Remote Terminal Unit

The Remote Terminal Unit, RTU, connects the process with the SCADA system. The RTU
information picture RTU1501 displays any status, controlling and supervision of one RTU.

It is possible to take an RTU in/out of service from the RTU information picture. If an RTU is
taken out of service, the data acquisition from it is suspended and the signals concerned are
marked as not updated in the central database. The change is logged in the event list of the
control system.

Color District Coloring

A power system can be divided into color districts. These different color districts can be
assigned to, for example, different operators and can be said to represent different
geographical districts in a power network.

These color districts are displayed with different colors. Branch objects such as lines and
transformers can be marked as 'color borders'. This defines that they are boundaries
between neighboring color districts. By default, open switches are also boundaries for the
color districts.

Hence, two objects of the power system belong to the same color district if they are
electrically connected and there are no 'color border' objects connected between them.

However in case all transformers are marked as 'color border' objects and no lines are
marked, then the color district is identical to the network district.

Color Table
different colors and prefixes are used in the SCADA system:

Prefix
Color Description
Measurand
Red A Alarm
Yellow W Warning
Brown (#) Command blocked
Off-White Pending command
Light
green Updated values (Normal telemetred values)

Dark Information of backround nature (spare points)

green
Magenta < Not updated values. May occur when the connection with a Remote
 Terminal Unit is lost.
D
Deactivated
Violet | Alarm processing blocked
Grey Grounded object
Cyan M Manually entered, measured value or indication
Light
Beige Historical values, alphanumeric data

Dark Lead text (fixed text)

Beige
White Selected object

Dynamic Network Coloring (DNC)

The Dynamic Network Coloring function shows, in form of colors, the state of the objects in
the power system, the flow conditions of these objects as well as the actual connectivity.
DNC stores this color information in the database. The human machin interface (HMI) gets
the relevant information directly from the database, according to the selected DNC mode,
which the user can select with the dynamic coloring mode dialog function.

Whenever there is a switch indication change or a user requested change of a DNC

parameter, the color information is recalculated, updated in the database and the affected
picture is refreshed.

With the DNC, function equipment is colored in the same color in different pictures.
Equipment symbols that may be colored are power lines, transformers, loads, busbars,
generators, synchronous compensators, shunt compensators, series compensators and
substations.

Earth Fault Localization Coloring (EFL)

The Earth Fault Localization has to find the domain in an electrical network where the earth
fault is located. The located network part is marked in a special color for the operator.

Island Coloring
This coloring mode will display different islands (network groups) in different colors.

An island or network group is defined as a set of interconnected power system objects or as

a set of nodes connected by branch objects. Only open switches may separate islands.

In order to prevent very small power system parts to be handled as a network group,
appropriate parameters in the database define the minimal requirements of a network
group.
Node Coloring
Different nodes are highlited in different colors.

A node is defined as a set of interconnected objects, like switches, busbars etc. that have no
impedance in between. A node is also explained as a group of interconnected objects, which
have the same voltage.

Nodes may be separated by lines, transformers, series compensators and open switches.

Note that a line end and a transformer end belong to the associated node.

Short Circuit Localization Coloring (SCL)

The Short Circuit Localization has to find the network part in an electrical network where the
short circuit is located. The located network part is marked in a special color for the
operator

Subsystem Coloring
This coloring function displays all the network parts, which belongs to the same subsystem,
in the same color. In this case you can for example see all the objects that belong to
production, all the objects that belong to transmission and all the objects that belong to
distribution in different colors.

Tag Coloring
The different network islands are colored differently according to which tag they have been
assigned to.

To avoid coloring conflicts between different tag types in the same island, the color of the
tag with the highest priority level is displayed

Voltage Level Coloring

Usually voltage levels are associated with specific colors, e.g. 220 kV is in red. The voltage
colors are customized when dynamic network coloring is implemented.

The different voltage colors are presented in the dynamic network coloring picture.

Break
Overview Picture
The function Overview Picture will take you to a picture, which will either show you an
overall illustration or give you some overall information of a system, a subsystem, or a
station.

Alarm List
It will display the list for the current system, subsystem or station. In other words, either an
overall alarm list containing all the alarms for the control or power system will be displayed,
or an alarm list containing all the alarms for a specific subsystem or station will be
displayed.

The alarm list contains unacknowledged and persistent alarms. The alarm list holds a
number of messages, which reflect the current alarm status of objects. Messages with
different alarm statuses are distinguished by means of color and symbol. The alarm list is
updated when an alarm is obtained, acknowledged or deleted.

