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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel
Written by AZoM Jul 5 2012
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Machining
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Annealing
Normalizing
Stress Relieving
Hardening
Tempering
Applications
Introduction
AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or normalized
condition. It has a tensile strength of 570 700 MPa and Brinell hardness ranging
between 170 and 210.
AISI 1045 steel is characterized by good weldability, good machinability, and high
strength and impact properties in either the normalized or hot rolled condition.
AISI 1045 steel has a low throughhardening capability with only sections of size around
60 mm being recommended as suitable for tempering and throughhardening. However,
it can be efficiently flame or induction hardened in the normalized or hot rolled condition
to obtain surface hardnesses in the range of Rc 54 Rc 60 based on factors such as
section size, type of set up, quenching medium used etc.
AISI 1045 steel lacks suitable alloying elements and hence does not respond to the
nitriding process.
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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel
Chemical Composition
Element Content
Carbon, C 0.420 0.50 %
Iron, Fe 98.51 98.98 %
Manganese, Mn 0.60 0.90 %
Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040 %
Sulfur, S ≤ 0.050 %
Physical Properties
Physical Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.87 g/cc 0.284 lb/in3
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties Metric Imperial
Hardness, Brinell 163 163
Hardness, Knoop (Converted from Brinell hardness) 184 184
Hardness, Rockwell B (Converted from Brinell hardness) 84 84
Hardness, Vickers (Converted from Brinell hardness) 170 170
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 565 MPa 81900 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield 310 MPa 45000 psi
Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) 16.0 % 16.0 %
Reduction of Area 40.0 % 40.0 %
Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) 200 GPa 29000 ksi
Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) 0.290 0.290
Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi
Machining
AISI 1045 steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the hot rolled condition.
Based on the recommendations given by the machine manufacturers, operations like
tapping, milling, broaching, drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on AISI
1045 steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.
Welding
Certain facts about welding of AISI 1045 steel are:
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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel
AISI 1045 steel is readily welded when correct procedure is followed.
Welding AISI 1045 steel in throughhardened, tempered and flame or induction
hardened condition is not recommended.
Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding AISI 1045 steel.
The workpiece is
Preheated at 200°C–300°C (392°F 572°F)
Maintained at the same temperature during welding
Cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc and
Stress relieved at 550°C 660°C (1022°F 1220°F).
Heat Treatment
AISI 1045 is subjected to the following processes:
Forging
Annealing
Normalizing
Stress relieving
Hardening
Tempering
Forging
Heat to 850°C 1250°C (1562°F 2282°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Cool in furnace
Annealing
Heat to 800°C 850°C (1472°F 1562°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Cool in furnace.
Normalizing
Heat to 870°C 920°C (1598°F1688°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 10 15 minutes
Cool in still air
Stress Relieving
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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel
Heat to 550°C 660°C (1022°F 1220°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section
Cool in still air
Hardening
Heat to 820°C 850°C (1508°F 1562°F)
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 10 15 minutes per 25mm of section
Quench in water or brine
Tempering
Reheat to 400°C 650°C (752°F 1202°F ) as required
Hold until the temperature is uniform
Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section
Cool in still air
Applications
AISI 1045 is widely used for all industrial applications requiring more wear resistance and
strength. Typical applications of AISI 1045 are as follows:
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