10/23/2017

Ishik University / Sulaimani

Civil Engineering Department

SURVEYING 1
CE 215

CHAPTER -2-
EXAMPLES and PROBLEMS

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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CONTENTS
1) Permanent Adjustment of Level
1.1) Example 4.1
1.2) Assignment 4.1
2) Tape Corrections
2.1) Example 4.2
2.2) Example 4.3
2.3) Example 4.4
2.4) Example 4.5
2.5) Assignment 4.2
2.6) Example 4.6
2.7) Example 4.7
2.8) Example 4.8
Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed
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1) Permanent Adjustment of Level

Example 4.1
Staff Readings
Level A B ∆.h. Remark
C 1.579 1.506 0.073 C-A= 30m, C-B= 30m
D 1.263 1.258 0.005 D-A= 70m, D-B= 10m

∆h1= R2 - R1, ∆h1= 1.506 - 1.579 = 0.073

∆h2= R4 - R3, ∆h2= 1.258 - 1.263 = 0.005
∆h.= ∆.h2 - ∆.h1, ∆h.= 0.005 - 0.073 = -0.068
∆h. = 60m x= ∆h / 60
x = 1m x= -0.068 /60 x=-0.001133 m
∆h. new = x = -0.001133 m
Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed
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13 mm is bigger than 5 mm, thus needs correction;

R3 new= R3 – 70*e, R3 new= 1.263 – 70*(-0.001133),

R3 new= 1.34231
R4 new= R4– 10*e, R4 new= 1.258 – 10*(-0.001133),
R4 new= 1.26933
∆h2 new = R3 new – R4 new
=1.34231 - 1.26933
= 0.07298

= 0.073

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Assignment 4.1

For the following readings find the error then make

correction for each error.

R3=0.621 m

R4=1.014 m
R1=0.290 m R2=0.419 m

A 40 m C 40 m B 20 m D

Setup 1 Setup 2

2) Tape Corrections
1.Erroneous or Incorrect 2.Temperature 3.Tension
Tape Length Corrections Corrections (pull)
(Absolute Length) Corrections

Ca=(C/l)*L

Ca=(l-l’/l)*L

4.Sag Corrections 5.Slope Corrections

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Table 4.1

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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5.Slope Corrections

If the length L is measured on the slope as shown in Fig. below, it must be

reduced to its horizontal equivalent L cos θ. The required slope correction is

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.2

You must lay out two points that are exactly 100.000 m apart.
Field conditions indicate that standard conditions apply except
the measured temperature is 27ºC. Determine the distance to
be laid out.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.3

A 30-m tape is used with a 100N force instead of the standard

tension of 50N. If the x-section area of the tape is 1.8 mm2,
what is the tension error per tape length?

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.4

A measurement of 171.278 m was recorded with a 30-m tape

that was only 29.996 m long under standard conditions. What is
the corrected measurement?

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.5
A 50-m tape weighs 2kg and is supported at its end points and at the
8-m and 25-m marks. If a pulls of 6 kg is applied, determine the:
a) Correction due to sag between the 0-m and 8-m marks, the 8-m and
25-m marks, and the 25-m and 50-m marks.
b) Correction due to sag for one tape length, and
c) Correct distance between the ends of the tape.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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ANS;

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Assignment 4.2
A 30-m tape is supported only at its ends and under a
steady pull of 8 kg. If the tape weighs 0.91 kg,
determine the sag correction and the correct distance
between the ends of the tape.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.6

A line AB between the stations A and B was measured as

348.28 using a 20 m tape, too short by 0.05 m. Determine
a. The correct length of AB,
b. The reduced horizontal length of AB if AB lay on a
slope of 1 in 25,
c. The reading required to produce a horizontal distance
of 22.86 m between two pegs, one being 0.56 m above the
other.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Solution;

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.7
A tape of standard length 20 m at 85°F was used to measure a
base line. The measured distance was 882.50 m. The following
being the slopes for the various segments of the line:
Calculate the true length of the line if the mean temperature
during measurement was 63°F and the coefficient of thermal
expansion of the tape material is 6.5 × 10–6 per °F.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Solution;

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Example 4.8
A base line was measured by tape suspended in catenary under a pull of
145 N, the mean temperature being 14°C. The lengths of various segments
of the tape and the difference in level of the two ends of a segment are
given in Table.
If the tape was standardized on the flat under a pull of 95 N at 18°C
determine the correct length of the line. Take ;
Cross-sectional area of the tape = 3.35 mm2
Mass of the tape = 0.025 kg/m
Coefficient of linear expansion = 0.9 × 10–6 per °C
Young’s modulus = 14.8 × 104 MN/m2

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed 20

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Solution;

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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= -0.0056

Corrected Length =119.631-0.0056

=119.6254 m

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed

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