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Web hosting is a location where people store their website to access it.
The location consists of system and internet connection, other hardware and software to provide the
service.
The hosting service providers are organizations who provide systems to store the website and access it
anywhere from the world.
You store your website files on the system provided by hosting service provider. You can access it
anywhere from the world.
The hosting provider gives you internet connectivity to access all your files. Everyone can access the data
in the format of the website.
Only you have the control over the modification of your web files.
3. What is Cpanel?
Cpanel is a web based interface which gives control to access and manages the websites from creating
the email to managing subdomain.
Also, Cpanel provides a lot more facilities other than the services mentioned above.
It is a simple interface; even non-professional can work with the Cpanel and can maintain their website
themselves.
A data center is a place where a lot of storage systems and servers are implemented by the hosting
service provider to offer service to more people.
A lot of highly configured servers with various configuration and high-level memory storages are
combined to provide the service.
The data center has high power connection and high bandwidth internet connection to provide faster
and 24*7 service.
You often watch that the website hosting provider mentions 99.9% uptime. It is the amount of time your
site is online without going offline.
Downtime is the amount of time your website is offline.
The uptime had difference and mentioned as 99.0%, 99.9%, 99.99% and 100%
Most of the companies provide 99.9% uptime. It means the site has the down time of 1.44 minutes per
day.
Some even offer 99.99%. There the site has 8.66seconds of downtime per day.
Now cloud hosting service providers say that they can give 100% uptime. It is possible by accessing
different servers virtually.
Google refers it as
"the part of a network address which identifies it as belonging to a particular domain."
Domain name refers to the IP of the system which hosted the website.
Domain name registration is a process of registering a name to represent IP address of system which
contains your website. Remembering a name is easier than remembering the numbers.
Domain gives you an identity and easier access to your website by typing the name.
8. What is DNS?
The DNS stands for domain name system. It contains the database of IP addresses and corresponding
domain names.
The DNS server provides the client with the appropriate IP address to the domain name.
When you request a website with its domain name, first it goes to DNS.
The DNS resolves the domain name and gives the IP address of the domain.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol assigns a temporary IP to the client within the range of number
system so that it can access the internet with its identity.
The system which gained IP from DHCP is called DHCP client. When you connect a system to the Internet
first, it is related to DHCP to obtain an IP address.
After allocating IP, the DHCP provides the information to DNS server.
The hosting is free of charge for free hosting, but the provider may place ads on your website. You have
to buy a domain name.
The free hosting is slow, and it goes down frequently. You get slight space to host your website.
Shared hosting method, The domain shares a single server with other domains. Each domain has limits
for bandwidth, FTP, Disk space, email accounts, and database.
Most hosting provider provides unlimited bandwidth to the hosted domains based on the plan they
choose.
FTP is the client-server protocol used to transfer file between client and server on the network. The user
can upload, download, delete, move and rename the file on the server.
A database is a collection of associated data created and maintained by the application of the system to
process it quickly.
IP is the acronym of Internet Protocol. It is the method by which the data packet is sent from one
computer to the internet. Each computer on the web at least has one IP address.
A dedicated server is fully dedicated to only one organization, and it does not share its resource to any
other organization. The dedicated server has its unique IP address.
You buy your server and place it on a hosting service provider, and the hosting service provider
maintains the server by providing power supplies, internet connection and other physical requirements
for the server.
In the dedicated server, the server is divided into some virtual private server by allocating resources.
It acts same as the dedicated server and has the unique IP address. The user has the root access to the
server.
WHCMS is a billing solution for your web hosting service, Where you can manage all your domains,
products, orders, clients, and payments.
In a fully managed server, hosting service provider does everything for the domain owner including
managing panel and billing.
In the semi-managed server, the hosting service provider only installs the website. Remaining all other
things should be managed by the domain owner.
Email hosting is an internet hosting service that operates email servers which provide the premium
email which has more features other than free email hosting service which inserts add and provides
small memory space?
Internet message access protocol is email protocol which is used to access the message in the server
from a local client. IMAP and POP3 are the most used protocol.
A Linux server is a system installed with Linux operating system which gives the unmetered performance
to business applications and high traffic websites.
Windows Server is a group of systems powered by Windows operating system which gives unleashed
performance to online applications, database, and communications.
WHM is same as of WHMCS. WHMCS is for resellers. But WHM is for hosting companies purpose. Both
does the same job.
