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Abstract
This paper presents the fact that complex systems require a simulation to
represent the mapping of systems measure of performances to single system measure
of effectiveness.
All military technical systems might be considered a complex system of systems.
From this point of view the system of systems requires a simulation to represent the
mapping of systems measure of performances to single system measure of
effectiveness.
Optimization of each system does not guarantee overall system of systems
optimization.
1. The Theoretical Framework of the Complex System of
Subsystems
The basic principle behind systems analysis is that complex systems
or problems can be decomposed into simpler sub-systems (or sub-
problems), which themselves may be subdivided into even simpler sub-
sub-systems, until a level is reached where the component parts may be
treated as elementary.
In this problem, three main ideas are important:
– the system of systems is considered as a whole entity;
– the individual systems are unfunctional when viewed from the
system of systems perspective;
– the process of determination an optimal upgrade includes:
– operational avalability analysis;
– cost modeling;
– linear or nonlinear optimization;
– modeling and simulation.
These assumptions are used in order to achieve overall mission or
objective.
The process of P.P.B.E.S. (Planning, Programming, Budgeting and
Estimation Systems) has developed a new method for non-material
solution by using analysis of alternatives.
This procedure has risen a question: how best to upgrade on existing
system of systems. By treating each acquisition system as a subsystem of
the larger entity doesn’t guarantee the increasing of the operational
availability of whole system.
The objective of this paper is to use modeling and simulation to
estimate a mathematical model for upgrading system performances.
A non-material solution implies the solving of one of two problems:
– to maximize the system of systems performance subjected to a cost
constraints;
– to minimize the additional cost under performance constrains.
The result of solving these two kinds of problems could be:
1. a new type of system must be added to the original system of
systems;
2. an existing subsystem must be replaced to increase performances.
2. Steps to Represent the Mapping of Systems Measure of
Performances to Single System Measure of Effectiveness
The model which will be proposed requires some steps:
– define the overall mission or missions of the system;
– define the overachieving measure of effectiveness (MOE) for the
system of systems that represents the goal of the model;
– define the characteristic MOE for each system and show how it
contributes to overachieve the MOE goal;
– represent the maps of system measure of performances (MOPs);
– specify the constraints: cost constraints for each component systems
and the overall system of systems, MOPs constraints. These constraints
depend on the type of problem we solve: to maximize performances under
cost constraints or to minimize additional cost under performance
constraints;
– formulate a model that will capture the map from component system
MOPs to system MOEs for overachieving MOE;
– solve an optimization problem under the constraints imposed;
– evaluate the solution and analyze alternatives.
3 The Performance Model for System of Systems
Mathematically, complex systems are characterized by multiple non-
linearities.
Physically, these formal properties are associated with connections
between subsystems and their environment.
Let consider n types of systems S n , that comprise a system of systems
S (figure no.1).
System S
Subunit Subunit
Bibliography