FORM 3 SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICITY

Electrostatics 3. There are two kinds of charges produced by

friction:
1. a. Atom
a. Like charges always repel each other
b. Unlike charges always attract each other
c. Object that is charged can attract
i. Neutral objects such as pieces of paper
ii. Opposite charged objects

4. Electroscope
b. i. Neutral Atom a. To detect small charges
is number of electrons equal number of b. To test the type of charges
protons.
ii. Positive ion / Positive charged
is number of electrons less than number of
protons.
iii. Negative ion / Negative charged
is number of electrons more than the
number of protons.

2. Electrostatics c. The gold leaf will diverge when charged

a. Is static electricity due to rubbing friction object brought near the brass cap.
of two different insulators. d. The gold leaf will close when the charged
object and electroscope have different
charges.
e. The gold leaf will diverge further when
charged object and electroscope have same
charges.
f. Charge Charge on
brought
electroscope Gold leaf
b. It becomes positive charges when loss of near
electrons are removed like glass, fur and + /− Neutral Diverge
hair. + –
Close
c. It becomes negative charges when receive – +
of electrons like silk, polythene, balloon + + Diverge
and ebonite or plastic comb. – – further
d. Neutral
object +/– Close
(fire, water,
conductor)

WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.MY
5. Everyday phenomenon related to static
electrical charges
- Spraying paint - Hair stand up when it is
- Lightning combed
- Spark plug - Petroleum’s lorry
- Aeroplane tanker a. Ammeters (unit Ampere, A)
- Lighter i. To measure electric currents
ii. Connected in series,
6. Van de Graf Generator iii. Current is flow of electric charge / flow
- to generate high voltage of electrostatic of electrons in a wire.
b. Voltmeters (unit Volt, V)
i. To measure the voltage/potential
different
ii. Connected in parallel across the
component, positive to positive terminal
/ negative to negative terminal.
iii. Voltage is potential different between
two points in a circuit.
c. Ohm’s Law

- Observation
the pointer on the galvanometer moves.
- Explanation
positive charges from the output terminal
attract electrons from the earth through the
water pipe. This flow of electrons causes d. i . Resistance is obstruction of current
the pointer on the galvanometer to move, flow in a conductor. Higher resistance
indicating that electricity is presence. produces more heat.
- Conclusion ii. Resistance of a wire affected by
Electricity current is flow of electric - diameter / thickness of wire (thinner
charges (electrons ) in one direction. wire has more resistance than thick
wire).
7. Measuring electricity - type of wire ( nichrome wire has more
Unit Function resistance than copper wire).
to measure current - the length of wire ( the longer the
Ampere
a. Ammeter flow of electricity length of wire, the higher the
(A)
charge resistance)
to measure
b. Volmeter Volt (V) potential
different/voltage
to obstruction to
c. Resistance Ohm ( Ω )
current’s flow.
WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.MY
8. Electric Component and symbols
a. Dry cell d. Fius

b. Ammeter e. Voltmeter
c. Fixed f. Switch
resistor

g. Rheostat
- central amount of current
in a circuit
h. Galvanometer

FORM 3 SCIENCE CHAPTER 8 GENERATING OF ELECTRICITY

1. Type of generator
a. Thermal generators
- use fuel such as petroleum, gas and
coal and other example such as gas
(generator and diesel generator)

d. Nuclear power generator

b. Gas Turbine
2. a. Renewable/
b. Non-renewable
Alternative
- wind / wave - fossil fuel
- solar / tides (petroleum, coal,
c. Hydroelectric generators - biomass natural gas)
- charcoal - nuclear / radioactive
- firewood
- geothermal

WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.MY
3. Electrical supply and wiring system at iii. Each electrical appliance will
home (240 V alternating current ) receive the same voltage.
a. Main switch = cut off or join the f. There are two types of wiring
current circuits at home:
b. Main fuse = to break /cut off the circuit i. Lighting circuit
if there is a leakage, short-circuit or ii. Power circuit
large current
c. Electric meter = to record the 4. Integrated circuits are used in
amount of energy - computers
used - handphones
- calculators
d. Fuse box = same as main fuse
e. All the electrical circuits in a house
are connected in parallel.
i. Each electrical appliance can be
switched on and off independently
ii. A fault in any circuit will not cause
a fault in other circuits.

FORM 3 SCIENCE CHAPTER 9 STAR AND GALAXIES

1. The Sun − The atmosphere of the Sun is made up
− The sun is at the center of the Solar of three layers.
System.
− The huge mass of the Sun causes it to
have a large force of gravity. This
causes all other objects in the Solar
System to orbit around it.

2. A. The Universe
i. The Universe consists of billions of galaxies.
ii. All the galaxies in the Universe are constantly moving away from each other.

FORM 3 SCIENCE CHAPTER 10 SPACE AND EXPLORATION

- No notes

WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.MY