDEYB 0.9SD+EYB Ultimate Dead+EY-ECC
21 UDEYBN 0.9SD-EYB Ahmed M ELKholy Ultimate Dead-EY-ECC 152
19-Load Combinations
…Define..Load Combinations

y
hol
Combination Equation Comment Equ

K
22 UDLSpecX 1.12SD+α SL+SpecX Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecX+ECC (3-5)
23 UDLSpecY 1.12SD+α SL+SpecY Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecY+ECC (3-5)

L-
24 UDSpecX 0.9SD+SpecY Ultimate Dead+SpecX+ECC (3-9)
25 UDSpecY 0.9SD+SpecY Ultimate Dead+SpecY+ECC (3-9)

.E
Dynamic Load Combinations
M
ed
hm
A

153
21- Dynamic & P-Δ Parameters
…Analyze..Set Analysis Options..

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hol
K
L-
.E
M
ed
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A

154
22- Mass Source
…Define..Mass Source..

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K
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M
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A

155
24- Check Model
…Analyze..Check Model..

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K
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A

156
25- Run …Check log file
…Analyze.. Run..//// …File..Last Analysis log File

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K
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A

157
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method

y
hol
K
L-
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M
ed
hm
A

Vdynamic
158
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method

y
hol
K
L-
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M
Vstatic
ed
hm
A

Must be equal to Base


Shear estimated manually
Ahmed M ELKholy 159
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method

y
hol
K
L-
Scale Factor SpecX= Scale Factor SpecX

.E
M 0.85 Vstatic X
*
ed
Vdynamic X
hm
A

Ahmed M ELKholy 160


26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method

y
hol
Scale Factor SpecY= Scale Factor SpecY

K
0.85 Vstatic Y

L-
*
.E
M Vdynamic Y
ed
hm

Re-Run
!!!
A

Check Log File


Check Base Shear
161
28- Check Mass Participating Ratios

y
hol
K
L-
.E
M
ed
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Item 8-7-3-3-1-5
A

ECL 2012
≥ 90%
162
UDLSpecX Item 8-8-3-1-a
28- Check Drifts UDLSpecY ECL 2012
≤ 0.005

y
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K
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A

163
28- Check Sliding, Overturning

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A

164
23 & 29- Assign Piers, Read Results

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Select Every Column and Assign…Frame….Pier Label

K
L-
Select Every Wall and Assign…Area….Pier Label

.E
M
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A

165

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