Farm Power and Energy

Questions:

1. The greatest heat loss for a 4-stroke cycle, spark ignition engine with a thermal
efficiency of 23% is attributed to:

a. cooling system b. friction c. exhaust gases d. radiation

e. none of the above

2. This gas is a mixture of butane and propane and may be used to a considerable extent
as engine fuel.

a. biogas b. LPG c. producer gas d. natural gas

e. none of the above

3. This refers to the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature 1 lb of water 1ºF.

a. specific heat b. thermal conductivity c. heating value d. Btu

e. none of the above

4. This mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol is used as a fuel for spark ignition
engine.

a. methyl ester b. ethyl ester c. gasohol d. normal heptane

e. none of the above

5. It is the partial or complete interruption of the fuel flow in the fuel system as a result
of vaporization of the fuel and the formation of gas bubbles at some point.

a. stalling b. vapor lock c. detonation d. explosion e. none of the above

6. Man as a power unit is very inefficient and ineffective. He is limited to a continuous

power output of :

a. 746 watts b. 3,300 ft-lb/min c. 0.1 kilowatt d. 0.1 hp-hr

e. none of the above

7. The energy received from the sun, per unit of time, on a normal surface at the average
distance between the sun and earth outside the earth’s atmosphere is equal to:

a. 1,353 w/m2 b. 690 w/m2 c. 460 w/m2 d. 1,533 w/m2

e. none of the above

8. At a wind velocity of 10 m/s, a 3-meter-diamater windmill for pumping water can

approximately generate:
 a. 1.54 kilowatts b. 1.73 kilowatts c. 10.65 kilowatts

d. 3.57 kilowatts e. none of the above

9. The maximum percentage of energy that can be obtained from the wind through the
use of any mechanical wind energy conversion device is:

a. 50% b. 59.3 % c. 25.5% d. 40.7% e. none of the above

10. It is a vertical axis windmill with a very low tip-speed ratio.

a. Cretan b. Savonius c. Darrieus d. 2-bladed airfoil type

e. none of the above

11. This pump uses the energy of a downward-flowing stream of water to lift a portion of
the water to a higher level.

a. centrifugal pump b. waterwheel c. hydraulic ram d. water turbine

e. none of the above

12. This fuel is obtained from the fermentation of wet wastes such as animal dung in the
absence of oxygen. This gaseous fuel contains up to 60 percent methane.

a. producer gas b. carbon monoxide c. liquefied petroleum gas

d. biogas e. none of the above

13. If a carabao pulls an implement with a draft of 1,000 nt at a speed of 4 kph, what is
the approximate power generated?

a. 1 hp b. 1.8 kW c. 1.5 hp d. 1.5 kW e. 2 hp

14. In the operation of this ideal engine, the combustion of fuel occurs instantaneously
such that the pressure rises at constant volume.

a. Diesel cycle engine b. Otto cycle engine c. compression ignition engine

d. Carnot cycle engine e. none of the above

15. An engine with a clearance volume of 120 cm3 and whose bore and stroke are 10 cm
and 10 cm, respectively, is most possibly:

a. a gasoline engine b. a diesel engine c. a compression ignition engine

d. a jet engine e. none of the above

16. The ideal air-fuel ratio in terms of weight for methane (CH4) is:

a. 14.5:1 b. 16.7:1 c. 15.2:1 d. 17.3:1 e. none of the above

 CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

( 12 + 4 ) + ( 2 ) (32) → (12 + 32) + 2 (18)

16 + 64 = 44 + 36 = 80

16 + 64 / 0.232 → 1 : 17.24

16 + ( 275.86) → 1 : 17.24

17. The ideal air-fuel ratio in terms of weight for cetane (C16H34) is:

a. 15:1 b. 16:1 c. 14:1 d. 17:1 e. none of the above

18. The cetane rating of alpha-methylnaphthalene is:

a. 50 b. 100 c. 20 d. 80 e. none of the above

19. The octane rating of a mixture of 3 liters of normal heptane and 27 liters of isooctane
is:

a. 50 b. 100 c. 20 d. 90 e. none of the above

27/30= .9 Answer = d

20. It is a gasoline fuel additive which helps improve the anti-knocking characteristics of
fuels but which has been recently banned because of its cumulative neurotoxicity.

a. methanol b. ethanol c. tetraethyl lead d. gasohol

e. none of the above

21. The compression ratio of engines is directly related to its thermal efficiency.
Theoretically:

a. Otto-cycle engines have higher thermal efficiency than Diesel cycle engines.
b. Diesel-cycle engines have higher thermal efficiency than Otto-cycle engines.
c. Otto-cycle and Diesel-cycle engines have approximately equal thermal
efficiency.
d. None of the above.

