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FORM 2 SCIENCE
ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
1. Species - Same kind of organisms that can make to produce youngs.
2. Population - A group of organisms which is same species living in a particular habitat.
3. Community - Several populations of plants and animals living together in a habitat.
4. Habitat - A natural living place where organisms live and reproduce.
- Provides food, shelter and space for breeding to the organisms.
5. Ecosystem.
i. Interaction of a few community interact one another and also with non-living things.
ii. Is made up of living things and non-living things components in the environment.
iii. Ecosystem
Living things Non-living thing
Animals Plants Decomposers Soil Air Water light
(bacteria, fungi, mushroom)
iv.
6 c. Saprophytism – are organism eats dead organism such as mushroom lives on dead tree.
7. Food chain - transfer of energy from one organism to another organism.
- the sun is the main source of energy.
i. sunlight (main source of energy)
i. If snakes are killed, the population of chickens will increase, worm decrease but grass increase.
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ii. If chicken increases, the chicken will compete for food and the population of worm decrease but
grass increase. However, the population of snake increases.
- fungi and bacteria that break down dead organisms / change complex
a. Decomposers substance to simple substance.
- return simpler substances / minerals to the soil.
- green plants that can make their own food through photosynthesis from
b. Producers sunlight.
- change simple substance to complex substance.
c.
d i. ii.
N→K→P→L
iii. Producer – which is the most number is put at the base of the pyramid.
iv. Tertiery –which is the least number is put at the summit of the pyramid (predator).
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v. vi.
#The leaf turn blue-bleck when tested iodine solution because presence of starch
12. Transpiration
a. Releasing of water vapour through
stomata on the leaves.
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the plant to carry out transpiration process
in the afternoon.
e. Excessive logging
i. carbon dioxide increase / cause
greenhouse effect
ii. oxygen decrease
iii. destroy water catchment area
iv. cause soil erosion
v. extinction of flora and fauna
d. Plant wilts because transpiration / loss of f. Ways to reduce excessive logging
water / insufficient of water. i. management of forest (FRIM)
Inference ii. enforcement of law
The higher the temperature, the higher iii. establish forest reserved area
the rate of transpiration. iv. prevent illegal logging
Farmer needs to water the plant early in
the morning to supply sufficient water for
15.a. i.
ii.
iii. Photosynthesis and respiration balance the composition of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
15 (b) Important of photosynthesis process
i. reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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ii. increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
iii. produce food / glucose
20.
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