《新的中国 a New China》普北教材

ANewChina
An Intermediate Reader of Modem Chinese
Revised Eclition
ANewChina
An Intermediate Reader ofModem Chinese
Revised Edition
Chou
Chiang
Eagar
Princeton University Press

Princeton and Oxford
All rights reserved.
Revised Edition
May2011
Chinese Linguistics Project

218 Frist Hall
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
ANewChina
Table of Contents
lX
Preface to the Revised Edition Xl

.
.. .
Xlll
Preface XV
List of Abbreviations XV l1
11
24
37
46
54
62
69
78
89
100
113
V
121
127
134
142
153
162
170
182
192
200
208
219
226
235
243
250
260
269
278
288
298
308
317
326
335
Vl
343
350
360
370
378
386
395
405
415
427
435
Pinyin Index 445
Eng1ish Index 472
Grammarlndex 499
503
Vll
lX
Preface to the Revised Edition
The first draft of A New China came out in 1997. The book was
fonnally published by Princeton University Press in 1999.
In the past ten not only has Chinese society a
period of enonnous change, but technology has also improved by leaps and
bounds. A New China has been revised in order to better reflect these changes.
In the process of creating this revised edition, we have tried our hardest to have
the text of contemporary China. We have also taken the
opportunity to correct a few errors.
For ease of use, we have combined the original edition's two volumes
into one. We have also placed a traditional version of each lesson
simplified version instead of having simplified and traditional versions of each
lesson on altemate pages.
Our colleagues Teng Kuan Ng, Noelle Lyle, and Cara Healey proofread
the English sections of this revised edition, and Princeton teachers Li Xu and
Jingjing Zhang reviewed the manuscript in its teachers
2009 and 2010 summer sessions of Princeton in Beijing and at Princeton
University during the 2009 and 2010 academic years all offered valuable
insights. We extend our sincere thanks to the above for their we
as authors take full responsibility for any errors remaining in the text.
Chih-ping Chou
Joanne Chiang
Jianna Eagar
October 15, 2010
Xl
X111
XIV
Preface
China has experienced rapid changes over the past two decades. The
Chinese Language Program at Princeton University is publishing A New China
to supplement previous textbooks and provide up-to-date material
changing face of China.
Like some earlier series, A New China is

the perspective of a foreign student who has just arrived in China. Its
predecessor A Trip to China reflects Chinese society in the early 1980s and
China to the Westem world. In A New China, we no longer
China to the West, but rather contemporary China to its pre-reform
When we compared China and the West, we found it inevitable that
China fell short in many respects. In our comparison between
and pre-reform China, however, we have found great improvements in Chinese
society in the recent decade. These improve:Q1ents have in fact narrowed the
gap between China and the westem world.
Nowadays in the field of Chinese language instruction in the U.S. , it

has become very popu1ar to publish textbooks in "business Chinese." We insist,
providing a solid foundation in grammar and pronunciation is
more essential than teaching vocabulary geared toward speci:fic usage.
As we have done in previous textbooks, we have made every inA

New China to fi l1 each lesson not on1y with mere description and dialogue, but
also with the authors' viewpoints. We will provoke discussion and
wil1 inspire students' interest in Chihese.
The A New China was written in the summer of 1997 and was
field- tested 1998 session of Princeton in Beijing summer intensive
language program. The book was wel1 received by students. As in previous
textbooks , we have included and simplified versions of the text.
For the first time , however, we have included vocabulary on the same page as
the text. This change should make the book more convenient for students. We
have also added several new exercises.
xv
We would sincerely like Eagar, Kara Wortman,
Jennifer Hunt, and Robin Workman, who have taken pains to edit the English
glossary and grammar notes. Their efforts have greatly improved the English
portions of this book. Matthew also designed the cover which has significantly
enhanced the presentation text. We would also like to extend thanks to
our colleaIDles, Xia Chiang Mien-hwa, An Yanming, and Dai Xiaoxue,
who have made valuable final revision of the textbook. Any
errors are responsibility of the authors.
Chih-ping Chou
Joanne Chiang
Jianna Eagar
Princeton University
February 28, 1999
XVl
List of Abbreviations
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
AN auxiliary noun
aux. auxiliary
comp complement
conjunctìon
idm. idiom
ínterj ectíon
L lesson
n. noun
No. number
o.
pref prefix ,
preposítíon
pron. pronoun
prov. proverb
p.W. place word
suffix
t.W. timeword
v. verb
v.-c. verb-complement
v.-o.
XVll
Characters pronounced with a neutra1 tone are transcribed not with a tone
marker on top of the main vowel, as ordinary but with a dot
before the initial consonant, such as zhuõ.zi. Characters usually
pronounced with a neutra1 tone but occasionally with a
a tone marker and a dot before the initial consonant, such as
where 7;) is usually pronounced neutral tone but sometimes
with a fa1ling tone (the fourth tone). When there can be an insertion between
two characters, a // is added, such as fÍl/fà. The phonetic notation for
a11 is based on Xiandai Hanyu Cidian published by The Commercial
Press.
The numbers in parentheses within the lesson text correspond to the

grammar notes for that lesson.
XV11l
n. Beijing
fëijï n. airplane
zhunshí adv./adj. punctual1y; on time
jiàngluò v. land; descend

shoudü n. capital
l intemationa1
n. airport
wàishìchù n. foreign affairs office
pal v. dispatch; send
Zhãng n. Zhang (a
xiãn.sheng n. Mr.
Jle v. meet; w e1come; fetch
tongguo v. pass; pass through; go through
n. customs
danxïn v. worry; fe e1 anxious
dài v. take; bring;
1
Huãhuã gõngzI n. Playboy
it is say
duì prep. about; toward; on; to
n. type; category
zazhì n.
chã v. check; inspect
yan adj. severe; stem
adv. luckily; fortunately

adv. utterly; completely; at all (always
used in negative sentences)
v.-c. open
xíng .l i n. luggage; baggage
rang v. let; allow
hòulai n.
zuòlI.shàng get on (a vehic1e)
bù AN measure cars or movles
dàbã n. large bus

kãi v. drive (a car)
chà .bu around; about (a certain number)
2
yìnxiàng n. lmpreSSlOn
v./n. check; examine; inspect; inspection
song adj. loose; slack
chénglT p. w. within the city; downtown
gaosù n.
adj. wide; broad
pmg adj. flat; smooth; level
xiàndàihuà adj./n. modem, modernization
xlangxlang v./n. imagine, imagination
ancient; age-old
adj. excited
n. dormitory
shü .fu adj.
búguò adv. but; however
shíchã n. jet lag; time difference
guan.xl n. relevance, relationships (used
indicate cause or reason)
yìzhí adv. a11 the way; a11 a1ong; continuously
V. -c. f a11 asleep
3
Text in Traditional Characters)
GrammarNotes)
1t was at seven o'clock this the plane landed as scheduled

at Beijing Capita1 1ntemationa1 Airport.
Together with a word or phrase denoting
prepositional phrase which can be placed before a verb as an adverbial
phrase. For instance,
construction indicates the place where an action occurs. When placed
after the verb as a complement, can also indicate the place
at which a person has arrived after or as a resu1t of the action, e.g.
Moreover, verbs
4
can be modified by either
therefore, it is
When 1 passed through customs, 1 was a worried.

indicates a small degree of something dissatisfactory or
disagreeable. It can negative forms. The " n can
also optionally be dropped.
1 felt a little uncomfortable yesterday.
1 am a bit tired today.
It is China' s customs is very strict about inspecting this kind of

magazme.
hearsay. The phrase may sometimes be split to provide
additional information. Note: This phrase is in the passive voice, and thus
a subject cannot be added before it.
It is studied only one year of Chinese before he came to

China.
According to Mr. man whom the school sent, present-day

Beij ing is completely the old Beijing.
takes a noun or verb-object construction as its object, which is

the recipient of the verb that follows.
He knows very about China' s situation.
1 have a very good impression ofBeijing's
5
Fortunately, they let me pass without opening my luggage at a11.
out an advantageous condition in
circumstances. It is an adverb, and there is no negative form.
This was the I' d been to Beijing, and 1 was a little nervous:
Fortunately, Mr. Zhang, the man whom the school sent, was at the
aírport to meet me.
Luckily the school is not too far. You can get there in about one hour
bydriving.
modifies a negative form and conveys a strong feeling.
The customs inspection isn't strict at all. You don't need to worry.
He doesn't know how to drive at a11. How could you ask him to pick
someone up at the airport?
this context means "to let" or "to a110w (someone to do

something)."
Let him do it.
My mother doesn't a110w me to eat and read at the same time.
Later on we rode in a bus.

mean afterwards , be used only to
describe events which have already the
6
sequence of what' s happening. The is
....
1.
A: What happened afterwards? B: Afterwards, customs let me
1 plan to go to Beijing first and go to other places
He bought a book and then bought a few pens as well.
first impression that Beijing gave me the customs is lax.

first Beijing gave
idea can a1so be
The Beijing Capita1 Intemationa1 Airport impressed us very much.
We were impressed by how wide and highway was.
The impression 1 have of that student is that he is quite talkative.
My impression ofChina's customs is very favorable.
The highway from the airport to the city is both wide and flat.
With verbs, adjectives, or phrases, the
two or more actions, states, or qua1ities coexist.
Our dorm is both big and comfortable.
He can speak Chinese, and he can speak English.
7
They ate and last night, spending more than a little money.
This Beijing and the ancient one 1 had imagined are completely different.
"in imagination,"
"the problems in one's life"
issues in a society." The structure also means "in
the middle ofverb."
A is B. Do not use
forms; instead
This magazine is a little what 1 imagined.
Beijing customs is just like customs in America, it is very lax.
Because ofjet lag, 1 did not fall asleep until after three o'clock in the
mommg.
"relations," "in:fluence" or "relevance." When it is used
it indicates cause or reason. The
may be used with a reason which is slightly vague.
Because ofthe weather, the airplane was unable to land on schedule.
We will have to stop because of the time.
8
Exercise)
1. Answer the following questions using the structures provided.
11. Choose the correct answer in parentheses to complete each sentence.
2.
III. Make a sentence using the underlined structure(s).
IV. Combine the following pairs of sentences into a single sentence.
9
•
V. Complete the dialogues with the expressions provided.

1.
B: 0
2.
B: 0
VI. Translate into Chinése.

1. Don't worry! There are not many cars on the downtown
the airport at this time (of day). You will be able (use
airplane on time.
2. This school is not as modernized as 1 thought. The dormitory is old and
small. It is totally what 1 had imagined.
3. Because of 911 , Customs at American airports is very If you have
water in your luggage, they simply won't let you pass.
4. 1 waited at the airport until6 o'clock, but didn't see Mr. Zhang, dispatched
the foreign affairs office.
VII. Composition
Write a journal of what you see in day/week here in China.
What is impression? What surprises you most? Have you seen any
stark contrasts: new and and slow, modern and traditional? As a new
visitor, what do you think about these extremes?
···A
,
n. telephone; phone call

v.-o. make a phone ca11; c a11
ylqle n. a11; every; everything
shùnlì smooth; successful

v.-o. set one's mind at rest; feel relieved
n. single room
n. .double room
tóngwü n. roommate
tán .de lái get along well
(negative
11
!
tiãnqì n. weather
yÙbào n. forecast
n. summer
especia1 ly, specia1
re adj. hot
n. air-conditioning
diànshì n. television
yùshì n. bathroom; washroom
n. condition
.ma mod a1 particle

huàn v. change
maojin n. towel
zhengií v. put in order; straighten up
chuangpù n. bedding
v. sweep; clean
12
adv. simply; virtually
lüguãn n. hotel
zhào.gù v. t ak.e care of; look after
v.-c. spoil
xuexl v. study
yus'gMnHHM
n. campus
safe
v. be told; hear of;
and; as well
restaurant
n. store; shop
liúxuéshëng n. foreign student
shítáng n. dining hall
lí v.
jìn close; near
13
adj. convenient
...jíle extremely; very
n. excuse
mn pron. you (polite fonn)
nulì adv.ladj. with great effort
n. respect; aspect; side

v. must; have to
zhùyì v. pay attention to
health; physique, healthy

chángtú adj. long distance
14
Text in Traditional
!
!
15
Then 1 won't worry about it.
means "
Ifyou're not tired, then let's c1ean the room.
There is a phone in your room; you may call your often then.
1 was a bit tired, but 1 was very excited.

be between verbs or adjectives to mak.e a concession,
usually followed Adverbs can modify the
repeated verb or adjectives, but must be placed immediately before the
second occurrence or before
You are right, the customs inspection is not strict, but you' d better not
bring shou1dn't be bringing.
His baggage may be large, not heavy.
We get along well.

"get along well." The negative form
to introduce the
Although he and 1 are only we get along very well.
You don't get along well with your roommate? really too bad!
!
We not only have air-conditioning, but also a color TV, a telephone and a
pri vate bathroom.
16
used in the first clause of a complex sentence in conjunction
the second clause to introduce a further
statement which expands upon the initial one.
This campus is not only pretty, but also safe.
Not only must you study hard, you must also pay attention to your
.
These kinds of even better than in America.
means "A is even more
stressed, it indicates that the situation is surprising or unexpected.
Beijing may be an old city, but the highways there are even
those in the States.
Our rooms are even more comfortable than those in a hotel.
1 never thought that the summer in Beijing could be even hotter than
surnmer in America!
at the end of a declarative sentence, it emphasizes

affirmation and shows that a reason or cause is obvious.
This room has air-conditioning, a color TV and a telephone; it is not

bad at a11!
Of course he speaks better than 1 do -- because he has studied longer

than 1 have!
This place sounds just like a hote1.
17
the verbs such it means "it
"it sounds," "it smells," and tastes" respectively.
It sounds like the school takes good of foreign students.
This dish looks good; 1 wonder
an emphatic expression meaning "simply, at aU ," and usually

modifies descriptive words and phrases, which may imply
emphasis.
This magazine is so interesting!
The conditions dormitory are simply terrificl
He simply has at all!
1 am really worried that you will be spoiled.

"really," ''truly,'' or "indeed." It is used to indicate
of a fact and also for
is really great! It is big and pretty.
is somebody who comes to change our towels and make our

beds everyday. The school really takes good care offoreign students.
used in exclamatory sentences only. To say "This is a
university," use the of
more information about this usage , see L. 46, Note
(4).
18
a passive voice marker. The passive voice is usually expressed in
the following receiver of action doer of action + other
elements,
When the doer needs not or cannot be be placed
immediately before the verb. All adverbs , come
not immediately before the verb. In general, verbs used
transitive and must take some post-element to explain
subjects. Originally, applied to events
conceming human beings, and verbs used were int1ictive in most cases.
Under the influence of westem applies also to non-
human events in science and in literature, and verbs may need not be
inflictive, they generally have negative connotations.
He ate all the food. (All the food was eaten up by him.)
My roommate took my (My car was taken away by my roommate)
Only by living a little more comfortably can one study well.

the second clause first clause is the
condition, without which the result in the second clause would be
impossible.
A room must have air-conditioning for one to be able to live there

comfortably.
Only by speaking Chinese everyday can one speak Chinese well.
1 heard that the is very safe.

differs take and can be
modified
They say that the living conditions in the foreign students' dormitories
especially good.
19
1 heard that he doesn 't get a10ng with his roommate.
1 have never heard before.
The foreign dining hal1 is very close to my dorm.

used to denote separation and to indicate distance.
The school is one hour of driving to

get there.
The Foreign Affairs Office is not
You are in Beijing, and conditions are so good; you

have no excuse if you stil1 cannot learn Chinese wel1.
"on top of," "in addition to ," or "moreover."
In addition to havingjet lag, 1 was a1so vef'j excited, therefore 1

couldn't fa11 asleep.
It is very hot and there is no air-conditioning; everybody feels

uncomfortable.
indicates the continuation of an action which has not yet

occurred or may possibly occur.
Don't eat any more! You've eaten too much!
If you keep t a1king like this, 1 will be angry.
20
used as an emphatic word meaning "surely," "certainly," or
"finally." It is often followed by particles
the sentence an exclamation.
•
I' ve been looking for this book for two months. 1 finally
today.
Don't forget to write me after you leave.
On the one hand, you need to study hard, while other hand, you
have to pay attentÎon to your he a1th.
With two words, phrases, or
two actions or situations coexist and may contrast with or supplement
occur before the and is often
followed
1 want to study Chinese and a1so want to see Beijing.
On the one hand, 1 want to study abroad, but on the other hand, 1 don't
want to be
We are thinking of switching to another hotel because this one is too

the station and is a1so very expensive.
21
Exercise)
1. Answer the following questions using the expressions provided.
(reason 2)
..
11. F ilI in the blank using the appropriate word from the list.
apologize)
every
cheap)
111. Make a sentence with the underlined structures.
22
IV. Complete the dialogues with the expressions provided.
1.
0
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
V. Translate into Chinese.

