EVIDENCE

ATTY. NESTOR M. LEYNES, III

I. Definition and Scope

Sections 1-2, Rule 128

People v. Turco, 337 SCRA 714 (2000)

II. When Not Required

Judicial Notice
Sections 1-3, Rule 129

Expertravel & Tours v. CA, 459 SCRA 147 (2005)

Prieto v. Arroyo, 14 SCRA 549 (1965)
Tabuena v. CA, 196 SCRA 650 (1991)
BPI Savings v. CTA, 330 SCRA 507 (2000)
City of Manila v. Garcia, 19 SCRA 413 (1967)
Social Justice Society v. Atienza¸ G.R. No. 156052, 13 February 2008

Qualified By
Sections 24-25, Rule 132

Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 736 (1988)

Section 46, Rule 130

Judicial Admissions
Section 4, Rule 129

Torres v. CA, 131 SCRA 24 (1984)

Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 406 SCRA 190 (2003)

Qualified By
Section 7, Rule 18
Sections 2, 4, Rule 118

Pp v. Hernandez, 260 SCRA 25 (1996)

III. Kinds

Object / Real
Section 1, Rule 130

Villaflor v. Summers, 41 Phil 62 (1920)

Rule on DNA Evidence, A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC (see cases in Part VI)
Rule on Electronic Evidence, A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC (see cases in Part VI)

Documentary
Section 2, Rule 130
Section 19, Rule 132

U.S. v. Orera, 11 Phil 596 (1907)

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 Testimonial
Section 20, Rule 130

IV. Offer and Objection

Sections 34-39, Rule 132

Philamgen v. Sweet Lines, 212 SCRA 194 (1992)

Heirs of Doromio v. Heirs of Doromio, 541 SCRA 479 (2007)
Deutsche Bank v. SEC, 481 SCRA 672 (2006)
Pp v. Yatco, 97 Phil 940 (1955)
Catuira v.CA, 236 SCRA 398 (1994)
Interpacific Transit v. Aviles, 186 SCRA 385 (1990)

Qualified By

Dizon v. CTA, G.R. No. 140944, 30 April 2008

Heirs of Saves v. Heirs of Saves, 632 SCRA 236 (2010)

Tender of Excluded Evidence

Section 40, Rule 132

Lamagan v. De la Cruz, 40 SCRA 101 (1971)

V. Presentation

Object / Real
Section 1, Rule 130

Phil. Movie Pictures Workers’ Assoc. v. Premiere Productions, Inc., 92 Phil 843 (1953)

Documentary
Sections 19-20, 22-33, Rule 132

E. Michael & Co., Inc. v. Enriquez, 33 Phil 87 (1915)

Antillon v. Barcelon, 37 Phil 148 (1917)
Lopez v. CA, L-31494, 23 Jan 1978
Lopez v. CA, L-77008, 29 Dec 1987
Pacific Asia Overseas Shipping Corp. v. NLRC, 161 SCRA 122 (1988)
ATCI Overseas Corporation v. Echin, 632 SCRA 528 (2010)

Ancient Documents
Section 21, Rule 132

Bartolome v. IAC, 183 SCRA 102 (1990)

Heirs of Lacsa v. CA, 197 SCRA 234 (1991)

Testimonial
Section 36, Rule 130
Sections 1-18, Rule 132

Pp v. Brioso, 37 SCRA 336 (1971)

Pp v. Gaddi, 170 SCRA 649 (1989)

Rights / Obligations of the Witness

Section 3, Rule 132

2
 Bagadiong v. Gonzales, L-25966, 28 Dec 1979

Qualified By

Bermudez v. Castillo, 64 Phil 483 (1937)

Pp v. Estenzo, 72 SCRA 428 (1976)

Bachrach Motor Co., Inc. v. CIR, L-26136, 30 Oct 1978

Qualified By

Fulgado v. CA, 182 SCRA 81 (1990)

