Introduction:

Conventional cooling systems such as those used in refrigerators utilize a compressor and a working fluid
to transfer heat. Thermal energy is absorbed and released as the working Fluid undergoes expansion and
compression and changes phase from liquid to vapor and back, respectively. Semiconductor
thermoelectric coolers (also known as Peltier coolers) offer Several advantages over conventional
systems. They are entirely solid-state devices, with no moving parts; this makes them rugged, reliable,
and quiet. They use no ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, potentially offering a more environmentally
responsible alternative to conventional refrigeration. They can be extremely compact, much more so than
compressor-based systems. Precise temperature control (< ± 0.1 °C) can be achieved with Peltier coolers.
However, their efficiency is low compared to conventional refrigerators. Thus, they are used in niche
applications where their unique advantages outweigh their low efficiency. Although some large-scale
applications have been considered (on submarines and surface vessels), Peltier coolers are generally used
in applications where small size is needed and the cooling demands are not too great, such as for cooling
electronic components.

Objectives:

1. To development and construction of refrigeration system by using peltier module.

Methodology:

Components :

3.1 Peltier Module (TEC1-12706) :

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types
of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which
transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the
direction of the current. Such an instrument is also called a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid state
refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler (TEC).
 Figure 3.1: Thermoelectric Cooler ( TEC1-12706)

3.2 Power Supply (12 volt 5 Amp) :

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters.

Figure 3.2 : Power Supply (12 Volt 5 Amp)

3.3 Cooler Fan :

A mechanical fan is a powered machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such
as air. A fan consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades which act on the air. The
rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, a rotor, or a runner.

Figure 3.3: Cooling Fan

3.4 Heat Sink:

A heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a
mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away
from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature at optimal levels.

Figure 3.4 : Heat Sink

3.5 Indicator Led:

Incandescent panel indicator lights are a common type. Increasingly, LED indicator lights are
being used in panel mount indicator lights.

Figure 3.5: Indicator Led

3.6 Aluminum Foil Paper:

Aluminum foil (or aluminum foil), often referred to with the misnomer tin foil,
is aluminum prepared in thin metal leaves with a thickness less than 0.2 mm (7.9 mils); thinner
gauges down to 6 micrometers (0.24 mils) are also commonly used.

Figure 3.6: Aluminum Foil Paper

3.7 Switch:

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break"

an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

Figure 3.7: Switch

3.8 Digital Thermometer:

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient.

Figure 3.8: Digital Thermometer

Procedure:

Firstly we cut the corksheet with exact size, for the framework of the refrigerator. Attach the cut pieces
with glue so that its looks like a refrigerator. Then wrap the foil paper around the structure so that the
temperature cannot enter or exit. It is built using a Peltier Thermoelectric cooler module which is a
ceramic plate but with many p and n-type semiconductors placed in series inside When powered, it acts as
a heat pump where one side becomes extremely cold and the other extremely hot. To make use of the
cooling a heat sink will need to be put on the hot side to dissipate the heat which is being removed from
the “cold” side. When this is done, extremely cold temperatures can be reached. When running at 12V
and 3.5A, although it could go colder with more heat dissipation on the hot side and a more powerful
Peltier cooler module. With the heat sinks mounted (be sure to use thermal paste!) and a suitable
polystyrene enclosure chosen, everything fit together perfectly and worked great. To control temperature
a temperature controller is using in this project. It is powered by the 12V supply and the relay output
switches the Peltier cooler module and fans, and can maintain the temperature quite well. Its thermistor
probe is located inside the cool box for reading the temperature. We powered it using a power supply ,
for the 12V output. The fridge draws around 3.5A when the Peltier module is on temperature .

Result and Discussion:

Calculation:
𝑇1= 18+273=291 𝐾

𝑇2=34+273=307 𝐾

1 𝑇
COP= (𝑇 −𝑇
2) 1

291
COP= 307−291

COP= 18.19

Conclusion:

This project worked out great, although many Peltier fridge projects fail as they don’t end up reaching the
desired temperature. A common problem is not having proper insulation or the enclosure being too big for
the size of Peltier module they are using. Don’t oversize it — unfortunately this system will never be as
efficient as a standard refrigeration system with a compressor, etc. however it is very cheap and easy to
build, as well as near silent.