1. Yes, health is very zhòngyào), but it should not be an
not studying hard. If you keep on neglecting 1 am.
you wil1 not be able to learn Chinese well.
2. He was spoiled by his After he got to college, he could neither get
a10ng with his roommates, nor take care of himself. (in his life) is
on track.
3. 1 don't know if 1 want to this university. On the one hand the
learning environment (conditions) school is very good, but on the
other hand it is is not safe at al1.
VI. Composition
Overseas students in America often complain that schools don't t ak:e good
care of them. As an overseas student here in China, do you sam.e
thing is happening to you, or is it foreign students are treated better in
China? Now that you have had the experience of being an intemationa1
student, what has been the for you? What has been the most
difficult?
23
v. get up early
-0. have a bath; bathe
kãish'í start; begin

xíguàn v./n. be accustomed to; be used to , habit;
custom
v. go to; be engaged (in work, study,

etc.) at a fixed time
cónglái méi have never V-ed before

V.guò
be late a fixed schedule or
appointment)
used for human actions

only, and cannot take on an object.)
adv. even more; more; still more
búyòngshuõ conj. not to mention; needless to say
v. go to bed late
adj./n. difficult; difficulty
24
n. mommg
n. brains; mind (It is not used for the
physical brain.)
brain
qing.chu adj. clear

adv.
gang adv. just
v./n. need; want; require
n. coffee
xlng v. wake up; sober up
v. understand; comprehend; know
shënt'í n. body; health
que adv. but; yet; however
adv. the whole day; al1 day long
. .de awfully; extremely
yaomlng
chú.le '" y'íwài except for;
25
v. :find; discover
yÌbãn lãi s lÌ uõ adv. generally
jïngchang adv.
adv. mostly
tígõng v. offer; provide; supply
adv. originally; at :first
adv. always
bùdébù adv. have no choice but to; have to
v. change; alter; correct
chéng comp. into; become'
ganJrng adj. c1ean; neat and tidy
v. think; consider; hold
ylwel v. mistakenly think
shì.qing n. thing
yídìng adv.ladj. de:finitely, de:finite
26
V.-c.
lìng adj. the other; another

n. angle; point of view
n. foreign
n. benefit; gain; profit; advantage
in Traditional Characters)
27
Classes start prompt1 y at 7:30 am.
after a word or phrase denoting time indicates that it is early or
something or someone is quick, or that the t Îme concemed is short.
pronounced in the neutral one with stress on the time word or
willleave tomOITOw.
You go first, and 1 wi1l come immediately.
He already speaks very well after having studied for on1y one year.
28
1 have never gotten up so early.
something has remained unchanged throughout time,
from the past to the present. It implies a sense of emphatic
action has not happened past,
might happen in the the subject has a
kind of policy or has prevented action and
probably will continue to prevent it
1 have never made an intemational c a1l.
My stomach gets upset whenever 1 drink coffee, so 1 never
1 was often late 9 o'clock class, not to mention the 7:30 c1ass.
When citing an extreme case, notion that even
such a case does not satisfy the conditions stated, let a10ne anything else.
lt is always fo l1owed by a second or a rhetorical
question such ..
Even the teacher cannot understand this artic1 e, not to mention myself.
1 cannot even :finish my homework; how would 1 have time to see a

movie?
Chinese quizzes are a1ways so difficult. 1 do poorly even when 1

for them; how could 1 not
"even more" or "more," is used in a comparative c1ause to

the subject is going to be or a1ready is of a greater extent or
degree than the things to which it is compared.
My mind is not clear in the even worse in the evening.
29
One has to practice even more when studying a foreign language than
when studying anything else.
Now that you are living in a foreign country, you need to payeven
more attention to your health.
As for myself, my mind is most unc1ear when 1 have just gotten up in the
morrung.
indicates the person or thing to whom or to which a
statement pertains.
It is very important to me that the dining hall is c10se to the dormitory.
Li stening is especia11y helpful in studying a foreign language.
an adverb which an action has recently occurred.
When 1 first arrived in Beijing 1 ca11ed my

don't ca11 them
When 1 hadjust arrived at school yesterday, 1 saw Mr.

F oreign Affairs Office.
1 need to drink two or three cups of coffee to rea11y wake up.

someone or something is approaching,
But when it is used after cert.ai n verbs , such
it means that the subject has returned to the origina1 and normal
sìtu.atíon.
He understood on1y after 1 explained it severa1 times.
30
lfhe doesn't drink coffee in the morning, he never really wakes up.
Chinese people always say that early to bed early to rise makes one
healthy. 1, however, still is no relation between waking up
or late and one's
is an adverb inserted between the subject and predicate of a sentence.
Its function of indicating contrast is similar
can be used with these to intensify
Beijing is an old city, but its highways are pretty new.
1 was very tired, but 1 couldn't sleep.
"A has/has nothing to do
1 have nothing to do with this matter. Don't ask me.
One's living habits have a lot to do with the whichone

comes.
1 was terribly tired the whole day.

means "to drive somebody to his death." The structure
"extremely/awfully adjective." It is usually used in an
undesirable situation.
Beijing was terribly hot last summer.
lam tired. 1 need to rest for a while.
31
Qnly after 1 arrived in Beijing did 1 learn that, besides getting up early,
Chinese people are also accustomed to taking a bath in the evening.
often used in
it means "in addition to" or "besides."
In addition to studying, we often go out fun together.
In addition to books, 1 bought two towels.

is followed a negative construction, it
means "except."
All the others take baths in the evening except me.
There were no others in the classroom except for a few students.
the one in L. 2, Note (1 1).

used after a word or a phrase to denote a time which is later than expected
or of long duration. In this pronounced in the neutral tone
and the time expression is stressed. It may be applied either to a fulfilled
or an unfulfilled implies "not until" or
,
1 have to finish my homework before 1 can talk
1 didn't know that he was not Chinese until today.
Generally speaking, Americans take baths in the morning.

"generally speaking." It is the same
Generally speaking, Chinese people eat first and then have soup, but
American people don't do it this way.
32
Generally speaking, in America, the main entrances of student dorms
left
1 used to take baths in the morning.

"originally," the situation has changed.
1 originally planned to call him, but later 1 wrote him a instead.
Customs inspection used to be strict, but it is
After 1 came to China, 1 had to change over to taking baths in the evening.
"to have no choice but to" to." It is
an adverbial expression.
There was no one to pick me up in the airport, so 1 had to take a bus to

school on my own.
It is so summer that 1 have no choice but to buy an air

conditioner.
a resultative complement which is used after verbs to

sense of "becoming" or "being completed." It is often used in
conj UIlction
1 will be sure to treat you to dinner after you help me complete this job.
You shouldn't describe living in a foreign COUIltry as such a

thing.
It is not bad taking a shower in the moming and starting the day's work
cleanly (with a clean feeling).
33
an adjective created by duplicating the
an AABB for emphasis. Such a can be used as an
adjective or an adverb. In spoken language added
AABB syllable,
There were many 1 thought had to be

"to think," usually implying incorrectly."
1 thought school was very the airport, but actually it

only took half an h'Our.
China's cust'Oms was strict, but it was lax.
1 learned t 'O l'O'Ok at an'Other angle.

a n'Oun, it is a dem'Onstrative pr'On'Oun
indicating s'O mething 'Other than what has been menti'Oned. It differs with
be f'O ll'Owed by a number + AN,
'One 'Or few in particular," 'Others in general.
C'Ompare the f'O ll'Owing two sentences:
This r'O'Om is t 'O'O h'Ot. He has m 'Oved t 'O an'Other ro 'Om.
1 r 'Oom is not big en'Ough. Can 1 have a l'O'Ok at 'Others?
34
Exercise
1. Answer the following questions using the expressions when provided.
11. Make a sentence using the underlined expression.
Ill. Choose the correct answer.
35
1.
B : o
2.
B:
3.
B:
4.
B:

1. G'O ing abr'Oad has 'One benefit, which is that 'O ne can learn t 'O 1'O'Ok at things
an'Other perspective. There were many cust'Oms which 1 had 'Originally
th'Ought were a certain way, but g'Oing t'O China, 1 finally realized that
s'Ome cust'Oms are c'Ompletely what 1 had imagined.
2. 1 have class at 8:00 in. the m'O rning, but 1 like sleeping late, s'O waking up
early is particularly difficult for me. 1 am often n 'Ot completely awake by
8:00; it is n 'Ot even worth talking ab 'Out getting t'O class 'On time.
3. 1 have never liked sh'O wering in the evening. If 1 sh'O wer at night, 1 cann'Ot
sleep and will be incredibly tired the next day. 1 take a shower in the
m'O ming, n 'Ot 'Only can 1 start the day's w'Ork but my mind is als'O
1 feel that when 'O ne takes a sh'O wer is related t 'O whether his w'Ork
g'Oes
VI. Composition
Chinese pe'Ople believe that t'O bed and early t'O rise is g'O'Od f'Or 'One's
health. Acc'Ording Westem saying,
D'O y 'Ou agree with these beHefs? Why? What is schedule? Is it the
best schedule for you? Are these beliefs stil1 applicable in 'Our m'O dem s'Ociety
where everybody w'O rks at a different pace?
36
(3
, .'
n. post office
qlngwen (polite) excuse me; may
1 ask you?
fÙjìn p.W. nearby; in the vicinity
u n
tgu
n. service personnel
adv./v. comparatively,
yz
uunva distant; far
had better; it would be best
Iù route
gonggong n. bus
qìchë public; communal
automobile; motor vehicle; car
n. statìon; stop
37
wang prep. in the direction of; towards
nan n. south
xi, west ;JI=.: north
v. pass; cross
AN measure word for things narrow and

long
Jle n. street
n. east
gongyuanr n. park
duìmiàn across from; in front of
v. send; mail
chuãngkou n. service window; window
v.-o. register; send by registered mail
pa v. fear; be
diü v. lose (something)
38
n. number
bàn v. do; manage; handle
n. small
n. dollar; buck
mao n. dime
tián v. fi l1 in (a form)
n. form; table
dìzh'í n. address
xmgmmg n. name
firstname
xxyH
309n. envelope
n. letter paper
n. stamp
n. scenery;landscape
39
míngxìnpiàn n. postcard
n. side; by the side of; nearby
guìtãi n. counter
Text in Traditional
40
Grammar Notes)
The post office is relatively

used as an adverb, it indicates a comparatively small
degree. An adjective or verb a larger degree than
if it is preceded
1 think that it is better to send it by intemational registered mail

because it is a bit safer.
Of course the food in a restaurant is better, but it's a too.
41
H'Ow l'O ng wil1
an inquiry 'Of degree in an interr'Ogative sentence. T 'O
measure a length. weight, etc.. use in
making an inquiry, and + No. + measure w'Ord + adj. in making a
reply. adjective in the reply is dr'Opped.
H'Owfar is here t'O the post 'Office?
H'Ow l'Ong have y'Ou been here?

4. A: y'Ou?
B: 1 am sixty kil 'Ograms.
Y'Ou have t 'O w a1k m 'Ore than h a1f an h'O ur.

"m'Ore than half an h'Our" (but less than 'One h'Our).
F'Or numbers up t'O 10. the +AN n.:
than 3 m 'Onths)
than 8 weeks)
than 4
than 10 d'Ol1ars but less than 11 d 'Ollars)
With higher numbers, the :
than 300 but 400 pe'Ople)

than 10 but less than 20 days)
than 40 but less than 50 minutes)
than 10 but 20
Y'Ou had better take the bus line 22.

"had 'Or "it w 'Ould be best if." It is used primarily
in imperative sentences and can m'Odify negative f'Orms.
42
You had better ca11 your mother so that she won't worry about you.
We had better eat at the foreign students' dining h a11; it is both cheap
and convenient.
You had better not to of magazine to China.
Aft:er you get off the bus, head south.

go a word or phrase denoting
location or or certain verbs denoting direction as its lt
a verb;
After you get off the bus, go south, cross one street, and then tum east.
the latter part of a sequence of actions. It is often used in
coniunction
Go straight ahead, cross one street, walk two more minutes and you'll
bethere.
1 want to finish my homework first before eating.
The post office is directly across

used to stress nearness either in time or space.
His house is right next to the school. It's very close.
He found a job just two days ago.
43
Exei-cise)
(more than one week)
11. Find and correct the errors.
111. FiII in the blank with an appropriate word from the list.
44
1.
B: 0 . )
and resu1tative c'Omplement)
B: 0

1. 1 was 1 wr'Ote might get l'Ost in the mail, s'O 1
asked the attendant at the wind'Ow t'O send them by internati'Onal registered
p'O st. It was expensive all right, but 1 felt safer.
2. There is n'O p'O st 'Office near The nearest 'One is a little m'Ore than
half an h'O ur by f'O'Ot. Y'O u had better take a bus there.
3. There is a st'Ore bus st'Op f'Or the number 22 line where y'Ou
can buy envel'Opes and letter paper. Y'Ou 'Only have t 'O walk 'Outside the
campus, head east, cr'O ss tw'O streets, and then g'O n'Orth. Y'ou d 'On't need t'O
the bus. It is 'Only 'One st'Op away.
4. If y'Ou cann'Ot get al 'Ong with y'Our r'O'Ommate and want t'O have a single r'O'Om,
please g'O t'O the next c'O unter t'O fill 'Out Write y'Our name and
address c1early, and in ab 'Out a week we will mail y'Ou the new r'O'Om number.
VI. Composition
Dealing with c1erks in the p'Ost 'Office can especially when
y'Ou are in a f'Oreign c'Ountry speaking a f'Oreign language. Write ab'Out y'Our
experiences at a restaurant, in the p'Ost office, 'Or in a sh'Op here in China. H'Ow
do the pe'Ople treat y'O u? H'Ow d'O y'O u let them understand y'Our intenti'Ons?
Share s'Ome of the interesting or frustrating experiences y 'Ou have.
45
dù.zi n. stomach; abdomen
lãdù.zi V.-o. diarrhea; have loose bowels
q'ínglljià V.-o. ask for leave
XIU.XI V. rest; have a rest

bìng V. be sick; be ill
(To say "a little sick,"

Don 't put any modifiers before the word
)
wan AN/n. bowl
u n. beef
n n. noodle
kuài AN piece; lump; chunk
xlgua n. watermelon
téng v./adj. ache, sore; painful
tù v. vomit
46
v v
yexu adv. maybe; perhaps
v.-o. have afever
adv. contrary
zong adv. a1ways
as a result, resu1t
wen.zl n. mosquíto
dïng v. sting; bite
n. (said ofpeople face
n.
bão n. swelling; lump
wèntí n. trouble; problem; question
47
quiteafew
kãill.kãi V.-c.
V.-c. turn off

yuè lai yuè... more and more...
j'ínzhãng tense; intense; strained
gãi aux. should; ought
bãngllmang help
ylyuan n. hospital
dài. fu n. physician; doctor
Text in Characters)
48
Grammar Notes)
"what happened?" or
It could things you ate were not very c1ean.

"not often," "seldom," "not very." It can be
followed by an the above example, or it can be followed
by a verb, such way, it has a
similar meaning indicates that the subject
does not meet a certain serve independent1y
function independent1y without
1 don't know exactly post office is. You' d

someone else.
It is not very convenient to get there by bus. Let's take a taxi.
49
@
He seldom watches movies.
1 am not very keen on going there.
1 don't actually have fever, but 1 sleep well.

an adverb used to outcome of something is
exactly opposite to what it should be or what one has expected.
arriving in Beijing, everybody got excited, but 1 started to
is very inexpensive in Beijing, but intemational

much more expensive than those in America.
is the same as . ." in Lesson 2 , Note (2).

also optional. Therefore, it is correct to say both "...
and
Isn't there air conditioning in your dorm?

a rhetorical question.
Don't you have a good impression ofChinese customs?
Isn't the campus safe? Why do you want to live outside ofthe school?
He likes to have the windows opened. As a result, there are an

of mosquitoes in the room.
used as an adverb here, meaning "as a result" or
"consequently." Very often it introduces an undesirable result.
50
He ate unc1ean food , and as a result, had diarrhea for several days.
too many days leave, and as a result, he tested poorly on

his examination.
1 have these (lumps) over my face and arms (and everywhere).

is: place word n.. The noun can be dropped ifit
is understood. This implies exaggeration.
She has too many books. They are on her desk, her chairs, her bed
and everywhere.
There are a lot of Chinese students out there. How could there be no
chance to speak Chinese?
He always opened the window, and turned offthe air conditioning.

