Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Task 1: Complete the following text putting the verbs into the gerund or the to-infinitive
Dear Ms Walters,
Thank you for your application for the diploma in marketing but I regret __________ (inform) you that
this course is now full. Should you wish to take the course elsewhere, I would advise you __________
(apply) to Central College. They started __________ (run) a course in marketing a year ago and I would
recommend you __________ (consider) __________ (enrol) on that course rather than __________
(wait) another year to do a course here. If you prefer __________ (wait) for this course, then I would
encourage you __________ (try) __________ (find) some work related to marketing so that you can
start __________ (acquire) some relevant experience.
http://eoilevelfour.wikispaces.com/file/view/Infinitives_and_gerunds.pdf.
Task 2 : Complete the sentences by using a preposition and the words in parentheses. You may need
to add an indefinite or definite article.
Task 8 : Complete the text about the setting up of small art galleries, using the infinitive or –ing form of
the verb in brackets.
Browne (2008) describes __________ 1. (set up) a small gallery in an unfashionable part of
Birmingham in 2003. She acknowledges __________ 2. (spend) much more than the business earned
in the first few years, but explains how it was managing __________ 3. (make) a modest profit by the
end of 2006. Her account and that of Bannister and Ives (2009) appear __________ 4. (suggest) that
two key factors need to be borne in mind if the new gallery owner wishes to avoid __________ 5.
(make) what could be a very costly mistake.
For anyone planning __________ 6.(open) a small gallery, the first factor is financing. Browne warns
the would-be owner __________ 7. (allow) enough capital for at least two years of trading before any
significant income is generated. The second factor is location. Bannister and Ives considered
__________ 8. (establish) their gallery in London´s trendy Brick Lane before realizing that there would
be too much competition. They carried on __________ 9. (look) elsewhere in London until colleagues
in Wales encouraged them __________ 10. (acquire) empty retail premises at much lower cost in
Newport. Now, with a National Lottery regeneration grant, they anticipate __________ 11. (expand)
their gallery into neighbouring premises.
Task 9: Discuss these questions.
1. What can other students do to assist you in improving your English skills? What can you do
to assist others?
2. What do you usually do to occupy your time while you are waiting in lines, waiting for an
appointment, or waiting “on hold“ on the telephone?
3. Have you ever undertaken a self-improvement project? What did you decide to do? Was it
easy or difficult to attain your goals?
Modals
Form:
Task 2: Complete each of the following sentences with must or had to and a correct form of the verb
in parentheses
1. This private college __________ (cater) to an upscale clientele. Most of their courses are very
expensive.
2. Jim Taylor enrolled one of these courses last week. His parents __________ (be) very rich.
3. When he enrolled the course, Jim __________ (pay) a considerable amount of money for
4. accommodation, too.
5. Now Jim __________ (be) study really hard not to disappoint his family.
6. Jim __________ (think) that getting a degree from this college will guarantee him a good job in
the future.
Task 3: Correct the verb forms. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Some sentences are
already correct.
1. Fortunately rescue ships could remove the crew safely from the sinking tanker.
2. The government may have bailed out the failing steelworks, but decided not to take this course
of action.
3. The company claims to be able to produce an effective recyclable plastic bag.
4. Investigators could immediately see what had caused the accident.
5. No one can ever be able to prove so far that Goldman´s Conjecture works for every even
number.
6. In May 2011 scientists from IBM Zurich could produce images of electrons using a scanning
microscope.
7. The duties of an absent member of staff can sometimes be share out among colleagues.
8. According to scientists at the University of Geneva, we will soon be able to produce short bursts
of rainfall safely through the use of lasers.
Task 4: Complete each of the following sentences with could, couldn’t or could have and an
appropriate form of the verb in parentheses.
1. Our project needs greater funding. We __________ (ask) for more money.
2. More money __________ (solve) a lot of problems.
3. Last year, we __________ (predict) the need for a bigger budget.
4. The budget committee worked very, very hard. They __________ (work) harder.
5. Last year’s committee members were very skilled. All of them __________ (use) computer-
based accounting programs.
2. Thomas can’t believe it. He failed two exams and had to leave the school. His academic career
is over. Now he walks around saying, “___________________________.”
a. I could have been a scientist b. I could be a scientist c. I might be a scientist
d. I should have been a scientist
3. Min’s friend Toshiko has just graduated from university. He didn’t know, so he didn’t congratulate her.
Toshiko felt quite sad. Now Min says, “___________________________.”
a.I should congratulate her b. I should have congratulated her c. I could congratulate her d. Why I
didn’t congratulate her?