Using WHM you can install Cpanel and allocate spaces to the user account.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol; It is used to send mail from email client to the server,
or it is used when one email server mail to another email server.
Wordpress is developed on PHP and people from all over the world are working on it to add more
feature and improve it more.
Softaculous an auto script installer, which installs required scripts in a single click and they are adding
more scripts to their library.
A firewall is network security system which prevents unauthorized access and controls the network
traffic between trusted network based on the set of rules.
Acting as the barrier between trusted network and untrusted network. The term is created by the
professionals in network security.
IPv4 is the 4th version of IP. Which is widely used in data communication? IPv4 is used in pocket
switching layers such as Ethernet.
IPv6 is the sixth version of Internet protocol, which is created to replace current IPv4. It is developed to
manage the growth in the amount users of the web.
IPv4 does not have sufficient unique address. It has 4.3 billion unique addresses. However, it is not
enough for users.
Drupal is an open source software used by many individuals to create many types of websites. It does
not require any coding knowledge.
Open Cart is an online solution which provides templates, payment gateway integrations, product
review and product rating.
Where you can select a theme and add unlimited products, you have multiple choice for payment
gateway integration.
You can add various shipping methods, different currencies, and languages.
Joomla is an online content management system which helps to create dynamic websites and powerful
online application. Many extensions are written for Joomla.
Content management system is a set of software or applications used to create and maintain electronic
content.
Many CMS offer GUI based control which you can access through web browsers.
Sitelock is an online security software which scans your website for malware and loopholes which
attacker can try to use.
It removes the malware from the sites and alerts you in the case of any hack or security threat.
The SSL stands for secure socket layer which ensures the private connection between the browser and a
web server by encrypting the data transfer. It prevents intruders to steal your data.
Migration is moving your domain from one hosting service provider to another hosting service provider.
It may cause downtime.
Domain transfer is transferring your domain from your domain registrar to new registrar or another
register. After the transfer, the another registrar maintain the domain information.
Only the domains which are 60 days old from the date buying from the previous registrar can be the
transferred.
The process of paying the charge to maintain it and to ensure the domain registration information is
called domain renewal.
You can register the domain for specific years with domain name registrar.
SSD stands for solid state drive. It is flash non-volatile memory, which can be used to store persistent
data.
SSD has microchips to store the data. It does not have any moving part, so it works faster.
HDD stands for the hard disc drive. It uses the magnetic plate to store data. It has a moving head to read
and write data. It works slower than SSD.
Clef is two-step authentication process, and it allows the user to login to your website by simply showing
the smartphone to the display.
There is no on forgetting password. Clef increases the registration conversion by an average of 30%
50. What is SPDY?
SPDY is used by Google to speed up the web load and reduce the time taken for web loading. It enables
the process through compression and priorities.
RailGun is a premium technology which is software installed on your host. It stores your website content
to 40 data centers across the world.
When a user requests your websites, the RailGun software provides the content with the nearby data
center to the user location.
Plesk is a web hosting based software. It allows the user to create email accounts, reseller accounts and
manage the number of virtual hosting on a single server.
It automates many processes and reduces the cost of the maintenance to the user.
IP firewall is a free BSD IP packet filter and traffic manager. It allows the user control the traffic. Also,
allows blocking set of IPs to visit the site.
Backup is copying you the data or database and store it another medium. In the case of any failure or
data corruption, the stored data can be used.
Backup is a regular activity performed in the specific interval at many data storages.
Malware scanner is a software consist of malware detection function. It scans all files to detect malware.
It alerts you on threat and malware scripts.
Memcache is a general-purpose distributed memory system. Which is used to speed up the dynamic
database by caching data and object in Random Access Memory to reduce reading the database often?
Rocket Loader is an asynchronous javascript which enables the web page to load faster. It makes the
javascript load after the complete content load of the internet page.
The payment gateway is an online payment solution, which accepts online payment modes, including
credit card, debit card, and other payment wallets.
It takes responsibility for online transaction in using a credit card and debit cards.
In unmanaged hosting, the hosting service provider gives Raw server only. Other than OS we have to
install everything including software and plug-ins.
CageFS is virtualized file system built in with cloud Linux. It allocates and limits the resource for each
user in the system. However, the user is not aware of the presence of CageFs.