The following letters in the parameter field to the right of the list are used:

M Alarm precipitated by manual action

S Alarm noticed by the standby server

P Alarm initiating a PMR storage

Messages marked with a * are unacknowledged.

The colors, which are used are follwing:

Green The message disappears after acknowledgment

Yellow The message remains after acknowledgment (persistent alarm).

Event List
All events are stored in an event list. The events in the event list is presented
chronologically and the list is updated automatically when a new event occurs. The event
list has a limit of (depending on what limit is specified) for example 20 000 messages. When
this list is full the oldest message will be replaced by a new one.

You can either view an overall event list containing all the events which has occured in the
system, or you can view an event list for a specific station

Sequence of Events List (SOE-List)

The Sequence of Events List contains messages from the process with a more accurate time
tagging than the event list. Only signals collected by special process communication
terminals have this possibility. The time tagging is carried out in the Remote Terminal Unit.
The objective of a sequence-of-events list is to provide a history of events for disturbance
analysis purposes.

Status List
A Status List is a list that presents a table of objects and object properties. There is one line
per object and a number of properties per line. The list is created as a snapshot of real time
data from a selected logical file in the database. This logical file could for example be
indications.

The list has a dynamic length and can in principle include all objects and object properties in
the file. The basic idea is however to reduce the list to contain only the objects and object
properties of interest.

The list is not updated automatically, which means you can use the refresh button in the
toolbar to be able to update the list.

PMR
"Post Mortem Review" is a TTD function for storage of pre-specified data in connection with
a disturbance in the power network. During non disturbance conditions, data defined as a
PMR group is stored cyclically in circular buffers in which the oldest values are replaced by
new values. When a tripping event occurs, the size of the circular buffer for that group is
extended, so that pre-disturbance data already in the buffer is not overwritten, and data
collection continues for some minutes after the disturbance. The entire buffer, together with
the triggering event is then frozen and transferred to a PMR area. Data collection then
continues normally for this PMR group. PMR data can be shown on single-line diagrams or
tabular displays.

Single Line Diagram

This function will display a schematic picture, which shows the configuration and dynamic
state of the power system, subsystems and stations. It includes static information and
dynamic objects.

The static information represents lines, bus-bars, transformers, and names of devices in the
power system.

The dynamic objects displays device statuses and numerical values for power flows,
voltages and other measured or calculated values of the power system.

A single line diagram picture can show detailed information from one station only or it can
show an overview of many substations and their interconnections.

Information Picture
This function will take you to an information picture, which is a tabular picture presenting
detailed information about a specific object in the database, e.g. an indication, measured
value, bay or station.

The pictures contain all the important information about individual objects such as object
identity, current value, status, blockings etc

Trend/Curve
To use the trend function the trend symbol button can be pressed. It will display an empty
trend window, which can be configured.

Already created trends can be viewed by selecting a trend poke point. Trends displays
graphs of time-tagged data as a function of time Historic data as well as future data can be
displayed as trend presentations. Trend pictures are useful for following the variations of
measured, calculated, accumulated and planned values. A trend picture may contain up to
six curves.

Report
Reports display time-tagged data in tabular form. Historic data as well as future data can be
viewed. Report pictures are useful for following the variations of measured, calculated,
accumulated and planned values. A tabular report may contain time tagged history and
future data for several stations.

Time Select
The Time Select function has two different appearances and functions. One which is
applicable to single line diagram as well as to event- and alarm list, and another which is
applicable to trends.

 Time Select for Single line diagram

 Time Select for historical lists and trends

Time Select for Single line diagram

This function can be used for selecting either a data set, an object type or a post
disturbance review data (PDR). Further on all of these three choices can be presented by
several time frequencies.

When one of these data sources have been chosen, time navigation can be done with the
previous time and next time toolbar buttons, which will be directed by the chosen time
frequency. If for example a ten second frequency has been selected the time will either
increment or decrement with ten seconds. You will go back and forth by ten seconds.

To exit from the selected time and go back to the present time you press the toolbar button
exit time selection. The playback function can be used when you want to play up a sequence
of how for example the values in the single line diagram have changed. This function will
open the playback dialog box.

Time Select for historical lists and Trends

The Time Select function can be used for historical lists (and trends) when you for example
want to manually select a specific time from where you want to start viewing some events.
You are also able to select a data source (Data set, Object type or PDR) to which the
eventual navigation will be connected. The data source selection will be displayed in the
header bar of WS500. The data source selection will though have no effect until you
navigate in a single line diagram.