"to tum "to fall off' or "to lose." When
used as a resultative complement, it indicates object does not exist
any the verb is completed;
Review these resultative complements from previous
Our relationship is becoming more and more strained.

adverbial increasing intensity in
degree ofthe adjective
He studies hard, and his grades are getting better and
more and more foreigners coming to China to study Chinese.

.. is a1 so used with words , phrases, or c1 auses to indicate that
the second state of affairs advances in step with its preceding state.
The hotter it gets, the more people who use air conditioning.
51
The more you practice, the you'll write.
1 really don't know how to help you.

What be 1) a noun or a sentence;
a clause asking how, who , why,
when, where, etc.;
(after the negative a clause with
"if' in English; e.g. 1 don't know sell scenery postcards.
Please note that you should use v. .::F
instead of a "8. do/does not know
if ..." sentence.
Do you know why their relationship is so
1 don't know ifshe is Chinese or American.
1 don't know ifthere is a post office nearby. 00 ask the receptionist.
1 don 't know if the airplane has landed or not.
Exercise)
52
11. Correct the underlined errors.
111. Complete the dialogues with the expressions provided.

1.
B: 0
2.
B:
3.
B:
4.
0 (place word
IV. Translate into Chinese.

1. Because of his fever, he took the moming off yesterday to see the
doctor. However, he vomited and had diarrhea several times last night. As
a result, he did not test well in class today.
2. There are an aw:ful lot of mosquitoes in this so 1 told
affairs it would be better if we could tum on the air conditioning
at night.
3. 1 know you cannot sleep well at night because your roommate goes to bed
late. Over the past few days , 1 have been thinking about how to help you.
As 1 see it, we have to talk over the matter with
V. Composition
As an intemational student, would you prefer living with
your country, having a home stay with a Chinese family , or living
Chinese students in the dormitory? Can you point out the advantages and
disadvantages of these three options?
53
o n. afternoon nap
báitiãn n. daytime; day
v./adj. waste; squander, extravagant
zHT pron. oneself
jïng.shen n. vigor; vitality; spirit

jïng.shen vlgorous
guà i. bu.de COYIJ. no wonder; so that' s why

dàduo adv. for the most part; mostly
chá n. tea
adv. seldom
bïngshu'í n. icewater ice
54
shòullzuì v.-o. endure hardships, tortures, rough
condition, etc.; have a hard time
receive; suffer
sin; hardship
zÌl áishuT n. tap water
directly
- Ii áng cold; cool
kãishuI n. boiled water
l easy
kuàngquánshuT n. mineral water
mineral spring
gUl expenslve
ZLIUIn recently
T
AA xue v. imitate; mimic
n. thermos bottle
bottle
adv. sometimes; at times; now
andthen
- pàollchã v.-o. maketea
adv. unexpectedly
55
ge each; every
yuanyln n. cause
jiãnchí v. insist on; persist in

yuanlai adj. original, fonner
shenghuó n. life
fãngshì n. pattem; fashion; way
xlang prep.
dãngdì p.w. local; in the locality
kèwén)
56
sleep during the day?
indicates puzzlement.
How come you are not studying in your room? Why did you come
here?
What? He stil1 doesn't have a Chinese name?
two weeks, 1 too began taking aftemoon naps.

a reflexive pronoun. It often follows a pronoun and is
emphasis.
Y ou don't believe me? Then go and see for yourselfl
This is your own business. How can 1 help?
following a verb or adjective used as the predicate in a sentence,

means "to to" or "to become." When there is an object following the
verb, the pattem is
57
She was nothing special when she was little, but she is a lot prettier
now that she's older.
1 don't know why he got angry.
After lunch 1 was already exhausted.

an action has been completed. Here it
indicates topic has already reached a certain degree, or implies
that one can not do better or more. It can negative phrases.
He is already exhausted. You'd best not to ask him to tidy up his room.
1 am already quite busy. 1 don't have time for else.
It is already hard to write correctly. It is even harder to write so that it

looks good.
Resting for half an hour makes me more energetic in the aftemoon and
evemng.
In this "to make (a happen)."
so many students were late made the teacher very angry.
He was vomiting and has diarrhe a, making his parents very worried.
No wonder most Chinese people are used to taking aftemoon naps.

often modifies subject-predicate constructions or verbal
explanation may either precede
No wonder he goes to the library everyday. The exam is next week.
The class starts at 7:30 in the morning; no wonder the students are all
extremely tired.
58
lt is not that easy to get cold water.
used before a negative fonn to a fact is not as one
may think or expect. It can also be used to emphasize negative verbal
phrases.
It is not as expensive as you might imagine to make an intemational

call.
The post office is not far. You can walk there.
1 am leaming to drink hot a thennos.

used after a verb to an action is in progress; it is often
used in coniunction or similar adverbs.
!
He was t a1king with his roommate when 1 arrived.
As soon as 1 entered, everyone was looking at me.
Surprisingly, after drinking it for a few days, 1 got used to it too.

preceded with a person or a personal pronoun as
subject, means "didn't
"1 didn't expect that he would come tomorrow." It
can a1 so be used as an adverbial meaning "surprisingly" or
"unexpectedly." In this modifies a fulfilled event
and comes before the subject.
1 never thought that Beijing would be such a modem city.
Unexpectedly, our donn was very big.
We shouldn't insist on maintaining our original way ofliving; instead, we

ought to
59
to get It can be replaced
He asked for a lot of his parents to buy a car.
China buys many airplanes and foreign countries every
1. Answer the following questions using the
111. Choose the correct answer.
60
1.
B:
2.
B:
B: 0
B: 0

1. Since c'Oming t'O China, b 'Others me m 'Ost 1 can't drink
c 'Old boiled water At first 1 bought mineral water every day, but it
was very expensive. Now 1 cannot do anything but switch to drinking hot
2. Yesterday the air conditioner in 'Our classroom broke Not

having air conditioning summer is simply torture for me. About
10 minutes the class started, the students began to fall asleep.
Unexpectedly, the teacher thought that we didn't like her class and started to
l'O se her temper
3. A: H'Ow come y 'Ou make tea so well?
B: There is a go'Od reason. 1 lived in China f'Or ten years and learned their
method of making 'One of my
A: No wonder y'O u kn'Ow how to make tea.
VI. Composition
Chinese pe'Ople don't drink ice water, but Americans d'O. When one gets
sick, Americans recommend drinking huge am 'Ounts of orange juice, while
Chinese mothers keep their eating any oranges. Chinese people
cook vegetables eat them, and Americans love eating raw
vegetable salads. Can y'O u find any other similar examples? Why d'O people in
different places have such different philosophies about life? Can you
one is right and the 'Other is wr'Ong?
61
yi.fu n. c1othes; clothing
1 n. washing machine
machine
n. clothes hanger; coat hanger
liàng v. air dry; the sun
yángtái n. balcony; patio
páillduì v.-o. line up; form a line
v. wait
n. dryer (for drying wet clothes)
pubiàn adj. widespread; general; common
n. undergarments
n. underpants; undershorts
n. everyone
62
embarrassed
XV n. dishwasher
pán.zi n. plate; dish; tray
n. cup; glass
kuà i. zi n. chopsticks
sháor n. spoon; ladle

dão.zi n. knife
chã.zi n.
guo n. pot; pan; cauldron, etc.

v.-o. clean the dishes (after a meal)
má .fan troublesome; inconvenient
conJ. would rather
yuan.yl be wil1ing to
jiãyòng diànqì n. household appliances
rìcháng shënghuó adj. daily life
63
V. economize; save; use sparingly
n. electricity
V. protect
huánjìng n. environment
kèwen)
64
When living in a student dormitory in China, the most
is washing c1othes.
the affirmative ofthe
when spoken.
That is where he lives; 1 am pretty sure.
1 just don't like to air conditioning! Ifyou can't sleep well

without it, just go sleep somewhere else!
Living foreign students' dorm is just like living in a hotel; it is

very comfortable.
The post office is right across from the I've been there several
times already.
Up to these days,.many dormitories have no washing machine. You have

to wash clothes by hand.
"up to the present," "until now," or "so
1 started studying Chinese last year. So far, I' ve already studied for a
a half.
Everything is great so far. You don't need to worry .
1 would rather shop for food and cook than clean the dishes.
occurs after the subject and indicates a preference
which may not be totally satisfactory after weighing the pros and cons.
The c1ause what the speaker gives up.
65
I' d rather live in a smaller have no air conditioning.
l' d rather spend a little more money a taxi than be late.
In Chinà, appliances are not as numerous nor as widely used as in

America; of course, in terms of daily life, it is not as convenient as in
America.
often used as an adverbial phrase meaning "in a certain
aspect;" for studies."
1 have been in Beijing for two months. 1 already have no problem with
daily life.
In terms ofliving style, everyplace has its own customs, and all
good reason.
One saves a lot of water and by washing clothes and dishes by

hand. It is beneficial to the protection of the environment
When the p:redicate of a sentence is a v. -0. phrase
used to prepose the recipient ofthe v.-o. phrase. See L. 1, Note
(4).
I don't up early and going to bed early are beneficial

health.
Listening to tapes is especially helpful in studying a foreign language.
66
is one indicates when,
where, with whom and by what means e.g.
" verb phrase inserted
is used to indicate that the speaker is very affirmative about what is
happening.
Tap water is not drinkable direct1y.
You should tell this to Mr. Zhang Foreign Affairs Office. He

will defmitely help you.
1. ADswer the following questions using the expressions provided.
11. Fill in the blank using the appropriate word from the list.
67
1.
B:
3. A:
4. A:
B:

1. 1 had dinner at my house yesterday. There were only 4 of
but 1 spent more than half an hour helping them clean the bowls, dishes,
chopsticks, and spoons because they had no dishwasher.
2.1 have never washed clothes by hand. Surprisingly, there was no washing
machine in the hotel. 1 had to wash by hand air dry
them on the balcony. 1 was really embarrassed when my friend came over
and saw my underwear.
3. Please turn offthe TV and air conditioning when you leave your
room. Everyone should learn how to save electricity and protect the
environment, especially in this modem society.
V. Composition
do you think of your Are you satisfied fac i1ities?
While both serve as temporary dwelling places, a hotel and a dormitory are not
the the differences? Should a good dormitory be like a hotel?
Write about your impression of your dorm both in China and at your home
instítution.
68
v.-o. (ofmen) get ahaircut; (ofwomen) go
to the hairdresser' s
tóu.fa n. hair
luàn adj. in disorder; in a mess
n. weekend
v./n. decide, decision
Jla AN measure word for business
establishments
diàn n. shop; store
jiào v. be called as, call
fàláng n. barbershop; hairdresser' s

a room or building
devoted to the exhibition of works of
n. "beautify-hair
hairdresser' s
69
tu adj. rustic; lacking in social graces or
polish
yang.ql adj. in an ostentatious Westem style;

sty1ish
,
•.. -mMm
h90go n. dress; clothing
features; looks
adv. as if; seemingly
dài v. have (certain air, appearance, or
unique feature)
opposite
n. human figure used to display c10thes
or other merchandise; model
-anE,
oqb
ZVdS
n. photo; picture
adj. interesting
n. equipment; facility
70
fúwù n./v. service, serve; give service to
zhõu.dào adj. attentive and

V.-o. wash one's hair; shampoo one's hair
hú.zi n. beard
guãllhú.zi v.-o. shave one' s beard
anmo'" V. massage
v. cut clip; trim
n. fingemail
shï.fu n. a term used to address a skilled
craftsman such as a
shoemaker, chef, etc.
hé.qi adj. polite; amiable
liaolltiãnr V.-o. chat
it' s a it' s too bad

adv. need not; not have to
n. típ; gratuìty
71
72
3
Last weekend, 1 decided to get a haircut in a barbershop nearby.
used between a v. -0. construction, is stiU a measure word; for

It can be used to modify something
uncountable to give it a colloquial tone.
1 am so tired that the only thing 1 want is a bath and have a

sound sleep.
1 am indeed too busy to even have time to ta1k
There are many barbershops near the school. Some are some
are but none is
only," is used before a verb phrase here to give it
a strong tone by confming the be stressed when spoken.
See L. 7, Note (1).
I' ve bought envelopes and letter paper, but 1 forgot the stamps.
It is weird that this restaurant has soda and hot tea but no ice water.
(3)
means "foreign," and is opposite to "rustic."
"is exactly," is used when the speaker wants to

explain the subject.
means exactly the same as
73
2.
means often used at home,

washing machine, dishwasher, and dryer, etc..
(4)
means "foreign," and is opposite to "rustic."
"opposite." is always
The opposite also be used as an adverb to
clause.
My opinion is contrary to
2.
the same and is just opposite
He should stay in a cheap foreign student dormitory, but contrarily, he

stays in an expensive hotel.
barbershop that 1 went to is

always used in passive voice, the It is
in active voice when it is used e.g.
The difference be used in
and passive voice.
80metimes a store where paintings are sold is also called "gallery."
hairdresser'
Americans call the barbershop which men go to "barbershop" and
which women go to "hairdressers."
74
It's Chinese is not good enough. 1 can only talk about
simple things.
when used as an adverb, at the beginning of a sentence
and means "it's pity that..." or "it's too ..." 1t can be used as an
adjective a1so.
It is he sings really well. It' s 1 didn't hear him sing.
It's pity away these clothes that are still so nice.
the worst we to eat

restaurant.
Compared to America, getting a haircut in Beijing is much cheaper.
an adverbial phrase; it must be followed by a complete

sentence. There is no negative fonn.
Compared to my high school, this university is much bigger.
barbershop's service is much better compared to the

service of that one.
much cheaper to get a haircut in Beijing, and one doesn 't need to tip.
the positive form
!
A: 1 have to go home now.
B: Y ou don't need to go home so early. Please stay for a while longer.
A: Is the safe?
B: It is very safe. You don't need to .
75
11. Fill in the blank using the appropriate word from the Iist.
4.

1.
B: 0
B:
3.A:
B:
4.
B: 0
5.
B: 0
76
IV. Trans]ate into Chinese.
1. Your hair is both too long and messy. that you' d better get a hair cut.
You may go to the barbershop across from the school. Their service is
wonderful and besides may also give you
a message. The you don't need to
2. 1 am not used to getting a shave in a barbershop , not to mention a nail trim.
The barbershop is good, but I' d rather do such sma11 things by myself.
foreign students' is well faci1itated and the foreign affairs
>
takes good care of the students. It seems that my life here as a foreign
student is even compared to my life in my college in the States.
V. Composition
Write about some new experiences in daily life you have had as a foreign
student in China For example: dining in little restaurant nearby, going
office, doing laundry, a haircut. Do you find everything
convenient as in America? If not, why? What do about tipping? Do
you think that Chinese people should a1so tip are well served?
77
yínháng n.
chuzu qìchë n. t ax.ì rent
sïjï n. driver when direct1y
addressing a driver)
Wángfuj'íng n. Wangfujing, Beijing's most famous
n. Second Ring Road

du v. stop up; block up
lì.hai terribly, terrible; severe
dullchë v.-o. have a traffic jam
78
1
H v. worry; make anxious; make

impatíent
...slren adv. extremely; … to death
zaogao how terrible; what bad luck; too

bad
... conJ. even

bùrú v. not equa1 to; not as good as
ql v. ride or a bicyc1 e)
n. bicyc1e
n. private car
dàolù n. road; way
v./n develop , development
v.-c. cannot catch
zengjla v./n. add; increase; raise

n. traffic
v. block up; stop up
n. trafficjam
yánzhòng (said ofillness, situation) serious
79
V.-o. walk; go on foot
V. spend (time); pass (time duration)
guãnllmen V.-o. (said ofstores, offices, etc.) close
hónglÒdëng' n. traffic light

xiàllchë get out of (a car)
get in (a car); get on (a bus, train)
má .fan V. bother; to trouble somebody
n. b i1l; receipt
rénmínbì n. RMB;, Renminbi, Chinese monetary unit
80
zhíyuan n. office worker; staff member
n. story; f1oor; a mu1ti-storied
bui1ding
n. U.S. dollar
dãn.zi n. form; list
xiànjïn n. cash
luxíng v. trave1
zhïpiào n. check
IOxíng zhïpiào n. trave1er's check
qiãnl/zì v. -0. slgn
hùzhào n. passport
v. check number) to see if correct
81
!
82
It is closer, yes, but the traffic isjammed terribly.
"terrible" or When used as a predicative
complement, it indicates the intensity of the verb. Intensifiers can be used
It has been terribly hot these past few days.
He is seriously ill. Let's go to see him!
road is extremely congested; let's take another road.
The second it stops, it stops for one hour.