They cannot see the server information. Each user is in a cage, but they do not fall as they are in the
cage.
Reseller hosting is a hosting service where the user can sell his allocated hosting resource with his brand
name behalf of his/her service provider.
SSL certificates are issued to the domain, and it encrypts the data transfer with the domain name only. It
does not provide encryption to IP addresses.
However, SSL certificates can be given to Public IP address those who want to use their IP address
Publicly.
64.What is Private DNS?
Private DNS is domain name server that is available to its associated domain only. VPS, Dedicated server
can use the Private DNS. It is not related to hosting service provider DNS.
The domain lock is protecting feature provided by domain name registrar to its client.
It prevents unauthorized transfer of the domain from one registrar to another registrar and modifies the
information about the domain name.
A dedicated IP address is unique IP address fully owned by the single hosting account. The address
cannot be used to other accounts.
A denial of service attack is an attack made to a destination computer to interrupt its service with heavy
traffic and does not allow the genuine user to access the service.
DDoS is an acronym of distributed denial of service. It is an attack on destination computer with heavy
traffic to interrupt the service.
It is performed by injecting Trojan virus to multiple systems and enable all those to access the target
server at the particular system.
A cluster is a software program which allows the server computer to work as a group to increase the
performance of the servers and ensure the high availability.
An email filter is a program which categories the email into different folders. It provides the option to
categorize your emails into your required categories like Personal, social, promotion, subscription.
Boxtrapper is a powerful anti-spam tool used in Cpanel to prevent spam emails. The sender who is not in
your whitelist needs to reply to a verification mail.
Blacklist a mechanism which denies access to a source from blocked list. The block list contains the
information of users list or IP list which is trying to access the source with intending to spam.
We can block those IPs from accessing the source by blacklisting it.
The Whitelist is the index consisting of IPs which are genuine and are approved to get full access to the
source.
Mail Transfer Agent uses temporary mail rejecting method called "email greylisting." It rejects mail from
unknown sources temporarily.
If the mail is appropriate, the sender will again try to deliver the message.
The disc space is the amount of computer storage on devices like the Hard disk, SSD, USB drive and
RAM.
The domain extension is the suffix of the domain name which represents the purpose of the website.
CCTLD is the acronym of country code top level domain. Which is used to represent the country with its
TLD? For example .au, .in, .fi are the CCTLD.
79. What is the theme?
The theme is the User Interface used in the control panel. This theme can give you custom view for the
user.
A package is a set of defined feature, i.e., add-ons which decide what user can access in their hosting
package. The service provider shows you the package with its features.
Based on the package User get features. If the price is high the more feature, you have.
Feature manager is an Interface, which allocates accessible features in Cpanel for the specific packages.
Feature manager assigns the options in control panel. It decides which feature can be accessed by
control panel which control should be prevented
SQL is the acronym for Structured Query Language, which is used to communicate the database. We can
manipulate the data in the database using SQL.
It has embedded with PHP for websites which have the requirement for database operations.
It is Microsoft SQL server which is a relational database management system. It stores the data and
maintains the database.
It is relational database management system, and the data are stored in a table format which has rows
and columns.
85.What is subdomain?
A subdomain is the smaller part of the vast domain. It contains root domain name. However, replaces
the www with its name.
You can add multiple domains to your account based on your plan.
An URL redirect is a World wide web function which forward one website URL to another website URL.
It redirects users and search engines from original page to another web page.
The common URL redirects are 301 and 302. Here 301 represents permanent move, and 302 represents
the temporary move of the URL.
Web Disc or Web Dav is a protocol that helps to access your files easily on the internet from your
desktop.
It allows you to create a folder on your computer that connects to your hosting account directly and
allows you to manage and control files on the web as same as stored on your local computer.
The Sender Policy Framework is a protocol which helps to fight spam mailing. It decides the IP/hostname
from that email can be sent to destination.
The SPF has TXT record in DNS zone file. It contains the list of IP/hostnames from where the mail can be
sent.
Domain Keys Identified Mail is a method to find and prevent mail spoofing and forged mail. It gives a
method to sender and receiver to check the mail that it is sent from the authorized domain.
Also, it ensures that the email is not altered during the transit
The .htaccess file is a configuration file placed in the web directory. This is called as hypertext access file.
It is used in the web directory, and it controls the URL redirection, URL shortening, and content
password protection.
