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List of Tables

1.1 Classification of Fault Detection Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5.3 Scaling Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5.4 Model Identification : SNR=15, Sample Size of Training Data=5000 . . . . . . . . . 34

5.4 Model Identification : SNR=5, Sample Size of Training Data=5000 . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.4 Model Identification : SNR=15, Sample Size of Training Data=400 . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5.4 Model Identification : SNR=5, Sample Size of Training Data=400 . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.4 Fault Detection: Incipient Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.4 Fault Detection: Change in Operating Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39

8.3 Model Identification : SNR=10, Sample Size of Training Data=9000 . . . . . . . . . .52

8.3 Model Identification : SNR=10, Sample Size of Training Data=300 . . . . . . . . . . . 53

8.3 Model Identification : SNR=4, Sample Size of Training Data=9000 . . . . . . . . . . . 54

8.3 Model Identification : SNR=4, Sample Size of Training Data=300 . . . . . . . . . . . 55

8.3 Fault Detection: Abrupt Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

8.3 Fault Detection: Incipient Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

8.3 Fault Detection: Change in Operating Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58

4
List of Figures

1.1 Process monitoring loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 Types of Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

1.3 Additive Faults in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

4.1 PCA based Fault Detection Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

5.1 Schematic of a flow process [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

8.1 Control Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

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