The default base time is set to current time.

Supervision and control of process objects

Commands
The Command functions control either the power system process or the control system.
They are used in different situations, as for example to:

 switch-over between Auto and Manual control modes of regulatory objects,

 activate/deactivate control system devices,
 open/close power system objects, e.g. a breaker.

Because of this the command dialog boxes may have different looks, depending on what it
is, they control.

In brief a command has two alternatives (ON/OFF) corresponding to the two possible
physical states, which exist for a power system object or a control system device.

Regulate Stepwise
The Regulate Stepwise command has two alternatives (Raise/Lower), which correspond to
the two possible physical directions when adjusting a power system device. The command
can be used when e.g. a tap changer is to be regulated.

Stepwise command can only be executed if the device is in the manual mode.

Interlock
This function allows the user to define an interlock condition, or a sequence of conditions, to
be checked each time a control command is executed or a new status of an indication is
manually entered. Interlock conditions are logical; e.g., a certain breaker shall be open, a
signal shall be in remote position or a power line shall be de-energized.

The design of the SCADA Interlock function allows the operator to specify the conditions
with a unique high level language dedicated for power system control.

The conditions (rules) are primarily intended for:

 ON/OFF control of two-state devices.

 Manual data entry of indications.

The conditions can also be used by other applications performing commands or data entries.

If an interlock condition is assigned to an object, the condition or sequence of conditions will

be executed each time an ON or OFF function is requested. If the result of the checks do not
allow the required command action, the dialog is terminated and an error message is
displayed on the VDU. The rejection is registered as an event.

Bypass
At the design of the interlock conditions, an alternative condition may be included. This
alternative, called Bypass, will be used when the operator wants a short cut to overcome a
negative response from the primary interlock function. It is initiated by the operator before
the execute command is given.

The Bypass function is a less rigorous condition than the interlock conditions, and the
primarily intention is to use it in test situations or in emergency situations when the data
used by the checks are invalid.

Limits
Change of limits, used for supervision of measured values, can be made if the workplace
has the authority to do so. Such limits are usually set under careful consideration of the
capacity of the object concerned. Therefore, they must not be altered without due
consideration.

A plausibility check is performed on the new limit values, i.e. is the value within the
measuring range of the transmitter, are the limit values correctly related to each other etc.

Every object/measured value has a maximum and minimum limit level, within which the
value has to be found. Further more, every value can have as much as ten limit levels, i.e.
five high limits and five low limits.

Tags/Tagging
A tag is a method of bringing to the attention of other operators and the system itself, that
an object currently has a special status e.g. section under test. This may relate to work in
progress or other abnormal conditions in the process.

A number of tags can be set for the same object but only the tag with the highest priority
will be displayed.

Each operator, who has control authority for an object also has the authority to set and
remove tags for that object. Tags can be set for the following types of objects: objects
represented as indications, transmission lines and stations.

When a tag is issued for an object, the date, time, operator identity, job identity, worker's
name and a comment text can be entered.

TTD Time Tagged Data

This function stores historical data. The historical data is stored in files in the same database
as real time data.

The function UDW also handle historical data. Either TTD or UDW van be used in a SCADA
system.

Blocking
Blocking functions are used to hinder specific types of processing of obtained data and are
activated in a simple and fast human-machine dialog.

For each power system object defined in the SCADA system, it is possible to block:

 the acquisition of data for the object

 the processing of alarms for the object
 the command processing of the power system object (if applicable)

The block alarm processing function is used to restrain the processing of alarms for
individual objects. This function prevents the updating of the alarm list and the alarm status
of the object when subsequent alarms occur for the object. Any associated audible
announcement is also blocked, but the status in the database of the object itself will be
updated.

Blocking is valid for the following data types:

 indication with or without corresponding control

 measured value
 accumulated value
 regulation pulses
 set-point value
  Sequence Control
 The SCADA Sequential Control function provides the user with facilities to create,
check and execute sequences of control operations towards the process. Moreover it
is a function by which a sequence of control actions can be prepared and run in real-
time mode or in the Study Database. It can for example be that the operator wants
to control several indications at once. The sequence control function makes this
possible.

 UDW - Utility Data Warehouse

 This function stores historical data. The historical data is stored in tables in an Oracle
database, totally separated from the real time data. UDW is mostly used in systems
that need big storage capacity and/or have special demands of data mining.
 The function TTD can be used as an alternative to UDW, for storing historical data.