The - indicates that once an action takes place, it
reaches a certain degree of usually followed by a
number-AN phrase. Sometimes the verb omitted or replaced by
She enjoys reading. Once she starts she will read for hours.
83
A1though intemational long distance very expensive, once he
makes a c a11 it willlast for many minutes.
One cannot do anything

A question word fo l1owed by implies inclusiveness in
the positive form and exclusiveness in the substitutes
especially when the verb is negative.
At this time (of day) , all ofthese roads are congested.
Everybody the test is on Friday. How did you end up

thinking it was Thursday?
1 didn't feel well yesterday and ate nothing.
No matter how 1 put it, he wouldn't believe me.
No matter how hot the weather is, he won't tum on the air-conditioner.
Absolutely ridiculous!
There was traffic even on the Second Ring Road.

The . .pattem is used as an intensifier serving to indicate an
extreme, or unlikely case. What
often substitutes negative sentences.
Even foreigners Beijing is China's capital. How come you

don'tknow?
When she first came to China, she speak even one word of
Chinese.
Don't you believe even what your teacher said?
84
Going by car is probably as riding a bicycle.
"not equa1 or "not as good as." An adjective
indicating qua1ity or degree can be used after the object. The
before the adjective is "even more" or "still more."
used in such a precede the adjective.
be placed
1 am not as is.
My Chinese is not as good as his.
His handwriting is very poor, even worse than that of a child.
The traffic jams get more serious by the day.

is a comparative pattem, meaning "more adj. by the
day." The general is Topic + - which means
"one AN is more adj. than the last."
In Beijing, the number of private cars is increasing every day.
Relations between the two of strained by the day.
Each nearby restaurant is more expensive than the
Each student in this dormitory sleeps last.
When it is congested like today, 1 would rather walk.

means "(a situationlcategory) which
adj. as n.;" person) who works as
country) which is as big as China." this"
to something of the speaker; to refer
to something not of the speaker. This kind of phrase is often used
85
to a noun,
and the resulting phrase may serve as either
or object.
o 1 would like very much to like her.
like Beijing, the development of roads is especially

important.
A person like you who is always late has to live closer to school.
See L. 7, Note (3). used in the second clause to indicate

what the speaker prefers. What is given up is not mentioned.
Even though he wanted to help me , l' d rather do it myself.
weather is so bad that l' d rather be home reading.
The bus is too slow. Even though is expensive, l' d rather take
a tax i.
(9)
A: You'd better get offhere! B: Al l right, all right!
agreement or approval with a reluctant tone.
Could you give me a receipt, please?

used an imperative sentence, it serves as
a very polite form When used as an adjective, it means
"troublesome." See L. 7
Please sign your name on the check.
86
What a nuisance. I've lost my
It is really easy to change money. You will be done in ten minutes.
used when seeing someone off and is to

or "take care." Please note that this expression is only used when literally
seeing someone off. For instance, you cannot use it in a letter to substitute
nor can it be used when someone is leaving to get on a flight.
You also cannot use this expression if you are the one who is leaving.
1. Answer the following questions usbig the structures provided.

(-
(question word
87
1.
B: _____ 0
2.
3.
4.

1. If the number of private automobiles continues to increase, 1 am afraid that
traffic jams will grow more and more serious day by day. Several
now, perhaps roads and highways will not be able to keep
up with the traffic development.
2. He likes to travel a lot: Once he goes (on he often stays away for 2
months. For a person like him who likes travel so much, giving him cash is
not as him traveler's checks.
3. 1 worked 20 hours yesterday, and it was so tiring! 1 didn't even eat at all.
Today 1 would rather stay home and do nothing than go out driving.
VI. Composition
There are in China which international students may feel
helpless about, traffic jams. Have you had any experiences that
make you feel this way? Do similar things that make foreigners feel alienated
or helpless happen in your
88
• • ,. • •
V.-o. bargain; haggle over the price

price
n. antique
fú AN measure word for painting
shãnshu'íhuàr n. landscape painting
n. shopkeeper; boss
Míngdài n. the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
n. world
o oh (indicating understanding)
chóngxïn adv. again; anew; afresh
89
n. ancíent painting
adv. after all; exactly
yàoshì conJ. if
n. cost
zhuàn /lqián v.-o. mak.e money; make a profit
v.-o. joke; make fun of
péil/qián V.-o. lose money (in business

transaction)
qlong poor; poverty-stricken

.bu .qT V.-c. cannot afford
positive
90
renwu n. figure; personage; character (in a
novel, etc.)
pian.yi inexpensive; cheap
adv. have to; be forced to
guang v. stroll; go window-shopping
n. market
91
,
adj. coincidental; fortuitous

bàng (col1oquial) good; excellent
alya Oh!; Ah! (It expresses anger,
contempt or
disappointment.)
ng exactly alike
V.-o. spend (money)

shànglldàng V.-o. be taken in;
92
93
We have tidied up this painting.
"again" or "once more," usually modifies disyl1abic or
polysyl1abic words or phrases. If it is used to a monosyllabic verb ,
the verb must be followed by a precede it.
Please explain it again.
He wrote it a second time , but it still didn't look good.

't indicate a simple identical repetition, but
indicates doing something in a different way so as to do it more
satisfactorily than the first time.
The artic1 e he wrote the first time was too long. He wrote a second
one which had only 500 characters.
This solution is not good. You' d better think of some other way.
1 know that this is an ancient painting. How much does it really cost?
often used in an interrogative sentence to indicate an
get a definitive It may precede the subject. In English the
94
equiva1ent is usua11y expressed by intonation. Don't
answering a question
A: When exactly will you go? You'd better decide as soon as possible.
B: I' ve decided to go there next Monday.
Where exactly did you buy this painting? Was it at the antique store
nearby or in Wangfujing?
We are especia11y polite to

this context means a descriptive word or
phrase showing somebody's the person or thing
represented by the object subject. The
word or phrase modified can be either positive or negative.
The school treats foreign students too well! The dorms not only have
air conditioning, but a1so a color TV and a telephone.
The c1erks bank are not very polite to people.

3.
How does he treat you?
This painting would thousand dollars in another store.

mostly used in conjunction the second
can be omitted, especia11y when there is another adverb or auxiliary word
etc., or a question word in the second
c1ause.
now living in China. If you still hold on to your old habits of

living, you wil1 find things very inconvenient.
95
If you are not accustomed to using chopsticks, you may use a knife and
fork.
Ifyou are not feeling well, why don't you ask for one day offto rest?
1 am a poor student; 1 simply cannot afford to buy a painting for one

thousand do11ars.
"cannot to buy." Other verbs can be used and
mean "cannot afford V-ing,"
It landscape 1 want.
the same as the one in L. 7, Note (1). It is used to express
a determined attitude. Also see L. 8, Note (1).
1 spent quite a while trying to convince him, but he simply wouldn't

believe me.
1 say no , it means "no." Don't ask again!
Ifyou can't make it cheaper, 1'11 have no choice but to not buy it.
an adverb and indicates that one has to do something þecause
he/she can't avoid the situation.
There is no post office close to the schoo1. 1' 11 have to go downtown.
She was sick, so she had no choice but to take the day off and stay in
the dormitory.
1 only spent a hundred dollars!
96
used before a nwnber -AN phrase to the nwnber is
sma11, in the neutral tone and the nwneral stressed. It
applies only to a completed event.
This painting costs on1y two hundred dollars; it's re a11y cheap!
1 finished my homework in on1y h a1f an hour.
Oh no! Pve been conned again!

repetition of an action or and on1y applies to past or
inevitable different a repetition
which has not yet been re a1ized or is to be rea1ized.
1 went to the bank again yesterday to exchange five hundred U.S.

dollars.
lt's going to be Sunday again tomorrow. What do you plan to do?
You have already been taken in by him twice. You'd be careful

not to be fooled again.
in the passive "1 was conned. " There

is no active voice for this word. "1 was cheated by him"
97
(A
11. Rearrange the phrases in the parentheses to make a logical sentence.
?
2.
3.
111. Fill in the blanks with only one character.
98
IV. Complete the dialogues or sentences using
V. Complete the dialogues or sentences with the expressions provided.

1.
B: 0
3.
VI. Translate into Chinese.

1. Have you actually seen a Ming landscape painting
painting is not at all a restored ancient painting! It tã) looks
same as the one 1 saw in another antique store, and that painting was only
200
2. You faked again. 1 don't want to be fooled by you
anymore. If you won't rewrite a check for me, 1 would rather take cash.
3. 1 just don't believe that you sold this figure painting to me at a loss. Stop
joking! You simply cannot afford to lose 500
VII. Composition
Shopping in China can be a interesting experience. Not only can one
polish one's Chinese, one can also learn how to deal with street peddlers.
Imagine you are writing a guide book for tourists. What are some good
methods for haggling with or avoiding peddlers? What can you
your shopping experiences as a foreigner in China?
99
tóngzhì n. comrade
xiao.jie n. miss; Miss
dàyue adv. approximately; about
as long as
v./n. call; address, a fonn of address
suoyou all is
wúlùn no matter what, how, etc.;

regardless of
nranq Jn g adj. young
v. know (Chinese characters, a person
or place); be familiar with
unfamiliar
100
v. divide; separate;
n. men and women, young and old
adj./n. equal, equality
gaige v. reform
kãifàng liberalize
n. the opening-up and reform policy of
China starting in the late 1970's
adv. gradually
v. has become; became
nüshi n. (a polite term for a woman, married
or unmarried) lady; madam
v. receive takes a verb as an
object)
Táiwãn n. Taiwan
n. HongKong
p. w. overseas; abroad
y'íngxiang n./v. influence, effect
zhàng .fu n. husband
yì.si n. meanmg
101
n. (colloquial) husband
n. (colloquial) wife
dàitì V. replace;
tà i. tai n. wife; Mrs.
formal; official; solemn
jiã V. add; put in
n. store goods
market; shopping arcade
shòuhuòyuán n. salesc1erk; shop assistant
dàlù n. mainland
Zhõngguó n. mainland China
clr n. word; term
102
jïhü adv. almost; nearly; practically
lìngwài in addition; moreover; besides
middle-aged
wangwang
qíshí adv. actually; in fact
properly, proper; appropriate; suitable
n. characteristic; distinguishing feature

on the surface
outside
v. show; display
n. sOC1ety
n. characteristic; trait
huáiniàn V. cherish the memory of; think fondly
of
103
kèwén)
104
As long as you leam the word you can address any Chinese
person.
a condition or minimwn requirement. lt
either before or a:fter the subject ofthe first c1ause and is often
used in coniunction clause.
As long as we tidy up this painting a bit, it will be very pretty.
As long as 1 don't have a fever , 1 will definitely go to c1ass.
Whether m a1e or female , old or young, you may call all of them
"tongzhi."
Similar no matter what the circumstances,
the result remains be followed by an interrogative
lt is used in conjunction
It doesn't matter what time it is, there is a1 ways a traffic jam

downtown.
They sell at any window.
(3)
The term "nan tongzh i" has become <<nu tongzhi"
become "xiaojie.
a1ways fo l1owed
the action has been completed. Both the subject and object
should be nouns. You can never say
105
I haven't seen him for a few years, and already he has become an
adult.
That place used to be an elementary school, but has now become a
It's is influenced by usages in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and

overseas.
"to receive." a
A is inf1uenced by B. When in the active voice, the pattem is B
Adjectives such
you are living in Beijing, has your Chinese been inf1uenced

by Beijing people?
His living habits have not been inf1uenced by his parents.
Modem Chinese has been influenced not a little by foreign languages.
Teachers have great influence on students.
Recent1y many young people like to use "laogong' and "laopo" to replace
"xiansheng" and "taitai."
"Subject uses something to achieve... ,"
while "Subject means " subject is used to .
Ifyou bargain in this way, you defmitely can buy things of good
quality at a good price.
Our teachers never use English to talk to students.
106
bus is used to pick up
This dishwasher can be used not on1y to wash bowls, but plates and
chopsticks too.
ln Taiwan, people often waitress in a restaurant and the sa1eslady

in a department store "xiaojie" , term is not used so often in
main1and China.
used in the negative before a verb or adjective to indicate an

understatement. be used in the negative before noun
to indicate understatement.
It is not too expensive to get a hair cut in the barbershop near the
school.
expression is too old. It is not used often nowadays.
1 don't have many problems in daily life after coming to China; the
only thing 1 am not used to getting up
1 didn't buy many things except for two c10thes hangers.
ln China, people use << shifu" to but in Taiwan

almost nobody addresses them that way.
"a1most, nearly;" "around" or
‘‘about."
ln the dormitory, almost everybody is his friend.
107
1 a1most forgot that there would be an examination tomorrow.
1 went to the bank yesterday, and 1 for almost two hours

on the road.
It tak.es about 10 minutes to
Besides, when 1 see middle-aged ladies, 1 often don't know how to

address them.
"in addition," "moreover," or"besides" when used as an
adverb. It can modify a negative oft:en used
Please see L. 3, Note (19) for another usage
In addition to 1 a1so want to by some scenery postcards.
Don 't forget to bring your passport, and you should bring a few
too.
1 have only these two trun.ks and nothing else.

meaning "other," can. a1so indicate that something will not
do and something else must be done.
1 am busy today. Let's ta1k about it some other time.
This dish tastes terrible; 1 think we should order something else.
such is the situation in most cases. It can never be

modified by a negative word. It indicates of an action or
situation during the
Chinese and American people often have different views of

‘economizing."
108
The roads downtown are usually congested seriously during rush
hours.
The summer here is often terribly hot.
It that it is really difficult to address every one properly.

used as an adverb to sentence follows. Note that
you should never use any
3
It one has to bargain when in the antique

market.
It seems that taking a nap after lunch is helpful.
In the word "comrade" has a uniquely Chinese character.

"actually" or "in fact," often occurs at the head of a
sentence and can by a pause. Sometimes it indicates what is
introduced in the preceding sentence is not true , but
sometimes it does not truth of the preceding c1ause but supplies
some supplementary explanation.
Many Beijing is an old city; actually, it is very

modem.
Actually, the 1 came here today is to leam your opinion on

matter.
Usage ofthe and on the surface

result of modernization, but these words do not convey any feature of
Chinese society.
109
that a fact may not be as people usually think and
litera11y means It is always followed by a second c1ause
starting conveys what the speaker really thinks.
On the surface, men and women have become equa1, but actually there
still many problems.
Since the number seem much more

before; however, traffic jams have also become more
senous.
1. Answer the following questions.

