LESSON 1: ROLE OF

LANGUAGE IN
COMMUNICATION
Prepared by: JHANSEN REY M. OBISPO, MAEd- ENGLISH
LET’S DO THIS!
■ Students shall be grouped into four (4)
and each group must come up with a 3-
minute role play that portrays a
communication to one another without
using oral language.
■ Observe: How long can the students
sustain their “silent conversation”?
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
■ “It is a system of words or signs that people use to
express thoughts and feelings to each other.” – Merriam-
Webster
■ It is a system of communication, a medium for thought,
and a tool for social interaction.
■ “Language is not only a vehicle for the expression of
thoughts, perceptions, and sentiments of a person; it also
represents a fundamental expression of social identity.”-
Edward Sapir
■ “Language shapes thoughts and emotions determining
one’s perception of reality.”- Benjamin Whorf
 QUESTION:
IS HUMAN LANGUAGE
LEARNED OR
INHERITED?
HUMAN LANGUAGE

■Human language is unique because

it is a symbolic communication
system that is learned instead of
biologically inherited.
 QUESTION:
WHY IS LANGUAGE
IMPORTANT?
IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE

■Language is a tool to:

– Learn knowledge
– Transmit information
– Express feelings, emotions and
ideas
– Construct social identity
ENGLISH LANGUAGE

■English is the required international

language of communication, science,
information technology, business,
seafaring, aviation, entertainment,
radio and diplomacy (negotiation,
peacekeeping, international relations)
HOW WAS THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
SPREAD BEYOND THE BRITISH ISLES?
■ Colonization- 16th to 19th centuries
■ Dominant language in the United States,
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
■ The growing economic and cultural influence
of the US and its status as a global
superpower since World War II have
significantly accelerated the language’s
spread across the planet
HOW FAR ENGLISH HAS GONE…

■ Official language of 53 countries

■ One of the six official languages of the
United Nations
■ Spoken by more than 300 million native
speakers, and between 400 and 800 million
foreign users
 HOW IMPORTANT ENGLISH IS…
■ Working knowledge of English- requirement in a number of
fields
■ Bridge to communicate with people from other parts of the
world
■ Creates possibilities each day to connect with people
worldwide
■ Helps you get jobs easily
■ Enables you to gain lots of knowledge by reading
newspapers, storybooks, essays, journals, online sites
 LESSON 2: BRIEF
HISTORY OF ENGLISH
Prepared by: JHANSEN REY M. OBISPO, MAEd- ENGLISH
LET’S UNLOCK THE DIFFICULTY!

– Old English – Celts

– Middle English – Dialect
– Modern English – Case
– Anglo-Saxons – Standardization
– Indo-European – Mutually intelligible
Language language
OLD ENGLISH
■ Old English usually refers to the period in the history of the
English language covering the years from 449 (or 450) to
1100 (or 1150). Around the year 450, England was
invaded by the Germanic tribes (the Angels, the Saxons,
and the Jutes). These Germanic tribes are regarded as “the
founders of The English nation”. The account of these
invasions is found in the Benedictine monk Bede’s work
Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which was
completed in 731 (Baugh and Cable 2002). The earliest
records of the language date back to about 700.
MIDDLE ENGLISH
■ Middle English covers the period from 1100
(or 1150) to 1500. William of Normandy, a
French territory, conquered England in 1066.
The French rule brought change to the English
language. The Anglo-Saxons chronicle existed
until 1154. By that time, the English language
had taken on new futures different from the
ones of Old English.
MODERN ENGLISH
■ Modern English covers the period 1500 to the
present in the history of the English language. The
introduction of the movable printing process into
England by William Caxton in 1476 made possible
the production of uniform copies of big numbers of
books. The increase in the number of schools, in
literacy production, and in travel and explorations
brought change to the language from the time of the
Renaissance in the 1500s.
ANGLO-SAXON &
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE
■ The Anglo-Saxon is the term that came about with
reference to the Teutonic tribes that invaded
England. The term is often used to refer to “the
earliest period of English” (Baugh and Cable 2002).
■ Indo-European language is the family of languages
to which English belongs.
CELTS, DIALECT, CASE, STANDARDIZATION,
& MUTUALLY INTELLGIBLE LANGUAGE
■ The Celts were “the original inhabitants of the British Isles
before the arrival of the Romans”
■ Dialect is a variation of a language.
■ Case is the choice of form depending on the function of words
(nouns, pronouns, adjectives) in the sentences in an inflected
language.
■ Standardization suggests an “ideal” norm or model of usage.
■ Mutually intelligible language indicated that the language are
distinct from each other and are not dialects of the same
language.
 THE USE OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
■ School children in the Philippines begin learning English at
an early age.
■ The first significant exposure of Filipinos to the English
language occurred in 1762 when the British invaded Manila,
but this was a brief episode that had no lasting influence.
■ English later became more important and widespread
during the American Occupation between 1898 and 1946,
and remains an official language of the Philippines.
■ English-medium education began in the Philippines after
the arrival of 540 US teachers.
THE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
■ English was made the language of education.
■ As its use extended, it became indigenized
through the inclusion of vocabulary from local
languages, the adaptation of English words to
local needs, and modifications in
pronunciation and grammar.
■ English was also adopted for newspapers and
magazines, the media, and literary writing.
 REMEMBER THIS?
■ Working knowledge of English- requirement in a number of
fields
■ Bridge to communicate with people from other parts of the
world
■ Creates possibilities each day to connect with people
worldwide
■ Helps you get jobs easily
■ Enables you to gain lots of knowledge by reading
newspapers, storybooks, essays, journals, online sites
ENGLISH GIVES MANY LIFE-CHANGING
POSSIBILITIES!
■The English language is one of the most
important tools available to us.
■It is one of the international languages, a
tool of communication between countries,
cultural groups, various companies,
organization and communities.
LET’S MAKE ANOTHER ESSAY! 