 Tariff Processing
 The Tariff Processing function can be used to appoint tariffs to accumulated and
measured values. The values are calculated and presented in trends and reports by
means of historical data. The results are shown in the picture "Tariff Switching
Overview", "Tariff Group Information", "Automatic Tariff-Timetables", "Scheduled
Tariff-Timetable" and historical data pictures (reports and curves).

Outage Management System (OMS)

Outage Management is a distribution operations application designed to analyze trouble
reports and support the outage restoration process. The core of the Outage Management
Module is provided by the Outage Engine application.

Overall, DMS provides the following functionality:

 trouble call entry

 outage analysis
 series sequential outage analysis
 crew management
 outage status monitoring & reporting

OMS Outages
The application CADOPS is used for outage management. An outage is a group of
customers out of service. A single customer out of service can also be an outage, as is
the case with a Customer outage.

Detail - The outage details are displayed in the CADOPS Outage Summary window.

Customers - The Affected Customers window appears displaying a list of customers

affected by the selected outage.

Callbacks - Opens the Customer Callback window, which displays a list of the
customers to call back when an outage is restored.
 Crews - (option) Opens the Available Crews window in which you can assign or dispatch
a crew to an outage.

Hazard Calls - Opens the Hazard Calls window, displaying all the hazardous calls.

Comment Calls - Opens the Call Comments window, displaying all the calls with
comments.

All Outages - Opens the Complete Outage window in which all the outages can be seen.

OMS Trouble Calls

There are two types of trouble calls: customer trouble calls and non-customer trouble calls.
Customer trouble calls are directly associated with a specific transformer; therefore, they
are automatically displayed on the map. Non-customer calls symbols do not appear on the
map until they are assigned to a map device by a dispatcher.

The CADOPS is used for monitoring the location of trouble calls on the map and to display a
text list of customer and non-customer trouble calls.

Detail - Opens the details for one trouble call in the OMI Trouble Report window. The
Trouble Report window displays service information, service detail and report information.

Crews - Opens the Available Crews window. (option)

Comments - Opens the Call Comments window in which customer comments can be found.

All trouble calls - Opens the Complete trouble calls window where all trouble calls can be
viewed.

OMS Non Customer Calls

There are two types of trouble calls: customer trouble calls and non-customer trouble calls.
Customer trouble calls are directly associated with a specific transformer; therefore, they
are automatically displayed on the map. Non-customer calls symbols do not appear on the
map until they are assigned to a map device by a dispatcher.

The CADOPS is used for monitoring the location of trouble calls on the map and to display a
text list of customer and non-customer trouble calls.

Detail - Displays details about a call.

Device - Assigns the call to a map device. Because the location of non-customer calls is
often vague, non-customer call symbols are not displayed on the map until a dispatcher
assigns the call to a map device. When the crew calls to verify the location of a problem
reported by a non-customer, the call can be assigned to the appropriate map device.
Crews - (option)The Available Crews - Status window appears in which a crew can be
assigned to a non-customer call.

All Non Customer Calls - Opens the Non Customer Calls - Status window, which contains
a list of all unresolved non-customer calls.

OMS Crews (option)

CADOPS allows dispatchers to assign crews to non-customer calls and outages as
necessary. The application allows the user to determine which crews are closest to the
problem location, and which crews have the smallest backlog of assignments. It is also
possible to track when crews do not answer the radio call or pager.

Detail - The Crew window appears, displaying information about the selected crew,
including the Crew ID, Leader and Status. It also displays primary contact information and
the vehicles and equipment used by the crew.

Accept - Is enabled if the status of the selected assignment is Await Crew Response. If the
user clicks this menu item, the crew activity status is changed to Accepted and the current
time is recorded as the dispatch time.

Reject - Is enabled if the status of the selected assignment is Await Crew Response. If the
user clicks this menu item, the Crew Reject Reasons window appears. Enter the crew’s
reason for rejection and click OK.

Enroute - Is enabled if the status of the selected assignment is Accepted or Await Crew
response, and provided that no other assignment is in the Enroute or Arrived state. If the
user clicks this menu item, the status of the assignment is changed to Enroute and the
location of the crew symbol is updated on the map. The current time is recorded as the
enroute time. If the assignment is for an outage, the outage status is updated to indicate
that the crew has been dispatched.

Arrived - Is enabled if the status of the selected assignment is Await Crew Response,
Enroute, or Accepted, and provided that no other assignment is in the Enroute or Arrived
state. If the user clicks this menu item, the state of the selected assignment is changed to
Arrived, and the location of the crew symbol is updated on the map. The current time is
recorded as the arrived time for the crew. If the assignment is for an outage, the outage
status is updated to indicate that the crew has arrived.