1.
110
Ill. Rewrite the sentence

1.
B:
B: 0
B: 0
B: 0
B:
111
1. Chinese society is gradually liberalizing, that it has been greatly
influenced by overseas past when addressing people
everyone used the term "comrade", which has a Chinese flavor to it. Now,
everyone has changed to using titles like or "Ms.". The term
"comrade" is not used as often.
2. As long as you go to China, you will find that Chinese people are almost all
accustomed to taking rest for about an hOuf in
aftemoon. After living in China for a month, 1 was also influenced by
Chinese people and
3. Riding bicycles is a characteristic of Chinese society. Whether young or old,
man or woman, people all ride bicycles. As long as you have leamed
a bike, it is convenient---no matter you go. In
beneficial to protecting the environment.
VI. Composition
Do you believe that using the address "comrade" is more Chinese-like,
whi1e using the addresses "Mr." and "Ms." is a manifestation ofmodemization?
In Chinese there are no gender differences in forms of address, but there are
ofaddress in English such as "he' and "she,"
"chairman" and "chairwoman", "host" and "hostess." Is this differentiation
more confusing, or is it a way of showing gender equality in language?
112
n. toilet; restroom
for instance
shàng v.-o.
n. toilet
on one' s heels
adj. long; for a long tÌme
n. leg
shòu .bu cannot stand (or endure)
adj. hygienic; sanitary
113
contract (an il1ness)
n. infectious disease
(v.) infect; be contagious
wèi prep. for
shìmín n. citizen; urban dweller
xlngren n. pedestrian
"exempt-charge"; free of
jì conJ. .and; as well as

n. toilet paper
xTshoutái n. sink (in a restroom)
wén v. smell
gu AN measure smell , etc.

czd,
WE
U09
a h' bad smell; stench
look seek
movement; notíon; actíon
dàgài adv. generally; approximately; perhaps
n. newspaper
114
v. col1ect a fee; charge
dào upto
chullmen V.-o. goout
suíshën adv. "follow-person; on one's

(take) with
.zhe comp. adverbial partic1e

língqián n. small change
n./v. change; alter
chòu adj. smelly; stinking
zang dirty; filthy
dà bù .fen adj. most
jìnbù advance; progress; improvement

(cannot be followed by an object)
115
kèwen)
116
After arriving in China, it has usually been the little things in daily life
make me feel most inconvenienced.
When used with an abstract noun, "in a certain
aspect." See L. 7, Note (4). can sometimes be omitted.
He has manY problems both in 1ife and in his studies.
Inrecent ihe development of in China has been

very fast.
It is the little things in daily life that make me fe e1 most inconvenienced,

up early, taking a going to the
When a number of nouns are mentioned in a

specifical1y named and then fo l1owed
etc.
When 1 traveled in China last summer, 1 went to several cities,

inc1uding Shanghai and Beijing.
You can buy things like postcards, envelopes and stationery post
office.
On Beijing's there are many public restrooms which provide many

conveniences for residents and pedestrians.
the object of one's service or concem.
117
You should think not on1y of yourself but also of others.
This university provides very good dorms and good study conditions
for foreign students.
There is neither toi1et paper nor a sink kind of restroom.

usually or
phrases to indicate coordination and always fo l1ows the subject. Words or
phrases joined generally of the same type.
Things in that antique and pretty.
You have neither cash nor traveler' s checks. How can you buy
anything?
1 make sure to bring toilet paper and change with me when 1 go out.
this context indicates the continuation of a state.
There are a few large characters written on the gate of the dorm which
say, "Xinsong Gongyu."
There are a few old paintings hanging on the wall.
This is really a big improvement.

rneans "a big N. " A disyl1able is needed
118
11. Make a sentence with the underlined structure(s).
4.
119
3

l. A:
B:
2.A:
B:
3. A:
B:
4.
B: 0 B,

1. public bathrooms provide many pedestrians, 1
would rather not to use this type of restroom. Because sometimes they have
neither toilet paper nor wash basins (sinks) , 1 might catch a
contagious disease.
2. In the dorms, many people take showers in the moming. Each time there are
a1ways 3 to 5 people behind me waiting to shower, and 1 have to be quick
1 think that the school should add one or two more bathrooms
for the students.
3. In America, 1 have never seen a public restroom where they col1ect a fee.
Generally speaking, there are public bathrooms in stores, a11 have
toilet paper and sinks, so you don't need to toilet paper with you.
Often people who c1ean the bathrooms, so the bathrooms don't
have a foul smell.
VI. Composition
You have been in China for a few weeks. Have you experienced any
culture shock? What do you find inconvenient about living in China? What
have you you might not like, but still find interesting, such as
sharing a table with strangers in a restaurant, seeing people buying passes in
scenic spots, etc.?
120
n. "fire-car"; train
v. live
n. distant place
v. less than; not yet
Juran adv. unexpectedly; to one's surprise
n. Chengde, in Hebei Province

canguan v. visit (a place); look around
Bìshu Shãnzhuãng n.
(Imperial) Summer Residence
n. Shanxi Province
n. Datong (in Shanxi)
Shíkü n. Yungang Caves
ymgzuo n. hard seat (on a train)
ruanwo n. soft bunk (on a train)
121
lù.shang on the way
n. specia1 1oca1 product

g taste
r n. special flavor; loca1 flavor.
hïI n. snack; refreshments
n - n.
v.
passenger
other; converse; chat
f v.ln. practice; exercise
z Jm
Mr·-:| until...
t. w. now; at present
adj. intema1; domestic
n. tool; instnunent
n. chance
,
v. observe; watch; survey
122
When 1 travel to distant places, 1 either ride a plane or drive a car.
With nouns, verbs, phrases or
"either .. .or .. .(and else)."
Ifhe is not going to the post office, he must be going to the bank.
1 drink either mineral water or soda, because you can't drink tap water
directly.
123
1 have taken long-distance trains twice in the less than three weeks since
I' ve come to China
meaning "less than" or "not yet," is usually followed by an
expression denoting quantity.
If you go by taxi , you will be at China in less than half an hour.
1 can recognize fewer than 1000 Chinese characters.
It was not 10 0' clock yet, but he had already gone to bed.
Until major means of domestic transportation in China has still

train.
means "stop." With a time expression or a phrase inserted,
serve either as an adverbial or a complement
As ofyet, 1 haven't heard Chinese people address others by using the

word "comrade."
1 had spent 320 RMB as ofyesterday.

3.
Last night he studying from 10 0' clock and continued until he

had memorized each and every word.
124
11. rewrite the following sentences.
111. answer the following questions.

1.
B:
2.A:
B:
3. A:
B: 0
B: 0
125
v. Translate into Chinese.
1. long trips in China, taking a train is much more interesting and
comfortable than taking a plane. On a plane you cannot see the view
road, and it is not easy to get up and walk around. When riding a train, not
only can you buy specialty every locale, but Chinese people on
trains like to converse and
2. Until now, 1 haven't had a chance to Chinese people's
lives. 1 have been very busy either going to class or studying in the library
1 sleep less than 4 hours a day. 1 don't even have time to sleep,
let alone go out on to see Chinese society.
3. The last time 1 went to Chengde to visit the Summer Palace , 1 bought a
hard-seat ticket because someone told me soft-bunk tickets were extremely
expensive. hard seat was so 1
not stand it. This time , 1 am going to Datong in Shanxi, and no matter how
expensive it is, 1 am buying a ticket.
VI. Composition
Write a joumal entry describing your experiences of riding trains in China.
the train station. Write down what kind of people you meet on the
road and the content of your conversation. After going on a and
coming back to your wel1-equipped donnitory, is of China
the one you had before going on
126
zhõngwài adj. China and foreign countries
visitor (to a etc.); tourist
youmlng famous
n. scenic spot
Gùgõng n. the Palace Museum
n. the Summer Palace
n. the Great Wall
menplao n. entrance ticket; admission ticket
adj. any; whichever; whatever

huge crowds of people
gudài n. ancient times
127
n. building
huálì adj. magnificent; resplendent
zhuãngshì n. decoration
XluXlan adj recreationa1
V. exercise; engage in physica1 training
QVMh
i'''1
GGJW
V.-o. Jog
,,,
V.-o. dance
••••
n. taijiquan, a kind oftraditional
Chinese shadow boxing
V.-o. do taïjiquan
V.-o. play ball; play a ball game
yumaoqlu n. badminton
V.-o. take a stroll with one's caged bird
evening; dusk
V.-o. playchess
V.-o. re1 ax in a cool place

hëi dark
n. lovers (used only to describe people,
not to address them)
V.-o. date (someone) ; be in love
128
ten million
more than ten million
n. popu1ation
n. metropolis; city
píngshí ordinarily; norma11y
manglù busy
crowded
.V
yongJI
youxlan leisurely and
yímiàn n. one side; one aspect
menre hot and muggy

chaoshï adj. humid
qùchù n. place; resort; site
129
It is a sea of people all the time.
an adjective used to U sually there is
the noun it modifies. The is usually
disyl1 abic except in the topic position
indicating inclusiveness or exclusiveness the be used.
Everyone makes mistakes.
130
You may come to ta1k to me any time.
Some jog and some practice T' aichi.

The "some... , and some...." You
phrase.
Some of the books in the library are Chinese and some are English.
Some of the people in the room are reading, some are chatting.
On1y in Beijing's one see the leisurely side ofBeijing residents'

lives.
that what follows is the sole satisfactory condition. It is
often used in coniunction
On1y people who háve lived in a big city are aware of how interesting
city life is.
On1y by exercising can one be healthy.
B,
131
11. Form sentences using the underlined expressions.
IV. rewrite the following sentences.
132
1. When tourists go to visit a historical lìshi) scenic want
see ancient architecture. However, often what they see is nothing more than
modem decoration.
2. Who wou1d ever want to have a date somewhere like the
Summer Palace? Not only wou1d lovers have to spend money for their
passes, places, always packed of people, are not good
locations for talking.
3. At dusk Beijing is not as muggy and humid as daytime. The traffic is
still very heavy, but people roads are not as anxious in the
early morning. After work some people go home by riding a
bike, some by walking, and some by taking a bus.
VI. Composition
There is a Chinese saying which translates something "Distant
relatives are not as good as nearby neighbors." yuanqin bùrú
jìnlín) might statement, public places, such as
community parks, sidewalks, and even roads can become extensi()ns of the
household. People chat, cook, play chess, exercise, and even take naps outside
their homes. Does doing these activities outdoors provide for stronger social
bonds in the community? If you were provided chance to lead such a
life, would you like to give it Wou1d you say "yes" because you would
enjoy more interaction with others, or would you say "no" because such
activities would be an invasion of your privacy?
133
n. night market; night fair
idm. big streets and small alleys-almost
. everywhere/anywhere
n. Houhai; a famous lake in Beijing
jiubã n. barroom
guanguang v. go sightseeing
n. tourist; sightseer
(of a place) lively; bustling
noise and excitement
idm. thousands upon thousands
shàngwàn
v.-o. drink alcoholic liquor
chàngllgë v.-o. smg

song
sànllbù v.-o. take a walk; go for a walk
134
hú n. lake
huángdì n. emperor
huãyuán n. garden
Zhõnghuá Mínguó n. the Republic ofChina (1 912-
present, the government moved to
Taiwan in 1949)
chénglì v. found; estab1ish
huángjiã adj. imperial
v. open to the public
n. the common people
àn.shang p.w. on the bank; on the shore
bank; shore; coast
n. pleasure-boat
;.I U
Ii àng v. light; brighten; shine
níhóngdeng n. neon 1ight; neon tube

every kind of; a11 sorts of; a11kinds
of
135
! "
shàngyï n. upper outer gannent

loudly; in a loud voice
PIJIU n. beer
qmgsong light;
n. vendor' s stand; sta11

n. mutton cubes roasted on a skewer;
kebab
gao.su v. tell; infonn
bùgãn bújìng unc1ean; filthy
136
o
"
137
1 originally didn't understand meant; only after 1 came
1 understand what wm.
" see L. 3, Note means

or "not until" and is the same as the one in L. 3, Note (1 2).
Originally 1 only knew some famous scenic spots; 1 didn't

there were many small in Beijing until 1 came here.
1 didn't it was interesting to travel by train, and only after

taking a long-distant train did 1 realize that it was indeed a good
to observe Chinese people's 1ife.
Houhai is a lake. It originally was an emperor's garden.

be used as adjective to modif)r a noun. (See L. 6, page 56) It
is used here as an adverb and means the same
(3)
the establishment ofthe Republic ofChina in 1912, the imperial

gardens in Beijing were open to the public one after another.
- AN - AN, meaning "one a:fter another" or "one by
one," is adverbial and always precedes a often added
phrase,
Eat filthy things, and you wil1 stay healthy.
138
This is a common saying advising one not to pay too much attention to
hygiene, and which sometimes does make sense.
structure indicates an emphatic negation when used with two
monosyllabic words a disyllable,
Please learn this structure case by case because not a11 adjectives can be
way. When it is used with two adjectives opposite in it
means "neither ... nor... ," indicating an in-between state,
The price of this painting is neither too much nor too little, it is exactly
500
He said it neither too fast nor too slow. Everybody heard c1early.
1. Answer the following questions using t.he expressions when provided.
important)
139
IV. Answer the following questions the words provided.

1.
B: 0
2.
B: 0
3.
4.
140
B: 0
5.
B: 0
6.
B:
q

1. Although Houhai is called a sea, it is actually a lake. There are many bars
bank. evening, Houhai is crowded Chinese and
foreign tourists. The bars provide American beers, price is almost as
expensive as it is in America
2. 1 had some beer and some mutton cubes from a stalllast night. This
moming my stomach was upset, and 1 vomited. 1 don't know if this has
to do with the food that 1 had last night. Can 1 ask for a day's leave
to see a doctor?
3. In the evening, all the food stalls turn on their neon lights and begin to sell
kind of snack. 1 often go to those stalls for dinner.
is my most relaxed time of day .
VI. Composition
In a Chinese restaurant people talk loudly when food , while in
a good Westem restaurant people usually talk in low voices. What kind of
restaurant do you like? Why? Do restaurants you?
Y ou may have already been to some of and the
crowded night markets. Tell us
141
dòngwù n. animal
n. zoo
anpal v./ n. arrange, arrangement
huódòng n. acttvity
prep. take advantage of
opportunity, etc.)
congqlan
", .-'
t. w. once upon a time; sometime ago;
inpastdays
dà n. panda; giant panda
adv. mainly
wè i.l e prep. fòr; for the sake order to
gõngjiãochë n. same bus
142
plao n. ticket
V.-o. get angry; be offended by; be
angryat
V. spend (time or money)
n n. panda habitat; panda

n. entrance
exit
lovable; lovely; cute
báisè n./adj. white
black
n. ear
yanJlng n. eye
dì n. ground; floor
zhú.zi n. bamboo
V. 1ie; recline
T zhï AN measure word for animals
143
seem; as if
V.-o. say hell'O
adv. with'Out l'O'Osing time; hastily;

quickly
n. camera
pãi V. take (ph'Ot 'Os, m 'Ovies, etc.); sh'O'Ot
zhãng AN measure f'O r paper 'O r picture
n. tiger
shi.zi n. li'On
n. elephant
chãngJínglù n. giraffe
xmg.xlng n. g'Orilla
and S'O 'On; etc.
lãizì V.
deep; penetrating; pr'Of'Ound

jïnsïhóu n. g'O lden m 'Onkey
n. hair ('O f
g'Olden yell 'Ow
muhóu n. she-m'Onkey
female (used
144
V. in embrace;
cradle
n. . baby monkey
bëi V. carry on the back
hóu.zi n. monkey
mUAi n. motherly love
great; mighty
...
youyu'" prep. ovñngto;dueto;thanksto
ha i. zi n. child; children; kid
n. policy
zufùmu n. (use
in
spoken language or when directly
addressing them)
n. nver
chuan n. boat; ship; vessel
145
3
146
Last weekend our school didn't arra.t1;ge any activity. My roommate and 1
took this opportunity to go
In translates to take advantage of a
certain opportunity or time. However, in
preposition, not a used as an adverbial phrase
to the verb that follows. . 'Jl
1 haven't yet visited the Imperial Palace. I'd like very much to use this
weekend to see this old imperial building.
Since you are in China already, why don't you opportunity to

taste some snacks with local flavor?
This time 1 mainly went to. the zoo to see this famous animal.
the or the cause of an action. When used as a
used to introduce the purpose or reason.
occurs beginning of a sentence when used
The there is a foreign affairs office in the school is to help

the foreign students.
The reason that 1 don't use the dishwasher is to save water and
electricity; it is not because 1 can't afford it.
1 lived in Beijing for half a year in order to study Chinese.
Because it was a weekend, there was a huge crowd of people.
147
the See L. 2, Note
without a:ffecting its meaning when the modified element is polysyl1abic.
is bustling with noise and excitement in the evening.
work is rea11y not easy.

a1so used before the set phrase composed of four characters in a
exclamatory sentence;
One was w a1king back and it were greeting people.

often used in connection means "seem,"
"like," or "as be dropped except when the
structure is used as an adverbia1 phrase.
He was lying on his he were sick.
When he matter, he was silent for quite a while as ifhe were

veryangry.
the speaker is
not sure of something.
This stall' s food seems not very clean. Let' s go to a restaurant to eat.
1 think that the public restrooms near the school are
1 took out my camera at once and took quite a few pictures.