What is the ROLE of English in

global communication?
 LESSON 3:
ACADEMIC WRITING
Prepared by: JHANSEN REY M. OBISPO, MAEd- ENGLISH
Academic Writing
■ the process of breaking down ideas and using
deductive reasoning, formal voice and third person
point-of-view
■ It is about what you think and what evidence has
contributed to that thinking
■ a process that starts with posing a question,
problematizing a concept, evaluating an opinion and
ends in answering the questions or questions posed,
clarifying the problem, and or arguing for a stand.
Specific Purpose of Academic Writing

1.To inform
2.To argue a specific point
3.To persuade
Specific Audience of Academic Writing

1. Teachers
2. Peers
3. Academic Community
Principles in Academic Writing
Good academic writing is a result of careful planning that involves
the following principles:
1. Know who your readers are and assume that they are intelligent
but uninformed.
2. Decide your purpose and make sure that every part of your writing
contributes to achieving that purpose.
3. Use simple, concrete and familiar language.
4. Check your writing according to this principle: Tell your reader
what you are going to tell him, then tell him what you’ve told him.
5. Make your report attractive.
 Kinds of Academic Writing
1. Book Review/ Article Critique
– An article review or critique is a specialized form of
writing in which the reviewer engages with a scholarly
source usually a journal article or academic book by
reporting its main ideas, claims, positions or findings
and the reasoning which supports these ideas by
critiquing its contributions to knowledge in the
discipline in which it is published. Thus scholarly review
or critique consists of summarizing and evaluating an
academic source that interest to academic audience.
 Kinds of Academic Writing
2. Literature Review
– A literature review discusses published information in a
particular subject area and sometimes information in a
particular subject area within a certain time period.
– A literature review can be a simple summary of the
source but it usually has an organizational pattern and
combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is
a recap of the important information of the source but
a synthesis is a reorganization or a trace the
intellectual progression of the field.
 Kinds of Academic Writing
3. Research Report
– Research report is a medium to communicate
research work with relevant people. It is also
good source of persuasion of research work for
the future reference. It requires a good deal of
knowledge imagination experience and
expertise. It demands a considerable time and
money.
 Kinds of Academic Writing
4. Project Proposals
– A technical proposal often called a “Statement of work”
is a persuasive document. Its objectives are:
■ Identify what work is to be done.
■ Explain why this work needs to be done.
■ Persuade the reader that the proponents (you) are
qualified for the work- have a management plan and
technical approach, and have the resources needed
to complete the task within the stated time and cost
constraints.
 Kinds of Academic Writing
5. Position Paper
– A position paper is a kind of academic writing in which
the student researches a controversial issue and writes
a paper that explains his/ her stand or view point on it.
The main goal of a position paper is to take part in the
larger debate on the issue by stating and supporting
your opinion or recommended course of action. The
students required to research other papers on the issue,
analyze them in depth and formulate his/her own
argument on the matter.
What is Critical Reading?
■ Critical Reading is an active process of discovery
because when you read critically, you are not just
receiving information but also making an
“interaction” with the writer.
■ Critical reading involves scrutinizing any information
that you read or hear. Critical reading means not
easily believing information offered to you by a text.
 Ramge, Bean, and Johnson (2006) identified
the following requirements in Critical Thinking:
1. The ability to pose problematic questions.
2. The ability to analyze a problem in all its dimensions.
3. The ability to find, gather, and interpret data, facts and other information relevant
to the problem.
4. The ability to imagine alternative solutions to the problem, to see different ways
in which the questions might be answered and different perspective for viewing
it.
5. The ability to analyze competing approaches and answers to construct
arguments for and against alternatives and to choose the best solution in the
light of values, objectives and other criteria that you determine and articulate.
6. The ability to write an effective argument justifying your choice while
acknowledging counter arguments.
Techniques in Critical Reading

1. Annotate what you read.

2. Outline the text.
3. Summarize the text.
4.Evaluate the text.
 Answer each of the following questions in
one paragraph. Each paragraph is worth
ten points.
1. What is Academic Writing?
2. What are its purposes?
3. What is the importance of academic writing?
4. Why is academic writing equated to critical thinking?