Complete Assignment - Is enabled if the status of the selected assignment is Accepted,

Enroute, or Arrived. If the user clicks this menu item, a confirmation window appears. When
the user clicks the OK button, the state of the assignment is changed to Complete and the
current time is recorded as the stop time for the crew. If the assignment is for an outage,
the outage status is updated to indicate that the crew has completed work.

Deassign - Is enabled if the selected assignment is not the current activity (the status of
the assignment is Await Crew Response, Accepted, Enroute or Arrived.) If the user clicks
this menu item, a confirmation window appears. When the OK button is clicked, the current
time is recorded as the selected crew activity stop time, which changes the state of the
assignment to "Complete".
All Crews - Opens a list in which you can view all the crews that exist in the system.

OMS Assign Device

Assigns a trouble call to a map device. When the crew calls to verify the location of a
problem reported, the call can be assigned to the appropriate map device, which can be a
switch, a load, a source or a cutable line.

Glossary
This is a list of abbreviations and other special expressions used in this User's Guide
documentation.

Accumulated value A value gathered by a pulse counter, e.g. energy value.

Application server Application servers are those servers that perfom functions without
direct dual communication except via the LAN. Each Application
server can be built up by single, double or triple computers. The
number of servers that are needed depends on the total functionality
of the installation and the performance and availability requirements
imposed with this.
Avanti A database system developed by ABB. Avanti contains a database as
well as tools for access and maintenance of the database.
Back-up value Manually entered value for measured values and indications.
Blocking The function is used to inhibit specific types of processing of acquired
data. It is possible to block the acquisition of data, the processing of
alarms, the control of power system devices, the execution of
calculations and the printout of reports.
Bus-bar (Bus) A line for data transmission from any of several sources to any of
several destinations.
Combo box A 'box' which only displays a single item from a list of choices. The
item is the current choice. To view the other choices the list will be
visible upon demand (pressing the arrow on the right side of the
box). Also called drop-down list (box).
Command An operator- or a system-initiated command, changes the status or
value of a power system object or a control system device.
Commands may be of the types:

 One-step command (immediate execution)

 Two-step command (with check-back before execution)

Console terminal The terminal used by the operator for communication with the
operating system of the computer.
Current value The value in the database from the latest updating of a point.
Data The representation of facts, concepts and instructions in a form suited
to transmission, interpretation, and processing by men or machines.
(SIS)
Database Data in the computer system which is organized and stored in such a
 way that it is accessible by many different functions. It consists of a
number of files which are divided into records which in turn are
divided into items. General programs (Accessing routines) are
available for adding, changing and reading of data in the database.
Data Set Is a group of different TTD-groups, which in turn consists of either
measured values, accumulated values, process values or indications.
TTD-groups are also called object types.
DCL Declutter level
Declutter level Levels of information with increasing degree of detail.
(DCL)
DFK Dynamic Function Key
Dialog (box) A window called up by the user to perform an operation or action. An
example is the Regulation dialog box for initiating a new set-point
value.
Drop-down list A 'box' which only displays a single item from a list of choices. The
(box) item is the current choice. To view the other choices the list will be
visible upon demand (pressing the arrow on the right side of the
box). Also called combo box.
Dual computer A computer system consisting of two computers, an on-line and a
system standby computer.
Dynamic Function Every picture in the system can have up to 10 Dynimic Function Keys
Key attached to it. These keys are used for picture call up, program start
and fucntion start up.
ELCOM The ELCOM protocol is designed to transmit data between different
systems.
Engineering value A recorded value from the power system can be presented as an
engineering value in, e.g. Volts or Amperes.
Equipment A function for recording and presentation of the wear and tear on
Statistics objects or devices.
Events Changes of state in the power or the control system which may
require some action of the operator.
Flag A marking in the databsae which may hold the value one or zero.
GSE General system error
Hardware Physical equipment used for the realization of check and auxiliary
functions, as opposed to software like descriptions, specifications and
instructions. For example: switching equipment, relay equipment,
CPU board and back-plane.
Indication A measured point that assume to values:

 0 and 1 for single indications

 01 and 10 for double indications
 (the intermediate states 11 and 00 may also occur).

Interlocking Conditional check before executing commands.