Pp v. Abatayo, G.R. No. 139456, 07 July 2004

Pp v. Relucio, L-38790, 09 Nov 1978

Pp v. De Guzman, 288 SCRA 346 (1998)
Pp v. Sandal, 54 Phil 883 (1930)
Design Sources International, Inc. v. Eristingcol, G.R. No. 193966, 19 February 2014
Borromeo v. CA, L-31342, 07 April 1976

Judicial Affidavit Rule, A.M. No. 12-8-8-C

VI. Admissibility

Sections 3-4, Rule 128

Pp v. Yatco, supra

Object / Real
Section 1, Rule 130

Phil. Movie Pictures Workers’ Assoc. v. Premiere Productions, Inc., supra

Pp v. Bardaje, 99 SCRA 388 (1980)

Rule on DNA Evidence, A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC

Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Minor Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, 17

December 2007
Pp v. Umamito, G.R. No. 172607, 26 October 2007
Herrera v. Alba, GR No. 148220, 15 June 2005
In re Writ of Habeas Corpus for Reynaldo De Villa, G.R. No.
158802, 17 November 2004

Documentary

Best Evidence Rule

Sections 3-7, Rule 130
Section 3e, Rule 131

Lee v. Pp, G.R. No. 159288, 19 October 2004

Mallari v. Pp, G.R. No. 153911, 10 December 2004
DECS v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 146586, 26 January 2005
Citibank Mastercard v. Teodoro, 411 SCRA 577 (2003)
Seaoil v. Autocorp, G.R. No. 164326, 17 October 2008
Pp v. Tandoy, 192 SCRA 28 (1990)
Fiscal of Pampanga v. Reyes, 55 Phil 905 (1931)

3
 Qualified By

Air France v. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155(1966)

Compania Maritima v. Allied Free Workers Union,
77 SCRA 24 (1977)

De Vera v. Aguilar, 218 SCRA 602 (1993)

Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc, G.R. No. 171701, 08 February 2012
E. Michael & Co., Inc. v. Enriquez, supra

Qualified By
Sections 5-6, Rule 76

Rodelas v. Aranza, 119 SCRA 16(1982)

Republic Act No. 8792, Electronic Commerce Act of 2000

Rules on Electronic Evidence

MCC Industrial Sales Corp. v. Ssangyong Corp., G.R. No.

170633, 17 October 2007
Aznar v. Citibank, G.R. No. 164273, 28 March 2007
National Power Corp. v. Codilla, G.R. No. 170491, 03 April
2007

Parol Evidence Rule

Section 9, Rule 130

Duvaz Corp v. Export Industry Bank, 523 SCRA 405 (2007)

Enriquez v. Ramos, 6 SCRA 219 (1962)
Land Settlement & Dev’t v. Garcia Plantation, 7 SCRA 750 (1963)
PNR v. CFI of Albay Branch 1, 83 SCRA 569 (1978)
Maulini v. Serrano, 28 Phil 640 (1914)
Canuto v. Mariano, 37 Phil 840 (1918)

Qualified By

Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, 25 August 2010

Lechugas v. CA, 143 SCRA 335 (1986)
Abrenica v. Gonda, 34 Phil 739 (1916)

Ortanez v. CA, 266 SCRA 561 (1997)

Pacasum v. Pp, G.R. No. 180314, 16 April 2009

Interpretation
Sections 10-19, Rule 130

Lambert v. Fox, 26 Phil 588 (1914)

Capital Insurance v. Sadang, 21 SCRA 1183 (1967)

Testimonial

Disqualifications
Sections 21-24, Rule 130

Pp v. Mendoza, 254 SCRA 18 (1996)

Pp v. Baid, 336 SCRA 656 (2000)

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 Pp v. Hayag, 101 SCRA 67 (1980)

Rule on Examination of a Child Witness, A.M. No. 00-4-07-SC

Pp v. Castaneda, 88 SCRA 562 (1979)

Pp v. Francisco, 78 Phil 694 (1947)
Lezama v. Rodriguez, 23 SCRA 1166 (1968)

Goni v. CA, 144 SCRA 222(1986)

Razon v. IAC, 207 SCRA 234 (1992)

