Disaster Resilient Housing in hilly areas

Dr Hemant Kumar Vinayak

Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology Hamirpur
Himachal Pradesh
email: hemant.vinayak@gmail.com
Ph: 9418075886
 Sendai Frame work – 4 priorities for action
Priority 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction

through structural and non-structural measures

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 Construction Practice – Concern RCC
RCC Framed Construction in Hills - Many along the roads

Inappropriate practice – whether codal provision

enforcement is only possible through byelaws ?

How to avoid soft storey

Whether such construction can be avoided/

be asked to carry out construction as per
codal provision
Inappropriate design –
Buildings outside corporation
limits might be rarely designed
 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions RCC
RCC Construction – Incorrect slab leading to economic loss

No Negative steel

Inappropriate practice – Due to ignorance / incomplete knowledge

Requirement-Continuous capacity building of supervisor/mason/bar bender

Habit of saving money by avoiding slope

independent construction,

Inappropriate design –
Buildings outside corporation
limits lack design correctness
 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions RCC
RCC Construction – Vertical Irregularity

Inappropriate practice – Due to owner’s planning

Requirement- Restriction at the owner’s end

Whether site conditions force the owner to

adopt non codal compliant structures

Inappropriate design –
Floating wall
Engineered Construction Municipal Area

DHARAMSHALA

BHUJ EQ
Indian Standards by BIS
IS 456: 2000
IS 1893:2002
IS 13920: 1993

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 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Building materials

90 deg. stirrup

135 deg. Stirrup

Extra cost 25%

Extra cost Washed sand Rs 3/m3

Requirement – Extra Cost benefit sensitization

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Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Steel

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Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Building materials

Extra cost – For Ductile steel bar 9

 Construction Practice –Suggestions RCC
RCC Construction – Infill choice
ACC Block
Brick Masonry

Appropriate practice – Use of light ACC block to reduce building cost,

increase life safety, reduce thermal load of buildings during winters

Issue –Owner unaware / Fear of security / sensitization – thermal efficiency

Requirement- Awareness programme and appropriate application

 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions RCC
Irregularity exist as per the codal guidelines
Code 1893 -2002 - Defined irregularity to exist for buildings more than 12 m height
Code 1893 -2016 - Defines irregularity to be consider even for building of 3m

Code 13920 – 1993 - Defined minimum column size to 300 mm

Code 13920 – 2016 - Defined minimum column size to 400 mm / 500 mm
(with min. R/F in beam - 16mm /25 mm)

These aspects are at least required to be penetrated into construction

practice to avoid deficient construction among masses. (New Construction)

Gap between design on paper and code - NIL

Gap between design on paper and field - Varies – Area to Area

Requirement – Capacity building of supervisor/ mason as per new codal

provision

Best alternative to RCC construction practice is Confined Masonry

 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Confined masonry

Confined masonry RCC with infill

NBC 2016
Confined acceptable
RCC –not acceptable
if not designed
Confined Masonry is an evolution over RCC being practiced extensively
for saving money/ time, appears to RCC thus giving psychological safety
without any analysis. Now recognized by BIS in SP7 : 2016

Benefit – Rigorous structural analysis not required, Guidelines given in SP

7 part 4 section 6 Annexure E be followed

Whether such confined masonry should be propagated at a large scale as it

will always be very close to codal provision.
 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Confined masonry

RCC Column
Confined masonry

Scope of Switch – These is fine difference between Confined Masonry and

RCC column. Integrated with Masonry / not integrated with masonry

Requirement – Owner will have to understand the difference through

Sensitization Programmes
Non Provision of Earthquake Resistant Features, Sponsored Project 2012 HPSDMA

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 Non-Engineered Construction

Indian Standards by BIS

IS 4326:2013 /1993
IS 13827: 1993
IS 13828:1993
Codal Provisions beyond common man’s
understanding

Society has moved as per its own understanding/requirement

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Engineers/Architects – Are not involved in all construction

BIS codes are not a common man’s manual

IEC material is not available at Grassroot level to the extent required.

Rural Area –
Common man is anyway making its own design layout (Architect role)
Structural design is mason dependent – (Engineer’s role)
Supervision – Not necessary (mason perspective)
Safety – At your own risk

Can – Self certification of construction be talked about – Make the

owner understand through training / distribution of IEC/ready reckoner at
village/ Panchayat level.

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 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Traditional

Kath Kunni Dhajji Diwari Kath Kunni

Dhajji Diwari
Thatra
Traditional earthquake resistant construction have prooven
themselves but prone to fire – Kotla village, Rohru
Initiative – BIS does not recognise presently / Can state can take
initiative / will be much closure to BIS requirement
Fire resistant technology are available –eg. CASPOL from ISRO etc.
Requirement – Sensitization at grass root level / state level dept.

Objective – Preserve traditional architecture in land/state of wood

Many state dept. are functioning in wooden building
 Construction Practice – Concern and Suggestions Advanced

LGSF Puff Panel

Prefabricated hence quality control of material more reliable

Issue – Adaptability by the society / will be much closure to BIS

requirement
Requirement – State dept. can check for such fast disaster resilient
construction technologies.
 Retrofitting vs Strengthening – Concern and Suggestions RCC

Issue – State dept. do not have required data

Requirement – Strengthen, Reduce dead load , Reduce Risk
 Retrofitting – Concern and Suggestions Masonry

Splint and bandage technique

Brick masonry
Dressed Stone masonry

Issue – Random Rubble wall to be jacketed

Requirement – Understanding application procedure as per
IS 13935-2009

Handbook on SEISMIC Retrofit of buildings 2007 available

SOR – is still awaited / Can initiative be taken
 Retrofitting – Masonry

GSSS – Totu

GHS – Totu

GSSS (Boys)– Dharamshalla

DPS Mall Road Shimla – In progress
Non- Engineered Construction - Essential Clause of BIS Code

Provision Required

a. Vertical Steel

b. Horizontal Steel in band with ties

c. Opening to wall length ratio

d. Wall thickness Stone/ Brick 22

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 Mason Guide
hp4-Lahul & Spiti, Solan
Kinnaur, Shimla, Sirmaur
Residential Buildings

hp5- Hamirpur, Chamba, Una

Kangra, Mandi Kullu,
Bilaspur (Residential and Non
residential building

hp4 - non residential building

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 Thank you
It all depends how we are able / want to handle the things
Use more complicate solution and be
workable and then talk of efficient
implementation

Be Innovative / Be simple and still

workable
Prevalent Construction
Engineers/Architects – Are not involved in all construction
L-59184/2014

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