Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ABSTRACT
In Tamil Nadu, infrastructure development has of reference is provided against which the outcomes
increased the growth of the state economy and has of the study can be assessed. This is the intention of
generated large amount of job opportunities. Hence this study in which the context is set, and the aim and
those projects involve a large amount of investment to objectives are defined.
carry out. In view of that, if any sort of impact of
culture
ulture would lead to waste of resources and delay of The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to
construction. In this connection, this study mainly which the Tamil Nadu construction project
discusses the critical cultural factors and its performance influences organizational culture and to
assessment techniques through comparative study of develop a model to assess construction project /
construction projects across Tamil Nadu by using organizations
ons in terms of performance, and to their
questionnaire
stionnaire survey which would reveal the strong possible outcomes of cultural orientation.
correlation between the culture followed in project To achieve the above, the study would seek to:
and the outcome of the project. About 30 relevant
articles published over the last 20 years have been 1. Review the literature based on performance of
reviewed. The review resulted that a simple understanding the factors influencing the role of
assessment technique will be developed for each culture in Tamil Nadu.
project task to assess the impact of culture in
construction project easily and quickly, which will 2. Trace the evolution of ‘culture’ based on project
encourage the practitioners to do the cultural analysis culture in Tamil Nadu.
in their project. This study concluded that the earlier
3. Develop a relationship model between
cultural
al identification in the project assessment of the
performance and organizational culture.
construction will lead to the better estimation of the
escalation on time overrun. Such cultural assessments 4. Develop an instrument for diagnosing and
help to successful completion of the project. measuring organizational cultures in Tamil
Nadu.
Keywords: Tamil Nadu Construction Projects,
Culture, Performance 5. To assess the performance
perform of organizational
culture in Tamil Nadu.
I. INTRODUCTION
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
C. The Post 2011’s – Development of More classified into different types depends on nature of
Sophisticated Techniques the project. (Mustafa, 1991; Akincl et al., 1998;
Prasanta kumar dey, 2002; Ghosh et al., 2004;
There is a sharp increase in the number of cultural Wiguna and scott, 2005; Enshasi and mosa, 2008;
assessment papers published after 2011. By many wang et al., 2010; Razakhani, 2012; Goh et al., 2013).
researchers, various integrated approach is developed
for analyzing the cultural assessment in B. Methods for Analyzing Culture in Tamil Nadu
comprehensive decision making frame work.
Rezakhani (2012) classified the cultural factors under Principally two research methods are adopted across
three heads: External, Legal and internal. External Tamil Nadu namely In-Depth interview method and
cultural was sub divided into two subsets: Computation method. The In-Depth interview method
unpredictable/ uncontrollable, predictable/ has Limitation in its application. The Computation
uncontrollable and Internal cultural factor was sub method is termed to be reliable and allows data
divided into two subsets: Non- technical / controllable collection to large spectrum of organization. In most
and Technical / controllable. Further he suggested a instances Computation method is achieved by
hierarchy based cultural analysis and identified the collecting data through the use of questionnaire.
key cultural factors Goh et al (2013) identified various The current study adopted the Computation method
cultural factors in the life cycle of the project and hence questionnaire survey was used to collect
under five heads such as Planning, Design, data. The Computation
Procurement, construction, and Handling. They
discussed the cultural impact with an integrated Method is preferred than In-Depth interview method
approach which includes brain storming, checklist, since it was important that respondent answered to the
probability impact matrices, and subjective judgment. same questions that were prepared before. Firstly a
Finally they suggested that the cultural assessment Preliminary Survey was conducted across Tamil
workshop will be useful for cultural identification and Nadu to assist with developing the main
analysis, as a means of managing culture. Many questionnaire survey. The concept was to ensure
researchers have tried various approaches for questionnaire questions were absolute to yield desired
representing the interdependencies between project outcome.
culture and its complexity of the surrounding
environment (Lazzerini and Mkrtchyan, 2011). Respondents to the preliminary study gave
(Hwang et al., 2013) reported that impact of culture in suggestions that to be included in the main survey and
construction project is relatively high in large the analysis indicated certain changes to the
construction projects and this is due to time and questionnaire were necessary to be more reliable. The
budget and high profit margin. The results indicated a main questionnaire was conducted in the second stage
positive connection between cultural assessment/ of data collection. Respondents were requested to
analysis implementation and improvement in project answer on a five-point Likert scale. Respondents were
quality, cost and schedule performance of large requested to rate to which they agree or disagree
projects. based on their project performance. Each of the
scaling given a percentage to show the weightage of
III. Analysis and Discussion on Identification each answer.
and Assessment of Cultural Factors
Table 1: Likert Scale used for drafting the
A. Different Types of Culture in Construction Questionnaire
Projects
Scale Description Percentage
Culture in construction has been classified in different Allogation(%)
ways. Tah et al. (1993) categorized project culture into
external and internal risks and developed a fuzzy 5 Strongly Agree 80-100
model for analyzing cultural impact. External cultures 4 Agree 50-80
are those that are prevalent in the external
3 Neutral 50
environment of projects. Internal culture covers labor
and subcontractor. Consequently many researchers 2 Disagree 20-50
identified several cultural factors and they are 1 Strongly Disagree 0-20
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
IV. Case Study: Tamil Nadu Construction Projects From the Appendix (Section A and Section B) it is
concluded that, there is an urge for a cultural
A. Data Collection flowchart map which depicts the sources of critical
cultural factors and its impact on the construction
The impact of cultural factors identified by many
project. Accordingly a cultural flowchart map has
researches done in 4 different projects in Tamil Nadu
been developed and it is discussed below.