22. This kind of gasoline can be obtained by breaking up heavy molecules of oil into
lighter ones:

a. natural gasoline b. cracked gasoline c. straight-run gasoline

d. blended gasoline e. none of the above

23. Natural gas consists largely of:

a. butane b. pentane c. octane d. propane e. none of the above

24. This fuel is obtained by partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, like coal,
wood, charcoal, sawdust, or similar materials, in an atmosphere of air and steam. It is
a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

a. LPG b. natural gas c. producer gas d. biogas e. none of

the above

25. This is the most common cause of short life of lead acid battery. It results when a cell
or battery is permitted to remain in a discharged condition for some length of time
such that the lead sulfate hardens and can not be readily converted to its former state.

a. detonation b. sulfation c. induction d. carburetion e. none of the above

26. This scientific phenomenon is the basic principle of operation of spark ignition
systems of engines. It says that a change in the magnetic flux in a conducting circuit
produces current in the circuit.

a. electromagnetic induction b. ohm’s law c. Charles’ law d. Boyle’s law

e. none of the above

27. In a spark ignition system, it prevents arcing in the breaker point and helps intensify
the spark in the spark plug.

a. distributor b. condenser c. ignition coil d. secondary winding e. none of the

above

28. A dynamometer test shows that an engine delivers an average output of 35 hp at a

speed of 1650 rpm. What torque is exerted in ft-lb?

a. 0.0034 b. 95 c. 111.5 d. 130.6

e. none of the above

Power = 2 (3.14159) 1650 (Torque)/(33,000) = 35 hp Torque = 111.5

29. What is the total piston displacement for a 3” × 4” four-stroke cycle engine with 4
cylinders?

a. 21,000 in3 b. 113 in3 c. 28 in3 d. 150 in3 e. 2,000 in3

TotaL Pd = 4 (π) (9/4) (4 ) = 113.09 in3

30. It is the ratio of the horsepower output of an engine to the fuel horsepower.

a. mechanical efficiency b. thermal efficiency c. power efficiency

d. volumetric efficiency e. none of the above

31. An engine uses about 0.8 lb of fuel/hp-hr. If the heating value of the fuel is 20,000
Btu/lb, what is the thermal efficiency?
 a. 20.5% b. 15.9% c. 17.2% d. 24.6% e. none of the above

((0.8 lb /hr)(20,000) BTU) (778 ft-lb/BTU)/(( 33,000)60) = 6.28 hp

b) 15.9

32. At a wind velocity of 10 m/s, a 4-meter-diamater windmill for generating electricity

can approximately generate:

a. 1.26 kilowatts b. 1.73 kilowatts c. 10.65 kilowatts

d. 3.57 kilowatts e. none of the above

Power = 0.1 (π) (16/4))(1000)/1000= 1.26

33. A 4-stroke cycle, 4 cylinder engine has a cylinder dimension of 25 cm × 50 cm. The
speed of rotation is 154 rpm and the imep is 7.5 kg/cm2. What is the ihp.

a. 76 hp b. 108 hp c. 124 hp d. 145 hp e. none of the above

= (7.5 kg/cm2)(50 cm/100)(π)(25)(25)(1/4)(154 rpm)(4)(1/2) (9.8)(1/60) = 92.6

34. A certain diesel type engine burns about 0.5 lb of fuel/hp-hr. If the heating value of
the fuel is 19,000 Btu/lb, what is the thermal efficiency?

a. 20.5% b. 15.9% c. 17.2% d. 26.8% e. none of the above

((0.5 lb /hr)(19,000) BTU) (778 ft-lb/BTU)/(( 33,000)60) = 3.73 hp

35. A tractor with a 9-in pulley is belted to a prony brake having a 24-in pulley. If the
tractor engine pulley speed is 950 rpm, the brake arm is 54 in, and the net load is 60
lb., what is the hp developed?

a. 25.2 b. 18.3 c. 34.6 d. 52.4 e. none of the above

Power = 2 π N (Torque) = 2π (9×950/24) (54/12)(60) /33,000= 18.3

36. A drawbar dynamometer shows that the average pull required for a certain machine is
12.5 kilo nt. If the tractor travels 25 m in 3.5 min, what is the power developed?

a. 2 hp b. 2.5 kilowatt c. 6.667 hp d. 0.567 kw

e. none of the above

Power = (F × d) /time = (12,500 nt) (25 ) /((3.5)(60)) = 1.5 kw

37. In a four-stroke cycle engine, it is the event during which the piston is moving upward
and the two valves are close.

a. power b. intake c. compression d. exhaust

e. none of the above

 38. During this event, fresh supply of combustible materials enter the cylinder as the
piston moves downward and the intake valve opens.

a. compression b. intake c. exhaust d. power

e. none of the above

39. The engine referred to in question no. 38 above is a:

a. 2-stroke cycle diesel engine b. 4-stroke cycle spark ignition engine

c. 2-stroke cycle spark ignition engine d. 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

e. none of the above

Answers:

1. c 2. b. 3. d 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. c

12. d 13. c 14. b 15. a 16. d 17. a 18. e 19. d 20. c 21. a 22. b

23. e 24. c 25. b 26. a 27. b 28. c 29. b 30. b 31. b 32. a 33. c

36. a 37. c 38. b 39. d.