4. Yumi is a great translator and interpreter. In fact, she ________________ three languages by the age
of 19.
a. could to speak b. can speak c. spoken d. could speak
6..Who was that gentleman we saw at the conference yesterday? I don’t know. It
_____________________ Alison´s business partner.
a. couldn’t have been b. might have been c. maybe d. might be
8. Yes, the report was good, but he_____________________ more attention to detail next time.
a. should paid b. would rather pay c. would rather have paid d. should pay
Task 7: Circle the correct verb form in the introduction to an essay about retrials. If both are correct,
circle both.
For an appeal to be upheld in a court of law, there is a requirement that new evidence 1. could/should
be presented. Scientific advances in areas such as DNA testing, however, mean that there is now a
growing trend for cases that 2. might/must have remained closed to be considered for retrial. Berenger
(2012) cites the case of Maxwell Jordan, who believes he 3. will be able to/could prove his innocence
through a report that his lawyers have commissioned from scientists who study the behaviour of bullets.
Jordan´s team will argue that he 4. could/must not have fired the gun twice within the period of time
described by the prosecuting counsel at his trial. If this new evidence is accepted, it 5. can/should
prove persuasive enough to put Jordan´s conviction in doubt. This essay 6. might/will explore Jordan
´s case in more detail.
Task 8: Circle the correct verb forms in the text about infrastructure projects. If both are correct, circle
both.
The location of a new rail system or airport 1. needs to/should take into account the conflicting
interests of a number of different groups of people. Politicians in power 2 . must/may not benefit
immediately from an infrastructure project, but they 3. could/might gain credit in the medium term for a
boost in employment when construction work begins. It 4. would/shall seem, on the surface, that the
business community in general 5. will/needs to benefit when a major transport project is initiated, but,
as in sport, where there are winners there 6. might/must always be losers.
Amongst the public, commentators 7. would/should agree that there are two groups: the general
population who 8. must/will often be supportive of modernizing programmes, and those directly
affected, the ones, whose houses 9. need/ought to be demolished or whose quality of life 10.
will/could be reduced by the endless departure and arrival of long-haul jets. Bryson (2009) suggests
that thirty or forty years ago, the complaints of this latter group 11. can/would regularly be ignored,
whereas these days, a protest movement 12. can/needs to be established and attract public attention
within days of a project being announced.
Task 9
1. Imagine that you have been invited to speak to a group of new immigrant parents who want
your advice about raising children in a country with a culture that is new to them. What should
parents know about the challenges their children will face? What can parents do to make
adjusting to a new culture easier for their children?
2. Imagine that you have been invited to speak to a group of students who are preparing to enter
school in another country. What can they do to prepare for this experience? What should they
expect to face as they adjust to their new situation?
3. Choose a country. Imagine that you have been invited to speak to a group of new residents in
that country (business representatives, students, or embassy staff, perhaps). What should they
do to experience the best of that country? What must they do to fit in well in that country?
4. Discuss ways in which you think individuals can help themselves cope with psychological
stress. What should a person do if stress in his or her life becomes too intense?
Sources:
PATERSON, Ken a Roberta WEDGE. Oxford grammar for EAP: English grammar and practice for
academic purposes with answers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, c2013. ISBN 978-0-19-432999-6.
ACKLES, Nancy M a Steve ELSWORTH. The grammar guide: developing language skills for academic
success. New ed., 6th impr. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, c2003, xiii, 246 p. ISBN 04-720-
8882-3.
UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTRE. Study Zone [online]. 1998, 2012 [cit.
2013-09-18]. Available from: http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/grammar.htm
http://eoilevelfour.wikispaces.com/file/view/Infinitives_and_gerunds.pdf.
http://www.academia.edu/11448155/GERUND_and_INFINITIVE_V_V_ing_LIST_of_VERBS_FOLLOW
ED_by_GERUNDS
http://misterhoytesclasses.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/9/4/15945694/gerund_infinitive.pdf.
http://www.englishspeaker.com/basic/elem%20verb%20forms/29%20gerund%20ans.htm
ttp://www.slideshare.net/loknica1/gerundinfinitive-47217950.