Pp v. Carlos, 47 Phil 626 (1925)

U.S. v. Antipolo, 37 Phil 726 (1918)

Uy Chico v. Union Life, 29 Phil 163 (1915)

Barton v. Leyte Asphalt and Mineral Oil Co., 46 Phil 938 (1924)
Regala v. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 122 (1996)
Orient Insurance v. Revilla, 54 Phil 919 (1930)
Pp v. Sandiganbayan, 275 SCRA 505 (1997)

Lim v. CA, 214 SCRA 273 (1992)

Krohn v. CA, 233 SCRA 146 (1994)

Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, 142 SCRA 523(1986)

See also R.A. Nos. 53 and 1477

Articles 229 and 230 of the Revised Penal Code

Privilege
Section 25, Rule 130

Admissions
Sections 26-27, 32, Rule 130
Section 4, Rule 129

Keller & Co. v. COB, 141 SCRA 86 (1986)

Pp v. Paragsa, 84 SCRA 105(1978)
Pp v. Alegre, 94 SCRA 109 (1979)
Pp v. Tia Fong, 98 Phil 609 (1956)
Pp v. Yparriguirre, 268 SCRA 35 (1997)
Pp v. Godoy, 250 SCRA 676 (1995)

Confessions
Section 33, Rule 130

Pp v. Yip Wai Ming, 264 SCRA 224 (1996)

Pp v. Wong Chuen Ming, 256 SCRA 182 (1996)

Section 17, Article III of the 1987 Constitution

R.A. No. 7438

Pp v. Tuniaco, G.R. No. 185710, 19 January 2010

Pp v. Lorenzo, 240 SCRA 624 (1995)
Pp v. Tampus, 96 SCRA 624 (1980)

Res Inter Alios Acta Rule

Sections 28 and 34, Rule 130

5
 Pp v. Alegre, supra
Pp v. Raquel, 265 SCRA 248 (1996)

Exceptions
Sections 29-31, Rule 130

Pp v. Cabrera, 57 SCRA 714 (1974)

Pp v. Yatco, supra
Tamargo v. Awingan, G.R. No. 177727, 19 January 2010
Pp v. Serrano, 105 Phil 531 (1959)
Pp v. Badilla, 48 Phil 718 (1926)
Alpuerto v. Pastor, 38 Phil 785 (1918)

Tender of Payment
Section 35, Rule 130

Hearsay Rule
Section 36, Rule 130

Philippine Free Press v. CA, 473 SCRA 639 (2005)

Dantis v. Maghinang, G.R. No. 191696, 10 April 2013
Philippine Realty v. Firematic, G.R. No. 156251, 27 April 2007

Exceptions to Hearsay Rule

Dying Declaration
Section 37, Rule 130

Pp v. Macandog, G.R. No. 129534, 8141169, 06 June 2001

Pp v. Latayada, G.R. No. 146865, 18 February 2004
Pp v. Cerilla, G.R. No. 177147, 28 November 2007
Pp v. Sabio, 102 SCRA 218 (1981)
Pp v. Ola, L-47147, 03 July 1987
Pp v. Odencio, 88 SCRA 1(1979)

Qualified By
Section 42, Rule 130

Pp v. Gueron, 121 SCRA 115 (1983)

Pp v. Lanza, 94 SCRA 613 (1979)
Pp v. De Joya, 203 SCRA 343 (1991)

Res Gestae
Section 42, Rule 130

Capila v. Pp, G.R. No. 146161, 17 July 2006

Pp v. Cudal, G.R. No. 167502, 31 October 2006
Pp v. Tolentino, 218 SCRA 337 (1993)
Pp v. Tulagan, 143 SCRA 107 (1986)
Pp v. Berame, 72 SCRA 184 (1976)
DBP v. Radio Mindanao Network, G.R. No. 147039, 27
January 2006

Declaration Against Interest

Section 38, Rule 130

Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, 03 April 2001

Heirs of Franco v. CA, 418 SCRA 60 (2003)