LAN Local Area Network
Logging Storage of data (Indications or Measured values) for e.g. presentation
or calculations.
Man-machine The interface between the user and the control system.
server
MB1 Mouse button 1, the leftmost button.
MB2 Mouse button 2, the middle button (If MB3 doesn't exist, this will be
the rightmost button).
MB3 Mouse button 3, the rightmost button.
Object type Is also called TTD-group. A object type includes for example only
calculated values, only indications or only measured values.
OMS Stands for outage management system.
On-line server The active state of a server in a redundant computer system.
Operating system Software, which controls the execution of application programs. It
facilitates time scheduling, searching, error correction, input and
output, operation statistics, compilation, memory allocation, data
handling and similar duties.
Operator's console Comprises the equipment by which the operator controls the process.
Outage The Outage Management System helps a utility to rapidly process
Management trouble call input, analyze outage causes, predict probable outages
System (OMS) and efficiently dispatch field crews to reduce restoration time,
improve customer satisfaction and safeguard workers and the public.
PCU Process Communication Unit
PDR Post Disturbance Review
Picture Dynamic information from the database, combined with static graphic
information and general information that can be presented in a
window. Each picture has an identity and belongs to a sub(system)
and a picture type.
Picture type There are 5 types of pictures (picture types) in WS500. They are:
Information picture, Process picture, Trend/Curve, Report and List.
PMR Post Mortem Review
Point Desingates an object or a collected value and its description. A point
can be: indication (single or double), metered value, object control,
regulation, set-point, or general output data.
Point data Point (Point Data) Collective term used to designate an object or a
collected value and their descriptions including collection channel
data.
Point identity The point name used for identification during dialog and during
maintenance of programs and databases.
Point group Several points functionally associated.
Pop-up menu A window with a list of selectable operations which is displayed. When
MB2 or MB3 is pressed.
Post Disturbance PDR is a disturbance review function that allows the users to observe
Review (PDR) how the monitored process behaves before, during, and after a
disturbance. The PDR-function consists of three sub-functions:
Disturbance definition, disturbance recording and disturbance
reviewing.
Post Mortem A function used for studying power system data in connection with a
Review (PMR) disturbance. The function ensures storage of data for a certain time
before and after the occurence of the disturbance.
Prefix Additional information to the color information:

 A Alarm
 D Deactivated

Process The piece of hardware that connects the comminication line and
Communication which handles the RTU protocol.
Unit (PCU)
Property Each instance of a concept is described by its properties.
Protocol A strict procedure required to initiate and maintain communication.
Pull-down menu The name of the windows with lists of operations that is displayed
when an entry in a menu bar has been selected.
Raise/Lower See Regulation
Raw Value A collected value before scaling and calculation to an engineering
unit.
RCS Remote Communication Server
Real-time database A database for momentary data as opposed to time tagged data.
Compare with the study database.
Regulation There are two types of regulation, stepwise (Raise/Lower output by
pulses) and set-point control output (is an analog value). Objects with
auto/manual position can use both types.
Remote terminal The part of the control system which gathers data from the power
unit (RTU) system and also forwards commands to it.
Remote The Communication Server provides the interface to the Data
Communication Acquisition/Remote Terminal Units through the PCUs. The number of
Server (RCS) communication lines and the communication speed is determined by
needs.
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SPL SCADA programming language
Stall alarm An alarm signal activated when both units of a cual computer system
have stopped.
Standby server Computer intended to take over control from the on-line server in
case the latter fails.
Study database A database which can be used for simulation, program test and
training. Compare with real-time database.
Switch-over Switch-over from the on-line to the standby server.
Tagging Marking of objects to display important information. E.g. used for
'work permits' on power system equipment. Some tags may be used
as condition for interlocking.
Time catalog A summary of times for which time tagged data is stored.
Time taggade data A basic function of SCADA for acquisition and storage of time
(TTD) seqcuences of measured values. These data are used e.g. for
trend/curve presentation.
Transaction A request to a function for processing of data. Thre transactions are
managed by Avanti.
TTD Time Tagged Data
TTD-group With another name TTD-group can be called object type. A object
type can consist of measured values, calculated values or indications.
UDW Stands for utility data warehouse
Unacknowledge The state of an event after the alarm has been raised but before it
alarm has been acknowledged. If the event is associated with a point, the
mark for unacknowledged alarms of the point is set. The mark is
reset as a result of alarm acknowledgment.
Utility Data The Utility Data Warehouse provides a comprehensive set of functions
Warehouse (UDW) for processing of all types of historical information within a utility.
Value catalog A summary of point refererences in the database, which have some
use in common.