an adverb meaning "hastily" or "without loosing time." It can
be used both in an imperative or descriptive sentence.
It' s almost time for class. You' d better hurry up.
148
He had a hurried mea1 and made for the school.
You have already worked for more than 10 hours. Go to take a rest at
once.
1 even the love of monkeys was so great, let a10ne

the motherly love ofhuman beings.
This structure means the same as Note (3) "
in L. 3.
Even the food from the sta11s in the night market is delicious , not to
mention the food in big restaurants.
1 am a poor student. 1 can't even afford a train ticket, let a10ne a plane
ticket.
There is traffic even on the Second Ring Road, let a10ne downtown.
Due to the one child per family policy, 1 see quite often that parents and
grandparents, 4 people take care of one child.
"due to" or "owing to," is used in the first of a
sentence to introduce a cause. Its can be a noun phrase, a
predicate, or verb-object construction. used in
coniunction causal relationship. The
difference cause can be
placed after the effect always used at the beginning of a
a formal tone.
Because private cars increase too fast, the traffic jams get more serious
by the day.
Because he ate something unclean, he had a fever and also suffered
149
child per is- "an apple a day" is
1 call my parents twice a week.
1 go to the barbershop only once every two months.
kind of public convenience charges SO cents every time.
150

1.
B:
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0

1. He is 5 old already. His grandparents still often carry him in their
arms or on their backs. He is definitely spoiled by them.
2. In the zoo, we saw various of the world, such as tigers ,
lions, and elephants. But due to the hot weather, most of them were just
lying on the ground sleeping. It in Beijing not only people, but
even aninials need to take a nap aftemoon.
151
3. The school arranged for the foreign students to visit the Imperial Palace
today. Before we got on the bus, the teacher gave one ticket to each one of
us. Mr. Wang in the Foreign Affairs Office said that because today was a
weekend, there would surely be a lot of tourists there, and the line
the ticket office would be very long, so he purchased the tickets for us two
days ago.
VI. Composition
. Do you enjoy the zoo? Tell us what attracts you zoo. Many people
Beijing Zoo to see the giant panda which is on the brink: of extinction.
How can we save those animals from extinction? Is putting animals in a zoo
the best way to protect them? What do a zoo is supposed to offer to
us?
152
n. the Great Wall, covers a total
length of over 8851 k i10meters
n.lv. symbol, symbolize
z:ìyóu NGshén
‘ n. Statue of Liberty
xlang liberty
god; deity; divinity
statue; portrait;
-- tã pron. it inanimate objects or
v. represent
lìshT n. history, historical .
n. human being
...shT n. (suffix) ... history
qlJI n. miracle; wonder; wonderful

achievement
zuzhï v.ln. organize, organization
153
tcs N
measure word for cars
set out; start off; leave
urban
Jmru v, enter; get ìnto
Jlaoqu n. suburb
n. place 120 km
northeast of Beijing, where the
Ming Changcheng is located
xlanran aav. obviously; c1early
i1·IE 44b
backward
prosperous; flourishing
build; construct
mountam
Qínsh'íhuáng n. Qin Shi Huang; First Emperor of
Qin (259-210 B. C.)
shídài n. era; tímes
n.
U DAbh OA
wéihù v.
154
xìüfí V. repair; mend
gUl mo n. sca1e; scope; dimensions
dà guïmó on a large sca1e
jìãjiàn V. (of buildings) extend; expand; add

extra building
aíndài n. Qin Dynasty (221-206 B. C.)
zhàn V. stand; on one's feet
V. admire; have
n. achievement; accomplishment
rénl l n. humanlabor
cailiào n. materia1
jünshì n. military affairs
tangzhí V. prevent; guard against; avoid
díren n. enemy
V. invade
V.-c. stop; h a1t; hamper
155
ylyl n. meaning; significance
zhõngyú adv. at last; finally
dëng v. ascend; mount
156
The Great Wall is the symbol of China, just like the Statue of Liberty is
the symbol of America.
that A is the same as B. lt can be
or as an adverbia1 phrase to a verb, adjective, or sentence.
The teachers take care of the students so they are just like
When 1 was in Beijing, 1 took a nap everyday just like a Chinese.
The Great Wall was built during the era of Qin Shihuang. Later on, every
dynasty did maintenance and made repairs.
157
used to denote that each and every shares the same situation
or follow the subject
Everybody drank. a lot of beer last night, got up later than usual
This is a good school; every works hard.
How much human labor, time, and material were needed to build such a
great wall!
If the final then thls would be an interrogative sentence
how much human labor, time, and material wou1d be needed to
build a long wal1. the end of the an exclamatory
sentence sighing at how expense was.
The Great Wal1 didn't really prevent the military invasion of

their enemies to the north.
Many disyl1able verbs can be used as nouns are preceded by
For a verb-object phrase,
invasion of "to develop to the
north," "the development toward the north." Others
arrangement
ofthe address middle-aged
address for middle-aged women."
. . . but it has stopped the development of Chinese people toward the north.
used after a verb as a resu1tative complement, means "to a
stop." The potential fonn L. 20, Note (3)
for another usage of
This question of yours has really got me there.
158
1 don't know why, but they've blocked the way.
Stop! Show me your passport!
meaning or "toward," indicates the direction of an action.

See L. 6 , Note (10) for a different usage
He ran quickly toward the gate.
Ifyou go the school's gate, make a right trirn and cross the
street, then you wil1 see a bo'Ok st'Ore.
Alth'Ough very tired, 1 was very happy because 1 had finally climbed the
Great Wall.
"finally" 'Or "at last," is used when the has finally
achieved its g'Oa1. Y 'Ou can never
1 went t 'O the bank three times and finally had my U.S. dollars changed
int'O Renminbi.
Yesterday 1 saw the l 'Ovely panda at last.
159
160
IV. Choose the correct word from the provided

1. The Chinese in ancient times spent a lot ofhuman labor, time, and materia1s
to bui1d the Great Wall. However, it did not prevent invasion
enemies north, but rather stopped the Chinese
developing toward the north.
2. The Imperial Pa1ace and the Great both wonderful achievements in
architectura1 history. Every year there are thousands upon thousands of
tourists that of the world to visit them.
3. Beijing has been the capita1 of China during many dynasties. It has a1ways
been a prosperous city. The imperial buildings are of grand scale, and the
Beijing City Government has kept doing maintenance and making repairs
those buildings.
VI. Composition
While some portions of the Great Wa11 north of Beijing and near tourist
centers have been preserved and even extensively renovated, in many locations
the W a11 is in disrepair. Parts have been destroyed because the Wa11 is in the
way of construction. Shou1d Chinese people preserve the the sake of
tourism? Is it a of it have disappeared? What is your impression
ofthe Great Wa1I?
161
dào shí. hòu until then; until that time
zàishuõ v. put off until sometime later
miàn.zi n. face; dignity not used for the
xiãngyìng adj. corresponding; relevant

. V. -0. come into contact with; have dealings with
n. the other side; the other party

v.-o. show due respect for somebody's feelings
/0·j-au
iit
adv. especially
v. reject
n. request; demand
ve
.. conJ. or
agree; approve (The object
always an opinion/request, not a person.)
YI.Jlan n. opmlOn; vlew
162
"
b'í.fangshuõ for instance; for

yíkuàir adv. together
chéng.shí honest
v.-o. look for an excuse
huídá n./v. answer
n. assurance;
yídìng certain
v. consider; discuss; study

jìnyíbù adv. go a step
yíbù yíbù adv. step by step
v. agree; prOffilSe; answer
163
"
geren adj. individua1; persona1

sïshì n. private affairs
how old (used in a question)
miànqian face of; in front of
n. topic of conversation
v. teach
adj. smcere
n. courtesy; politeness
courteous; polite
164
n
We wil1 talk when the time comes.

implies that the speaker wants to put the matter off until some
later time. Other verbs "not v. until then."
1 am busy today. Let's talk tomorrow.
1 want to finish my homework and then go to eat.
165
… especially when denying other people's requests or disagreeing with
other people's opinions.
used to pick out a particular a general class. It
can precede a subject, predicate, verb, or adverbial
sometimes be followed
He is very of talking and especially of speaking

a large number of people.
Recently there have been a lot of job opportunities for college

graduates,
Chinese people, especially Chinese language teachers , should be able

to speak Chinese wel1.
You don't want to dine with him, but you don't want to come up
dishonest excuse, either.
a contradictory di1emma or situation in
Compare this usage with the one in L. 2, Note (1 4).
1 was not willing to pay 80 much money to take a taxi, but 1 didn't
want to be late either.
He didn't want to con8ent to the request, but it was rude for him to
reject it as well.
Ifthat asks you further, you might say: things one step
at a time."
often used to connect two clauses to indicate that a further
step is taken as a result of a previously mentioned state.
the number of private cars increased, developed

its roads.
166
2.
He asked me to help him, and later on he went a step further in asking
me to help him find a job.
doesn't mean "come" but stands in for another verb. It

. sometimes accompanies the main verb instead of replacing it
someone is going to do
How about some more beer?
Take it easy. Don't be nervous.
Y ou take a break and let me
Let me answer the question.
1 am teaching you to way is not that 1 want you

to be dishonest, but rather that 1 want you to know how to say "no"
politely.
"not... but...," indicating the negation ofthe
former phrase and the confirmation of the occurs
It's not that 1 want to ask you about your personal but r d like
to know if you are having any difficulties.
Now he is no longer a poor student but rather a rich shop owner.
167
1. Answer the following questions using the structures when provided.
method; means) ?
11. Insert the words in the correct positions in each

sentence.
III. Translate the following phrases into Chinese.

1. in regards to etiquette 2. these kinds of issues, such as traffic jams
demand 4. do not investigate until then
5. to develop step by step 6. to spend a lot ofmoney on antiques
IV. Complete the following sentences.
168
3.
4.
B:
5.
B:
1. Don't look for a dishonest excuse! 1 would rather you reject my request
directly. 1 am not of losing face, but 1 don't like you making fun of
of others. 1 don't want to dea1 impolite person like you.
2. The modernization of Beijing is ref1ected in its In recent
years, Beijing has added severa1 Ring Roads huanchéng
which are making life more and more
3. It is a very interesting thing to study how people change the subject when
talking. For example, if people don't want to talk about personal matters,
often change the subject to the weather.
VI. Composition
Rejection can be an art. For example, street vendors in scenic spots sell
souvenirs in such a sycophantic yet compelling one can be
Children come knocking at your door to sell candy bars for various
causes, but are too sweet to be shooed away. Or your boss might ask you to
run an errand unrelated to work. Perhaps your roommate asks if he/she can
throw a party in your and you worry about the
arlse.
Write an essay about either about rejecting people or about being
rejected. Where did it happen? Did you prove that you are a master of the art,
an aficionado of aversion? Or did you do it so poorly that you wish you could
go back for a second try? Did it, in either case, happen here in China?
169
"
"
! "
fànzhuõ n. dining table

adv. do as one pleases; do at will
shàngzuò n. seat of honor

lùn V. mention; regard; consider
n. age
n. position; status; standing
It is nothing. (used as a
polite reply to a compliment)
n. guest of honor
bù 1 really don't deserve this; you flatter me
170
-0. invite somebody to dinner; entertain guests
rùJ/zuò v. seat at a banquet, ceremony, etc.
duàn AN paragraph; part; segment
duìhuà n. dialogue; conversation
v. be particular about; pay attention to; be
fastidious about
seat; place
kè.rén n. guest
n. host
tUiràng v. decline (a position, favor, etc. out of
modesty)
qing adj. (said of age) young; small in number,
degree, etc. , (said ofweight) light
v. show; use words to express; indicate

enthusiasm; warmth, enthusiastic;
warmhearted
v. -0. (the guest) to eat
urge; advise; try to persuade
quàn J/jiu v. -0. urge (the guest) to

drink
171
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
again and again; repeatedly

really; honestly; indeed
chï. bu xià v. -c. be unable to eat anymore
hëllzuì v.-c. be drunk
it doesn't don't
unímportant m
sòng v. walk (somebody); accompany; escort
wOJmg mn To your health!
offer politely
gãnllbëi Cheers!; Bottoms up!
172
similar
chóngfù V. repeat
V.-c. run into; meet
n. occasion; situation
be sorry; feel apologetic
V. receive (guests); entertain
n. one's husband or wife
zuò/lcài V.-o. cook
n. ski1l; craftsmanship; workmanship
jiãchangcài n. home cooking; simple meal
AN an entire table of
173
v. vie for; scramble for
fù v. pay
fbj/zhh1g v.·0. pay a bill
qlng.Xíng n. situation
xïn.xiãn adj. new;
strange; awkward; weird
go Dutch
quite
n. culture
knHaxn nnaa
polite remarks;
courtesy; etiquette
n-0
nu"
44
alike; the identical
•• it's hard to say; you never can tell
n. a kind; a sort; a type

adj.
rùxiãng idm. a:fter entering a fo l1ow its
, ,.
S Ul SU customs; "When in Rome,
Romans do."
174
"
"
"
tC
t "
"
"
175
"
No matter ifwe base seating on age or on status, you should be seated in

the seat ofhonor.
concemed."
As far as scenery goes, this is not as good one, but this one
is much larger.
In terms of safety, this dormitory is not bad, but in terms of

is still no good.
Thank you. However, you are the guest ofhonor. Please go ahead.
short forms did this talk
come from? How can you These are polite terms used in
response to a compliment or an expression of gratitude. The terms
176
functi 'O n like the English phrases "Thank y'Ou," "Y'Ou are w e1c 'Ome,"
"D 'O n't menti'On it," "It is 'Or "1 am flattered," depending 'On
c 'O ntext.
1.
A: Y'O ur new cl'Othes are really pretty. y 'Ou.
A: Thank y 'Ou s'O much f'Or helping me. B: Y 'Ou're welc'O me.
als'O be used in rhet'Orical questi 'Ons t 'O express negati'On.
H 'Ow was 1 t 'O kn'Ow he eatbeef?
H 'Ow could 1 remember all th'Ose w 'Ords?
Y 'Ou are t 'O'O kind. 1 really d'On't deserve this.

a p 'Olite expressi'O n used in reply t 'O a
means "dare n 'Ot" 'Or "t'O deserve."
The seating arrangement is n 'Ot decided by the h 'O st, but a result 'Of
guests declining the best seats 'Out 'Ofm'Odesty.
a directi'Onal c 'Omplement meaning "'Out fr 'Om s'O mewhere ," e.g.
lt can als 'O have an extended meaning. As a
complement t 'O the "t'O express 'Outwardly,"
"make seeing," 'Or "fmd
declining m 'Odest1y,' "t'O succeed
in making the plan." When there is an 'Object, it can s'Ometimes be
inserted in s'Ometimes be 'Omitted.
When 1 speak a f'O reign language, 1 'O ften cann'Ot express my 'O wn
th'O ughts.
Can y'Ou put y'Our th'Oughts in writing?
This questi 'On is difficu1t f'Or me t 'O answer.
177
In order to display host often makes suggestions for food and
the purpose of or the reason for an action. It often

occurs at the beginning of a sentence, and the verb m.ay be negative. See
L. 16, Note (2).
1 went to Liu1ichang several in order to buy a good landscape
1 said it in a polite way in order not to upset him.
1 on1y to help you.
.. that is, over and over, (the host) urges the guests to eat and drink some
more.
most1y to human actions which are is
optiona1.
1 spent a long to get him to come around, but he just

wouldn't listen.
He declined again and again, unwilling to sit in the seat ofhonor.
The be put before as

adverbs meaning "to do more" or "to do less."
When studying language, you must practice more in order to

speak well.
You should exercise more instead of studying all day.
Y ou should eat less. You are getting
178
1 really can't eat anymore.
"really," "indeed," or "honestly." It emphasizes and
modifies adjectives, adjectival phrases, auxi1iary verbs or verbal phrases.
1 really don't have a good grasp on this matter. You should ask
somebody else to help you.
1 really can't comply with your request, and 1 don't want to talk about
Arnericans go Dutch when eating out.