6
 Pp v. Toledo, supra
Fuentes v. CA, 253 SCRA 430 (1996)
Lichauco v. Atlantic Gulf & Pacific Co., supra
Pp v. Bernal, 274 SCRA 197
Philippine Free Press v. CA, supra

Act or Declaration about Family Reputation or Tradition on Pedigree

Sections 39-40, Rule 130

Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, 15 June 2005

Tison v. CA, 276 SCRA 582 (1997)
Gravador v. Mamigo, 20 SCRA 742 (1967)
Pp v. Alegado, 201 SCRA 364 (1991)

Common Reputation
Section 41, Rule 130

City of Manila v. Del Rosario, supra

In re Mallare, 59 SCRA 45

Entries in the Course of Business

Section 43, Rule 130

Security Bank v. Gan, G.R. No. 150464, 27 June 2006

Aznar v. Citibank, G.R. No. 164273, 28 March 2007
Jose v. Michaelmar Phils., G.R. No. 169606, 27 November 2009

Entries in Official Records

Section 44, Rule 130

Pp v. San Gabriel, L-107735, 01 February 1996

Pp v. Cabuang, 217 SCRA 675 (1993)
Franco Cruz v. CA, G.R. No. 172238, 17 September 2008

Commercial Lists
Section 45, Rule 130

PNOC Shipping, v. CA, 297 SCRA 402 (1998)

Learned Treaties
Section 46, Rule 130

Testimony or Deposition
Section 47, Rule 130

Tan v. CA, 20 SCRA 54 (1967)

Guevarra v. Almario, 56 Phil 476 (1932)
Toledo, Jr. v. Pp, L-36603, 30 Sept 1978
Manliclic v. Calaunan, G.R. No. 150157, 25 January 2007

Opinion Rule
Sections 48-50, Rule 130

Quianay v. Mapile, G.R. No. 154087, 25 October 2005

Bacalso v. Padigos, G.R. No. 173192, 18 April 2008
Domingo v. Domingo, G.R. No. 150897, 11 April 2005
Jao v. CA, L-49162, 28 July 1987
China Banking v. CA, G.R. No. 155299, 24 July 2007

7
 Pp vs. Adoviso, 309 SCRA 1 (1999)

Character Evidence
Section 51, Rule 130
Section 11, Rule 132
Section 14, Rule 132

U.S. v. Mercado, 26 Phil 127 (1913)

Section 201, Tax Reform Act of 1997

Republic Act No. 1405, Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits

Republic Act No. 4200, Anti-Wiretapping Act

VII. Burden of Proof

Section 1, Rule 131

Bautista v. Sarmiento, 138 SCRA 587 (1985)

Sections 1-7, Rule 133

Pp v. Peruelo, 105 SCRA 226 (1981)

Pp v. Marong, 119 SCRA 430 (1982)
Pp v. Laganzon, 129 SCRA 333(1984)
U.S. v. Lasada, 18 Phil 90 (1910)
Pp v. Baao, 142 SCRA 476 (1986)
Pp v. Amon, 133 SCRA 384 (1984)
Pp v. Notarion, G.R. No. 181493, 28 August 2008
Pp v. Ola, supra
Pp v. Jara, 144 SCRA 516 (1986)
Pp v. Soriano, G.R. No. 191271, 13 March 2013

VIII. Presumptions

Conclusive
Section 2, Rule 131

Lazo v. Republic Surety &Insurance Co., Inc., 31 SCRA 329(1970)

Disputable
Sections 3-4, Rule131

Santos v. NSO, G.R. No. 171129, 06 April 2011

Ormachea v. Trillana, 13 Phil 194 (1909)
Pp v. Padiernos, 69 SCRA 484 (1976)
Sebastian v. WCC, L-42587, 28 Feb 1978
Metropolitan Bank v. Tobias, G.R. No. 177780, 25 January 2012

IX. Special Rules

Rule on the Writ of Amparo (Sections 13, 17 and 18, A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC, 16 October 2007)

Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data (Section 1 and 16, A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC, 22 January 2008)

R.A. No. 8505 Section 6 (Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act) – rape shield rule