The Php.ini file is a configuration file which is required by the application which needs PHP to run.
A computer virus is a piece of program which affects the systems files, CPU usage, Memory usage and
corrupt data.
It multiplies itself and modify the programs and make changes in the system without user knowledge.
Quarantine is the space used by anti-virus software to isolate the virus programs in it. The virus in the
Quarantine is no longer active.
Email spamming is mailing the same copy of the mail to the group of people who does not request for it.
It forces people to receive and see the mail without their permission.
A cron is a task scheduler in Linux, which schedules the task which has to be executed shortly.
Daemon is the program which runs under the operating system secretly rather than run under the direct
user.
98.What is Script?
A script is a program or set of instructions that are carried out by another program rather than
processed by the computer process.
Suspicious files are the files which cannot be disinfected during the scan. They have the unusual
characteristics.
100. What is a remote server?
A Remote server is a server which you can access from another computer or server from a distance.
You can get almost all access to the remote server from a distance.
The Fatal error is a mistake that makes the program to abort and returns the user to the operating
system.
When this error occurs, you lose all those data which is associated with the program.
A password is a set of characters which is used to gain access to the computer, file or any other system-
oriented activity.
The email client is a computer program which allows the user to send, receive and manage their mail.
The mail works in a client-server architecture the email client works as a customer and sends the mail to
the server.
The server then reroutes the mail to another client which is the actual recipient.
CRM is the acronym of Customer Relationship Management. It is the method used by companies to
track and analyze their customer history to improve the communication to retain the client.
Content Management System is a software which helps the user to create and manage digital content
through online. E.g CMS are Wordpress and Joomla.
Model View Controller is an architectural pattern in the .net framework which divides applications into
three parts.
They are Model, View, Controller.
108.What is hacking?
Hacking is an activity in which an anonymous user gains unauthorized access to the system to obtain full
control over the system. The hacker uses the system for his purpose.
Security is providing protection to a particular thing to prevent unauthorized access, damage and
vulnerability to this stuff. Security provides the guarantee.
The error log is a record of the history of errors which occurred during the server operation, table
corruption. The error log message has two variable 1 and 0.
If server variable is one, then the log is entered into error logs.
Directory Privacy is the feature which denies access to other people who try to view the directory. When
they attempt to the directory, the system will ask for username and password.
The publisher of a website is a person's contacts details who owns or maintains the domain name. It
provides the information about hosting details and the owner phone number and contact information.
Website Builder is a tool provided by web hosting companies. It helps the user to build websites without
manual coding.
The error is a mistake that occurs during the computer operations and makes the system not to function
correctly.
Mod security is an open source web-based firewall. It is supported by all web servers like Apache, Nginx
and IIS.
Secure Shell is a Unix-based command interface to get secure access to the remote server. It has three
utilities Slogin, ssh and SCP. All SSH commands are encrypted and secured.
The user posts their username and password publically so that unauthorized user can access the Cpanel.
It is called Leeching.
Cpanel provides the protection against leaching by limiting the number of time a user can login for a
specific period.
The user can log in four times per two hours. If anybody tries to fifth login time. Then they will be
redirected to another URL.
Hotlink protection is a method to protect your bandwidth by limiting the access of your web file for
other websites. For example.
Perl is a general-purpose programming language initially used for text manipulation, but now it is used
for various purpose.
Perl is used in many tasks like network programming, system administration, web development and
more.
A web hosting package is set of features which include the database, domains, subdomains, addon
domains, disc space, bandwidth, FTP accounts, email accounts and add-ons which are available with a
specific resource limitation.
The user can select the package from available packages one or they configure the new package.
Question 2 : To make your website mobile friendly, you can make your website
a) Responsive
b) Reactive
c) Fast Loading
d) Light
Answer : a (Responsive)
d) It is mail service
c) It is a Software
d) It is a database
c) It is a Software
d) It is a database
a) Power Point
b) Excel
c) Dream Weaver
d) ERP
a) WordPress
b) Drupal
c) Magneto
d) SAP
Answer : d (SAP)
d) Though more expensive than shared hosting, Dedicated hosting is more secure
a) Hostgator
b) Blue Host
c) WPX Hosting
d) Facebook
Answer : d (Facebook)
a) The web designer shouldn’t just be concerned about the looks but also about user interface
c) a and b
Answer : c ( a & b)
d) a & b
Answer : d (a & b)