EEL

 3472   TRANSMISSION  LINE  FORMULA  SHEET   4/29/13  8:29  AM  

Transmission  Line  Equations:  

Time-­‐domain:             Frequency-­‐domain:  

−
∂v z,t ( )
= R ′i z,t + L ′
∂i z,t
( ) ( ) −
dV ( z )
= ( R′ + jω L′ ) I ( z )
∂z ∂t                                                               dz  
−
∂i z,t ( )
= G ′v z,t + C ′
∂v z,t
( ) ( ) −
dI ( z )
= ( G ′ + jω C ′ )V ( z )
∂z ∂t dz
d 2V d2I
Wave  Equation:     2 − γ 2V = 0, 2
− γ 2 I = 0    
dz dz
Propagation  Constant:   γ = α + jβ = ( R′ + jω L′ )(G′ + jω C ′ )  
1 ⎛ PLoad ⎞
Attenuation  Constant  (Low-­‐Loss  Approximation):   α = − ln ⎜ ⎟    
2 ⎝ Pin ⎠
R′ + jω L′
Characteristic  Impedance:   Z o =    
γ

Phase  Velocity  (Lossless  Line):   v p or u p = ( ) ω

β
   

jθ Γ Z − Z o Vo−
Reflection  Coefficient:   Γ = Γ e = =    
Z + Z o Vo+

Voltage  Maxima-­‐Minima  Determined  from:   V ( z ) = Vo+ ⎡⎢1+ Γ + 2 Γ cos ( 2β z + θ Γ ) ⎤⎥    

2 2 2

⎣ ⎦

Voltage  Standing  Wave  Ratio:   S =

1+ Γ
=
V z() max
   
1− Γ V (z )
min

Z L + jZo tan β 
Transmission  Line  Input  Impedance:   Z in = Zo    
Zo + jZ L tan β 
Z in Vg
Incident  Wave  Amplitude:  Vo+ =    
Z in + Z g e jβ
+ Γe − j β 

Measured  Characteristic  Impedance:   Zo = + Z inshort −circuitZ inopen −circuit    

Measured  Phase  Constant:   β = −1 arctan − Z inshort−circuit Z inopen−circuit     ( )
2
Vo+ 2
Power  Flow  on  a  Lossless  Line:   Pave = Pave
i
− Pave
r i
, Pave = r
, Pave = Γ Pave
i
 Shunt  Matching  
2Zo
jθ Γ
Results:   cosθ ′ = − Γ L , θ ′ = θ Γ + 2 β z = θ Γ − 2 β d, Γ L = Γ L e
 
2
1− Γ −2 Γ sin θ ′
yd = gd + jbd = 2
+j 2
 
1 + Γ + 2 Γ cos θ ′ 1 + Γ + 2 Γ cos θ ′

 
 EEL  3472   TRANSMISSION  LINE  FORMULA  SHEET   4/29/13  8:29  AM  

 
 
Transmission  Line  Transients:  

( ) ( )
v z,t ↔ V z, s = A s e () ()
−γ s z
()
z+B s e ()
+γ s z
( )
, i z,t ↔ I z, s = ( ) ()
A s e () −B s e ()
−γ s z
()
+γ s z

 
Zo
TG Γ L e ( )
−2γ s 
TG s 1
A( s ) = −2γ ( s ) G ( )
V s , B ( s) = −2γ ( s )
VG ( s ) , γ ( s ) = , vp =
1− Γ G Γ L e 1− Γ G Γ L e vp L′ C ′
ZG − Z o Z − Zo Zo Zo
ΓG = , ΓL = L , TG = , TL =
ZG + Z o Z L + Zo ZG + Z o Z L + Zo
 

Geometric  Series:  
∞
1
= ∑ x n , x < 1  
1 − x n =0