The an adverb each individual of an entire
group does the respectively or same state.
the verb is a pronoun "one's own."
They can their own roads and go
Although they are one family, each has his own way
179
soup)
180
1.
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
4. A:

1. In general, my roommate and 1 cook separately. We are not picky
about eating, and our cooking skills are not too great, either. So today we
can make only a simple meal for (to treat)
2. You have repeated such similar words again and again. Can't you
another way? Your viewpoint is neither refreshing nor important to me.
3. Different societies have different cultural etiquettes. These differences
sometimes make people uneasy If such occasions occur, what is
most important is to "follow the customs when you are country," and
to not to interact with others.
V. Composition
It does not take much time to some of the customs you see in the
Chinese restaurants in America (or other countries) are not practiced here in
China, or vise versa. For example, in China people don't have cookies
after their meal. Rice generally comes after all the other food is gone unless
someone it earlier. Everyone declines sitting seat of
there were a bomb under the seat. Splitting the bill attracts attention. Have
you ever wondered what makes the Chinese subculture in America not
authentically Chinese? Make a cultural observation about the restaurants here,
and give a character sketch ofthe Chinese way of eating in restaurants. Does
change of Chlnese people or does it enhance
your former impression?
181
V.-o. order dishes (in a restaurant)
chà .bu about the same; similar
n. provmce
)Jj n. Sichuan
Xiãng n. Hunan
peppery; hot
Jiãng n. Jiangsu
n. Zhejiang
Jiãng n. Jiangsu and Zhejiang
and
tián sweet
yì'nshí n. drinking and eating
n. Northemer
miànshí n. wheat-based food
182.
zhushí n. staple food; principa1 food
mán.tou n. steamed bun
bão.zi n. steamed stuffed bun
jiao.zi n. dumpling
n. noodle
nánfãngrén n. Southemer
n. (cooked) rice
n. rice or m il1et gruel; porridge
zhõu n. gruel; congee (most ofthe time other
ingredients are added in addition to rice)
chï .bu v. -c. cannot get used to eating
select; choose
zhão.pai n. shop sign
n. Hunan Province
Guangdõng n. Guangdong Province
Yuè n. another name for Guangdong Province
n. Shandong Province
guan.zi n. (infonna1) restaurant
aí Lu n. ancient names for Shandong
183
jì.de V. remember
n. name of a province
jÌlI.zhu V.-c. memonze
n. form of a name
n. chicken
ya n. duck
.,
yu n. fish
n. vegetable
dÒu .fu n. bean curd; tofu
basic; fundamental
n. way;method
jiãn V. in shallow oil
zhu V. boil;cook
V. stir-fry
zhá V. in deep fat or oil;
V. steam in clear soup (usually without soy
sauce)
hóngshão V. braise in soy sauce
and so on; and what not
184
on
AUVJ
AN measure word for dishes
nHV
dòngcí n. verb
bïnyu n. object
jiégòu n. structure
qle.ZI n. eggplant
n. roast duck
without soy sauce
n. broccoli
conf. if; supposing that
míngcí n. noun
dõngsun n. bamboo shoot
rousl n. julienne meat; shredded meat (unless
otherwise specified, this usual1y refers
to pork on a menu)
- ....
xlarenr n. shelled fresh shrimp
n. rice fried with eggs
chángjiàn seen; common
185
n. Chinese leaf mustard
míng.bai obvious, know; understand
shíjì actually; in reality, actual; real
n. eight (choice ingredients of
certain special dishes)
sanxlan n. three kinds delicacies
n. "all house happiness;" a hodgepodge

of ingredients cooked
pot
zhïJèi and so on; and 80 forth; and the like
v. avoid;
186
,
187
Generally speaking, Northemers enjoy wheat-based food more.
same See L. 3 , Note (1 3).
They call Hunan dishes Xiang dishes.

See L. 8, Note (5).
Similarly, you can substitute the other verbs,
"to view A as take A as B."
Some Chinese call foreigners "Laowai."
He used the table as a chair and sat on it.
1 regard traveling by train as a good opportunity to observe Chinese

people's lives.
1 have to remember the abbreviation for many provinces' names in order

to choose a proper restaurant.
used as a compliment after a verb, it "finnly,"
"securely," or ''to a stop;" See L. 17, Note (5).
Hold the cup tight; don't drop it.
1 don't use chopsticks well; 1 often cannot hold the food securely.
boiling, deep-frying , braising and so

forth.
used after one or several coordinate words or phrases to
mean like."
188
Envelopes, stationary, and such are a11 available post office.
Before making braised bean curd, you have to beancurd,

soy sauce, sca1lions, ginger, etc.
If two ingredients are used in one dish, the cooking verb is often placed
between the names of the two ingredients.
the which means
the meaning.
If you are not used to Sichuan food, we can go to another restaurant.
If you don't remember the short names of the provinces, you will have
problems choosing a restaurant.
Treasures," "Three Delicacies," and "All House

Happiness. "
the They differ
used a noun,
Foods like rice and steamed buns are ca11ed "staple foods."
1 am not at a11 interested ih cooking, cleaning, and the like.
189
1. Answer the fo lIowing questions using the when provided.
11. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
3.
190
1.
B: .____....._ 0
2.
B: o
3.
B: 0

1. Chinese are very particular about etiquette at the table. In addition to urging
others to have more food and drink, you may often hear such polite remarks
as "1 is only a simple meal," "you are and
"don't mention it" when Chinese treat guests.
2. To speak Chinese well is not easy, and to read it well is even more difficult.
What is most annoying is to memorizing verbs, nouns, and the like.
3. 1 really can't tell you how 1 dish. 1 just put all the ingredients
together them.
4. He is about the same age as but his health is not good. 1 thought it was
because he didn't like to exercise, but later on 1 realized that his bad health
is closely related to his dietary habits.
5. It says c1early on the sign outside this serve
belong to Hunan cuisine, not Cantonese cuisine. 1 don't like to eat spicy
food , so 1 always avoid going type of restaurant.
VI. Composition
Reading a Chinese menu is a of deciphering riddles. Have you had
any difficulties ordering food , perhaps a unique or embarrassing experience?
Do you have any special tricks for getting just what you want, or any "old and
reliable" dishes which you always order when you are worried about what
might come up if you attempt something new?
191
n. road;srreet;avenue
dangerous
n. gate; doorway;
zuo AN measure word for bridges,
buildings, mountains, etc.
guòjië n. overhead goes across a
street;
rang V. give way to; yield
dãngzhõng in the middle
zhuàng V. co l1ide; bump against; run into
zhuàngllzháo V.-c. co1lide; bump against; run into

zhào.gù V. give consideration to; show
look after
shÎshÎ a11 the time
tíng v. stop
192
n. pedestrian crossing; cross-walk
(marked with stripes like those ofa
zebra)
zebra
ql v. nse; grow
zuoyong n. function; effect
qlzuoyong v. -0. be effective; have effect
ql.bù v. -c. unable to rise
xlwang hope; wish
v. abide by; observe
gUlze n. regulation; rule
traffic regulations
dìxià adj. underground; subterranean
ppzc
ovv
193
tèshü' specia1
jiëJíng n. streetscene
specific; characteristic
zhìxù n. order
qíngkuàng n. sïtuation
luàn zhõng idm. fmding order in chaos
xu
194
o
The pedestrians have to cross the street in the middle oftraffic (many
"in the middle" or "in the center." It also means "among."
Is the person who is between Mr. Zhang and Mrs.

guest of honor today?
Among a l1 the Chinese food 1 have tried, 1 like steamed fish the most.
1 am really of being hit.

a resultative complement be
means "to look and find ," "to buy successfully."
195
In America, cars must yield to pedestrians, while in China pedestrians
have to yield to
used to connect clauses indicating that two things are
to each other in meaning.
In America, most people use credit cards and checks to

while in China, most people use cash.
The number of private cars is increasing, yet the development of roads

cannot keep up increase.
there are both crosswalks and traffic lights in

sometimes they don't seem to have any effect.
used as potential resultative complement, it indicates that
an action can or cannot be "able/unable to
"able/unable to avoid,"
means "able/unable to solve."
Overpasses are also places for people to cool down, play chess, and play
cards; sometimes there are even vendors selling things.
used in two ways:
A: As an adverb , it means "even, go so It introduces an
example of an extreme nature to show that some circumstance is
extraordinary be added changing its
His mother not only gives him a lot ofmoney, but even cleans his
room for him. He is really spoiled!
196
He likes Chinese food. He can even a few dishes.
B: As a "even." It is used to connect a1l
kinds of nouns or clauses. What the most extraordinary
item.
He knows how to cook steamed fish. braised chicken. even roast duck.
school' s library, dormitory, and even its restrooms are a11 better
those of other schools.
197
11. Find and correct the error in each sentence.
III. Choose the correct answer.
IV. Make a sentence with the underlined expression.
198
1. road is mainly for that many drivers
never yield to the pedestrians. Also, the traffic lights do not have any
practical function. Therefore, pedestrians are always of being hit by
cars.
2. There are many cars road, don't yield so
quite dangerous to cross. 1 think you had better take the or the
underground walkway.
3. selling things on the or in the underground
walkway are a unique street scene, these places become little markets which
are unclean and crowded. Sometimes it is even more difficult to take these
walkways than to cross the road.
VI. Composition
In this lesson, it says: or
However, according to a
report, of all the fata1 traffic accidents in China, 80% are due to the
of pedestrians or bicyclists. During in China, who do
you think should be responsible for the traffic chaos? The automobile drivers
or the pedestrians/bicyclists? Can you figure out why that is? Do
you would be able to drive in Beijing? Is it different from driving in another
big city like New York or Tokyo?
199
v. make progress; go upward
suo AN measure word for school and
hospital
,V
xlaoxue n. elementary school
pái.zi n. plate; sign
Máo zhuxí n. Chairman Mao
dàochù adv. everywhere; at all places
gèyàng all kinds of
biãoyu n. slogan (usually on a banner
orposter)
...
zuoren v.-O. be an upright person
wu adv. (written) do not
suídì adv. anywhere;everywhere
tu /lt án v.-O. spít; expectorate

píng'ãn adj. safe and sound; without mishap
200
youguan V. have do relate
to; concem
n.
niándài n. a decade, age; era
n. politics
zhèngzhìxìng n. political nature
adv. greatly
V. decrease; reduce
n. commerce; trade; business
n. commercia1 nature
n. advertisement
dàodé n. morals; morality; ethics
n. Tian An Men; Gate ofHeavenly
Peace
n. People's Republic of China
republic
wans Ul V. long live

renmln n. people
201
v. rally
LéiFëng n. Lei Feng (1 940-1962), a 801dier
who died on duty and was hailed as
a model for the youth of China
and 80 on; etc.
jiào.xun n. lesson; moral
n. information; me8sage
n. meaning; implication
n. govemment
quan adj. whole; entire; total
tíllchü v-c. advance; raise
Jlang v. stress; pay attention to; be

particular about
wenmtng n. civi1ization; culture

Jlang wenmlng stress on decorum
shù v (in writing) set Up; establish
xinfëng n. (in writing) new practice; new
custom
shù xïnfëng foster healthy tendencies
v.-c. give Up; drop
202
adv.
v. pour out; empty
n. rubbish
suíbiàn carelessly
v. place (a a bicycle)
v. understand
sïxiang n. thought
v. be worth; deserve
tímù n. title; subject; topic
203
One can see all kinds of slogans everywhere in China.
an adverb and not a place word. It indicates that the
or state exists eveiywhere. It can a negative
before the verb without changing the meaning.
You can buy this kind of magazine
There are taxis everywhere. You don't need
Compared to the sixties and seventies in the twentieth century, there are
much fewer political slogans now.
204
" When A is compared
implying comparison often sometimes used
verbal complement. See L. 8, Note (7).
Compared to the past, Chinese people use far fewer polite phrases.
Compared to last this is a lot hotter and more

humid.
as a suffix is equivalent to the"-ness" suffix in English,

expressing such abstract range, way, degree, etc.
the end of a word makes it a noun;
"importance," Some ofthem can also be used to

a noun;
to carelessly dump rubbish randomly; to

used as an adverb to indicate the action is being done recklessly
and in a disorderly manner. For run
"to spend money carelessly," talk mindlessly."
Slogans are very interesting and are a topic worth studying.

"to be worth" or "to merit." It can be used as a predicate,
or it can take a verb or phrase as an object. It can be modified by
intensifiers note followed by a
verb positive meaning; you cannot say "He deserves to
be punished."
In order to save money, he refused to buy a dictionary. As a result, he

didn't learn well. It was really not worth it.
Chinese courtesy and etiquette is a topic worth discussing.
205
Lei Feng's spirit of serving the people is worth emulating.

1.
11. Insert the words in parentheses into the correct position in each
sentence.
111. Arrange the following phrases into grammatical sentences.

AV-
206
1.
2.
B: 0
3.
B: J

1. If your commercia1 s carry a mora1 tone, 1 bet the number of people watching
them will decrease tremendously. You had mention only information
related to daily life in your advertisements.
2. Compared with the stores in Wangfujing, it sold in the
roadside stands are cheaper, but they are not as good. You should know
how to select what you need to buy, and not buy without careful thought.
3. One can see all kinds of slogans pertaining to daily life everywhere in
Beijing shows that the government wants people to correct
some bad habits in their lives.
4. You can see bikes parked everywhere on campus. The students simply
don't pay attention to what is written on the banners. The banners don't
have any at all.
VI. Composition
At the end of his article, the author he believes China's slogans
are worth studying. What do they tell us about the situation in China? Do you
that slogans are sometimes, usually, or always followed? What is the
point of having slogans? Do you feel that there are more such slogans in
China than in the United States? Why or why not?
207
common; ordinary
putõnghuà n. Putonghua (common speech of the
CbWneselanguage)
guïfàn adj./n. standard; nonnal , nonn
guïfànzì n. standardized characters

adj. empty; hollow; devoid of content
n. slogan; watchword
v
you ylyl significant
V. exist
n. dialect
idm. some speak with southern accents
and some with northem tunes
208
v. explain; show
pref multi-
'..-
guoJla n. state; nation
xiàn n. ue
CPA rm
xlanxlang n.
enon
v. cause; create; give rise
undesirable result)
yu conJ.
A yu B zhïjiãn between A and B
v. communicate
n. foresight; vision
adj. foresighted
zhï.shi n. intellectual; the intelligentsia
tíchàng v. advocate; promote
n. Mandarin Chinese
guoqu n./adv. past, in the formerly
tuïxíng V. out; practice
chéngjì n. achievement; grade
adj./n. ideal
209
xmwen n. news
pmgmu n. TV screen
v. context) add subtitles
zlmu n. captions (ofmotion pictures, etc.);
subtitles
zlcong prep. smce
n. simplified Chinese characters
Chinese characters
v. nothing; produce;
bringabout
n. Chinese characters
tóngyï... same ...
n. . way of writing
v. vvrite
dài/llái v. bring about; bring along; produce
chaos; confusion, in chaos
210
biànshí v. distinguish and recognize
ylncl conJ. therefore; hence
na.me then; so
adj. effective
n. way; means;
guang adv. only; a1one; merely
v. depend on; rely on
xuãnchuán n./v. propaganda, propagandize
búgòu notenough
adj. enough
enough adj./enough to v.
n./v. radio broadcast, broadcast

nongcun n. countryside;
v. watch (television)
v. listen to (radio broadcast)
zlran natura11y, natura1
v. go deep into
211
212
China is a multi-dialect country.
context is prefix. It can be followed by certain
nouns to form adjective phrases. For
multi
This situation'has caused problems in communication among people.