(2 in Chennai, 1 in Nilgiris and 1 in Nagercoil) by
drafting Questionnaire using the Appendix (Section A B. Cultural Flowchart Map
and Section B) as shown below. From the
demographic information it is understood that, factors From the review of literature, the major Cultural
like Respondents age, Respondents gender, analysis and their impact are identified. The cultural
Respondents qualification, Respondent experience, flowchart map representing the cultural sources
Respondents organization category, Respondent role affecting the project success is shown in figure 2. This
in the project (Foreman, Construction Manager, flow chart consists of various cultural factors, which
Engineer, Project Engineer, Project Manager, are forecasted or inevitable. The evitable factors
Engineering Manager etc) are the critical cultural should be forecasted during the earlier stage of the
factors in any construction projects. project whereas the inevitable factors involve
uncertainties; this should also be estimated for the
Table 2: Companies visited for Collecting successful completion of the project because these
Questionnaire cultural factors will affect the cost, time, quality of the
project.
Sl.No Name of the Address Place
Company Sources of culture in
construction
1. Priyadarshini No 3G/1, Kanagar Chennai
Construction Street,
Tiruvottiyur,
Chennai - 600019,
Opposite
Agathiyar Madam Non Engineering Engineering
Culture Culture
& Ambal Tower
2. Raja Rajan No 15, 2nd Main Chennai
Construction Road , NGO
Colony, Client Culture, Project
Adambakkam, Members Culture,
Organizational culture
Chennai - 600088, Functional Culture
Contractor Culture
Near NGO
Colony Bus
Depot, NGO
Colony
3. Dream No 90/1, Bank Nilgiris
House Colony, Coonoor (Ooty)
Construction Road, Impact leads to overrun
Nondimedu,
Ooty - 643001
4. Abinaya No 51, Court Nagercoil Affect the Project Success
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
C. Demographic Information
Information on the profile of respondents in terms of
age, gender, race, ethnicity, educational background
and organizational category is presented in this
section.
The respondent's age distribution is shown in Figure
3. The findings show that almost 2% of the
respondents were between the age of 18 and 24 years.
This group also had the lowest responses. The low
responses from the mentioned group could be that
questionnaires were sent mainly to project and
engineering managers. Most 18 to 24 year olds would
normally not be in that category of professionals who
were requested to participate in the study. The
majority of respondents constituting 45.4% of all
respondents were between the age of 25 and 34 years. Figure 4: Respondent’s Gender
This finding was not surprising as most of the
respondents were recruited from networks and The Respondents were also required to indicate their
contacts that had been formed by the researcher, highest level of education, and these qualification
whose age also falls within this group. In addition, it distributions are shown in Figure 5 below. The figure
could be because the respondents found the topic to shows that about 1.9% of the respondents had a
be interesting and therefore were keen to respond to Matric certificate, with the majority, over 90% of
the questionnaire. junior and senior management in the construction
industry having a qualification higher than Matric.
Most of the respondents had a post-graduate
qualification accounting for 50.5%, while 37.4% of
the respondents had an undergraduate qualification.
The current study benefited from the unique feature of
having respondents with such varying backgrounds
and hence assuring and reliability of the study.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Conclusion
The questionnaire survey from the four construction
Figure 7: Respondent’s company (organization) companies in Tamil Nadu is collected which reveals
category that statistically that there is ‘strong correlation
between the project culture and the project outcomes
from the Construction industry practitioners’
perspective. It is clear the practitioners focus on the
process of the project as well as on the outcomes.
However, the findings will show that the affordability
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
of developing an appropriate project culture is a major Optimizing Cost and Schedule Performance
concern of industry practitioners. The incorporation of through Best Value Project Delivery: Application
objective measures (e.g. key performance indicators) within a Design-Build Project. Journal for
will help to validate the performance evaluation. A Advancement of Performance Information and
wider survey from more areas will be helpful to Value, 5(1), 27-40.
further validate the findings. In addition, it would be
9) McKinsey & company Inc. (2009), Building
beneficial to have more in-depth interviews of parties
India: Accelerating infrastructure projects.
other than contractors to further establish the nature of
Retrieved on March 20, 2013 from URL:
culture at the project level and its impacts on the
http://www.mckinsey.com/
project outcomes. locations/india/mckinseyonindia /pdf/
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Appendix (Questionnaire)
Section A –Demography
A questionnaire of impact of culture on the performance of construction projects in Tamil Nadu State
The questionnaire is in four parts Section A and B. Section A is related to personal information about
respondent. Section B is with respect to provide some information about recently completed construction
project.
Section A General Information of respondent
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Section B – Survey (Please tick appropriate box)
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2. Team Dynamics
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3. Cultural Backgrounds Influence on project
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4. Cultural Backgrounds Influence on Decision making in projects
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5. Project Performance
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