"between A and B" or "among. …"
The students get along very well with each other.
Shanghai is located between Beijing and Guangzhou‘
1 the difference between traditional and simplified

characters is not as big as one imagines.
Since the 20's in the 20th century, the Chinese government has advocated
"speaking the nationallanguage (Mandarin)."
When used with a time expression or a starting
point. It is followed by a pause when spoken.
Beginning in 1949, China became a communist country.
1 left home as soon as 1 entered college.
During the past few decades , the results of promoting Putonghua have not
been very satisfactory.
preceded by a time expression, it means "during. …"
213
The differences between China and America have decreased
considerably during the few decades.
He has lived abroad for the
According to what my Chinese teacher said, .

followed by a substantive, disyllabic verb, or subject-predicate
construction, "according "on the grounds of." A1so see L. 1,
Note (3).
As 1 the housing problems in the

serious than those country.
In my opinion, you' d better take the soft bunk train. It is a little

more expensive, but it is much more comfortable.
China has promoted simplified characters since the 50's in the 20th
however, there have been people who always insist on writing
traditional characters.
followed by a time expression or event, means "since a point of
tÌme in the past" and can be accompanied
"from sometime in the past up to the time of speaking." It is
often used in conjunction
Since the reform and opening (of China), Chinese society

undergone great changes.
Ever since he went to college, he has on1y comes home during

vacations.
214
Ever since 1 arrived in Beijing, I' ve found not every Chinese
person speaks standard Chinese.
Therefore, we should all speak Putonghua, and write standardized

characters.
"therefore," is a conjunction used at the head of a clause, a
sentence, or a paragraph. It may be followed by a pause when speaking.
Please not be
used
We speak different dialects; therefore, we have problems

communicating.
1 really
therefore , 1 always try to avoid ordering these dishes.
it is not enough to depend solely on the government's

propaganda.
"only," or It can restrict range but not quantity.
It is useless to just be nervous. You have of some solution.
It is not good to be able to use traditional characters only. You need to

learn simplified characters in order to study in China.
This semester, 1 have spend hundred dollars just on buying

books.
in the rural areas can watch TV programs and listen to

the Beijing, Putonghua and standardized characters will
naturally penetrate region of China.
215
the time at which happens or the condition
needed for it to happen and is generally followed by a phrase or clause.
Phrases often added at the end of
these c1auses.
When is built, crossing the street will no longer be a
Isn 't it too late to start studying when your exam is the next day?
Don't say about this. Only tell him after he asks.
1. Answer the following questions using the when provided.
4.
11. Complete the following sentence.
216
5.
111. Insert the words in parentheses into the correct position in each
sentence.
economy)
IV. Answer the following questions
V. Answer the following questions
217
V1. Answer the following questions
VII. Translate into Chinese.

1. The meaning of "southem accents and northem tones" is language
in one place is somewhat different from This phenomenon will
bring forth difficulty in communication among people. For example, when 1
am conversing with different places, most
cannot understand what they say. By the time 1 figure out what they are
saying , they have already switched topic.
2. Ever since the Chinese government began the promotion of
speaking Mandarin Chinese, relevant slogans can be seen everywhere.
However, their result (achievement) is sti1l not very satisfying. For example,
in big cities such as Shanghai and people still
insist on speaking in the local dialect.
3. Is it beneficial for foreign students to leam Chinese by reading TV subtitles?
Some people not having subtitles would create big
students' understanding. But some people only pay
attention to subtit1es, which is not a good thing for their 1istening ability
VIII. Composition
Does promoting the speaking of Mandarin mean to some extent
jeopardizing the status of dialects? Some people a dialect is one of
the most important aspects in preserving a culture, people should have
the right to speak. their mother tongue. Others of a county
will be seriously affected ifmany languages are spoken in the country. Which
opinion do you agree with? Why?
218
V. manufacture; make
fíwù n. present; gift

ng V. give (a present)
gan'ga adj. awkward; embarrassed

n. factory
xié.zi n. shoe
xlang.zl n. luggage; box; suitcase

iãjù
j… n. furniture
219
zhì\i àng n. quality
fëngfù rich; abundant

zlyuan n. natura1 resources;resources
adj. low-priced; cheap
low-priced; inexpensive; cheap
laodònglì n. labor force
ãndìng stable; quiet; settled
abstract nouns only)
gongsl n. company;
V. set up; establish
gongren n. manual worker; workman

V. lose one's job
n. Europe
n. developing
guójiã
probably; maybe, possibility
V.-o. obtain employment
220
v. reduce; drop; lower
shãngpln n. commodity; merchandise

. shl v. enable; make
v. enJoy
idm. excel1ent qua1ity at low prices - a

bargain buy
v. raise; heighten; increase
shuTpíng v. standard; level
Jlngjl n. economy
n n./v. contribution, contribute
221
1 bought a few presents from the States to give to my Chinese friends.
used between verbal phrases or a verba1 phrase and a verb. What
the means of completing the action and what the
action to be completed.
What are you going to use/do to help him?
Many American companies set up factories in developing countrles in

order to lower their costs.
…to enable people throughout the world to enjoy inexpensive, high-

qua1ity products.
222
meaning "to make," "to cause," or "to enable (a situation to
happen) ," is used more frequently in in spoken language. It
can be replaced
allow," "to let," or "to make someone do something." For instance,
one can never See L. l , Note (7)
and L. 6, Note (5).
here don't generally yield to pedestrians, which makes me very

nervous when 1 cross the street.
He rejected my request and made me 1 had
China's reforms and opening-up have made some contributions to the

economic development of the whole world.
always used in a positive situation. You may say in
English that "His laziness to his failure ," but you can never
thls way. The always a large/formal
entity such
These intel1ectuals' promotion ofspeaking Mandarin Chinese has

made great contributions to the of the
The development of transportation contributes greatly to economic

progress.
223
224
1.
2.
B: 0
3.
B:

1. Societa1 stabi1ity has contributed great1 y to the economic development of
our country. We don't have problems with unemployment, and the
phenomenon of big companies refusing to set up factories here no longer
exíts.
2. Factories set up in developing countries are mainly require cheap
labor. Companies method to reduce the cost of manufacturlng
their products. On the one hand, this increases opportunities,
but on the other hand it cannot truly upgrade the technologica1 kejì)
level of these countries.
3. How can it embarrass you to buy cheap but high-quality presents to give to
As long as you don't buy that sma11
will not know.
VI. Composition
Many people in the relatively near future China will become a
bigger power than Japan or even the United States. What aspects of Chinese
society have you observed which indicate that China is moving in this
direction? Does "bigger" mean "betler" for Chinese people? Why or Why not?
225
ylxlang adv. always; all along
zhòngnán idm. prefer sons to daughters; look up to
qmgnu men and down on women
n. tradition
sheng v. give birth to; bear
n. boy
nuháir n. girl
xiängdãng adv. quite; considerably
v. adopt; take in and bring up
n. joke
226
adj. rich
nenggan adj. able; capable; competent
n. colleague; fellow worker
V. -0. hold a meeting; have a meeting
xlao laugh at
zuobiãnr n. left side;
n. right side; right
v. reflect; reflex; mirror
jiãtíng n. fam i1y; household; home
227
zhàn V. hold; constitute; make up
adj./ leading; dominant; guiding, lead;

V. guide
gongzl n. wages; sa1ary
V. hand over; deliver
,
you prep. (done) by (somebody)
chulì' V. handle; dea1 manage
n. aspect; feature
nuren n. woman
nánrén n. man
yapo V. oppress; repress
lì.hai adj. fierce , capable
228
n
In Chinese history, there has always been a tradition of regarding men as

superior to women.
an act or situation has remained the
certain time in the past up to the time when speaking. It can modify either
a posïtive or a negative sentence.
229
They have always gotten along well.
These sma11 parks have always been good places for Beijing's citizens
to go in their leisure time.
The living standard in cities has always been higher than that of the
rural areas.
that within a certain
period of time , an action continues without interruption or that a state of
affairs remains unchanged.
It has been raining for two days straight.
1 have been observing the changes in Chinese past two

years.
The phenomenon of preferring boys to gir1s is still very common in the
be used as an adverb meaning "quite," "fairly," or

"considerably." It indicates a certain degree not as
expressed by a than that expressed by an
unstressed It modifies adjectives, certain verbs, auxiliary verbs , and
phrases.
Only after 1 arrived in Beijing did 1 realize that Beijing is a quite

modemcity.
It Îs not at all easy to change one's bad habits.
This store is not very big, but it carries everything.
The children that foreigners adopt are almost a11 gir1s, not boys.
"a1most, nearly;" "around" or
"almost." See L. 11 , Note (7).
230
Nearly every street has a few restaurants.
Nearly every graduate

Sometimes something undesirable nearly took place but
in fact did not, and the speaker finds it a narrow escape.
o'clock in the aftemoon, 1 still hadn't had lunch. 1 was about

to die of starvation.
1 quickly ran across the many cars and nearly got run
over.
1 didn't know any table manners and nearly made a fool of myself.
a1so indicate that something very desirable which initia11y
seemed unre a1izable was realized end, speaker
good luck. The verb is in the negative.
He spoke very Almost no one noticed his foreign accent.
He obtained a Ming dynasty antique without spending very much

money.
Also, something very desirable which
initia11y seemed realizable was not in fact rea1ized, implying a feeling of
regret. The verb must be in the positive.
He nearly got that job; however, because he couldn't speak any foreign
language, ultimately he didn't get it.
1 was playing chess with him yesterday; 1 beathim.
231
Most1y the monthly pay of the husband would be handed over
and be handled
"by," but it is in a passive voice. In
the + v. " the identity ofthe doer is the
information to be revealed and should be stressed when
doer is usually someone who should be or in charge of the
used to indicate that has been done and usually
has a negative connotation in spoken Chinese. The doer cannot be
omitted be omitted. See L. 2, Note (10)
for the usage
The problems of foreign students should be addressed by the foreign

office.
The examination time has been arranged by the teacher; it is Friday

aftemoon.
1 think that the language that a s people speak and the

character they write should not be decided by the govemment.
Foreigners can not see this most ofthe time.

means "point" or "dot," here it means "aspect" or
"feature." It cannot be used alone and is often used
all one has to do to acquire a foreign language is to do a

lot ofreading; 1 don't agree at alL
1 think that the feature that he talked about is extremely important.
232
6.
7. ?
III. Complete the dialogues with the expressions provided.

1.
B:
2.
233
B:
3.A:
B:
IV. Choose the correct word.
2.

1. In traditional Chinese society, it is very common to value boys and look
down upon girls. Ferilales got fewer opportunities in every field. People
even considered women being capable a
2. He always hands his salary to his wife and has his wife deal
However it is not necessarily because he is of his wife; maybe it is
on1y because he is too lazy to handle it himself.
3. opening up of China, man and woman have become equal on the
surface, but actually there are still many problems. Women are still
oppressed in many fields Many people just can't see this.
VI. Composition
There are indeed many jokes in China about a man who is of his
wife, and there are men who readily admit that afraid of their wÌves.
Why would a husband be of his wife? When of someone,
does it mean that you respect himJher? What is the ideal relationship between
husband and wife?
234
v. take off; cast off
kù.zi n. trousers
fàngllpì pass gas; fart
shengdòng adj. lively; vivid
súhuà n. common saying; proverb
n. a set phrase; Ídiom
n. a two-part metaphorical or
allegorical saying
n. wording; choice of words
sh'íyòng use; make use of; apply
yuyán n. language
bìngcún exist
jïn bìngcún the ancient and the current exist
simultaneously
235
,
adj. uuunecessary;surplus
gaoya adj. refined; elegant
tiãn zú idm. drawa snake and add feet
- ruin the effect by adding
superfluous
V. understand; comprehend
, v
mlyu n. riddle; conundrum
wangJI V. forget
plru for example; such as
na V. seíze; capture .
n. mouse; rat
xianshì V. poke one's nose into others'
business
236
zhuõ v. catch;
n. cat
n n. responsibility
conJ. only if; only when; unless
shú familiar
conJ. otherwise; or else
v.-o. make a fool of oneself
237
You can be best of the interesting phenomenon of the coexistence
of classical and modem Chinese languages through the development and
usage of idioms.
Some verbs and adjectives can be used as nouns when
preceded by See L. 17, Note (4).
238
The Chinese govemment pays a lot of attention stability of
society.
From students' improvement you may see that this teaching method is
very effective.
The backwardness ofrural areas is not something new, rather it has a

long history.
writing and reading of Chinese characters is relatively

foreigners.
There is no other sentence that can express more vividly or interestingly

than this one that one has done something unnecessary.
+ n. is often used in a Þ!:. sentence to indicate emphasis. A
double negative sentence same
There is no other department store bigger than this one.
Nothing is more important than this.
This brand is very famous. There is no one who doesn't
washing machine is the most common household appliance.

Every family has one.
You don't use it unless you are speaking to a

the only necessary precondition and is often used in
"only if' or "only then," and indicates
that only in a certain way can the result be achieved.
239
He asks for a day off only when he is sick.
Y ou can get foreign goods only at large department stores.

meaning "otherwise" or "or else," is inserted between two
clauses or sentences things have to go as indicated in the
first clause, otherwise the resu1t w i11 be as indicated in the second clause.
Y ou' d better go by taxi, otherwise you'll be Iate.
His Chinese is excel1ent, or else how cou1d he be a Chinese teacher?

In the double
negative construction is used to reinforce the statement mentioned above.
Sometimes only the reinforcing statement is kept is
deleted.
You can understand Chinese people' s lives if you go

to live in China; otherwise, it is impossible
Unless we find particularly cheap labor, we will have no way to reduce

costs.
1 definitely cannot unless you help me.
1. Answer the fo Ilowing questions using the expressions when provided.
240
III. Choose the appropriate word from the list to fill in the blanks.
1.

1.
B: )
241
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
4.
B: 0

1. 1 really don't know much about Chinese idioms and proverbs, so 1 cannot
use an appropriate and interesting idiom to express what 1 mean. Unless you
tell me which one to use , it is me to figure it out.
2. You can tell ways of Chinese people are very particular
about eating. In the Chinese language, thousands upon thousands
ofwords related to ways ofcooking.
3. Every thne 1 traveled to Datong, to Yungang Caves, 1
always went by train To my surprise, you bought
airplane tickets for time. You are poking your nose into my
business!
4. The meaning of some proverbs cannot be their
meaning. 1 urge you not to use them 'Otherwise y'Ou will make a
fool of yourself.
VI. Composition
foreign language students, part of understanding any
language is being able to guess implied meanings or to understand references
to commonly knows stories or events. For example, the English expression,
two things are like apples and oranges' makes no sense literally; but
English speakers the person is talking about comparing two
which are completely unrelated. Can you think of some other English
would be incomprehensible to the uninitiated ear? What are the
real meanings of these phrases, and how would you explain them t'O a Chinese
studying English? Do you have any experiences of such
misunderstandings in Chinese?
242
n. "iron rice bowl" - a secure job
V.-c. break; smash
V. establish
bànshìchù n. office;agency
n. computer
c a1 culate
kuàicãn n. fast food
bàngõngshì n. office
Hànyu n. Chinese language
tóngshí adv. at the same time; in the meantime
adj. common; ordinary
243
v.-o. graduate
n. college graduate
v. distribute; allot
m v. promote; accelerate
n n. concept; notion; idea

zhÎdù n. system
stable (on1y nouns)
gèháng n. all trades and professions

trade; profession
jìngzhëng n./v. competition, compete
dào v. realize; understand; comprehend;
recogruze
n.lv.l success, succeed, successful
adj.
244
n. food prepared in a
"eat out of the same pot" -
the same benefits regardless of
who works more
búzài adv. no longer
245
From airplanes to telephones to fast-food , nearlyevery
large American company has an office in Beijing.
scope and stress on the inclusiveness. It is often
used in coniunction
From teachers to that his speech was both

lively and interesting.
From air conditioning to water telephone, the donnitory has everything.
(2)
Although the "Iron Rice Bowl" system brought everybody steady

reduced the competition among trades and professions.
means "each and every n." or "all n." The two
near-synonyms; pattem; style;
kind; See L. 15 and L. 22:
You are advised to learn this structure case by case.
(3)
The "Iron Rice Bowl" is no longer characteristic of China.
or assumed repetition or continuation of an action.
the negative often used at the end of the sentence
indicating the change of status.
It is no longer a rare thing for the foreigners to be looking for jobs in

Beijing.
Chinese people nowadays don't pay attention to courtesy as much as

before.
the emphatic form
246
He became deathly ill a:fter being drunk. Since then he no longer
drinks.
What? He said 1 was "a dog catching a mouse?" I'1l never help him
again!
11. Make a sentence with the underlined expression(s).
247
111. Choose the correct word from the list to fill in the blank.
IV. Use the following words to complete the advertisement.
248
V. Complete the sentences with the expressions provided.

1. People from almost every work ìn America to Japan
Britain people work in
all kinds of businesses. Some of that they w i11 get a better job
when they go back to their own country. However, some of
worried that the longer they the harder it will be for them to
learn about the developments in their own country.
2. His notion only competition will accelerate reform and bring success.
He has offered many bonuses to increase competition.
Therefore, gradual1y people have begun to seven in the moming
to eleven at night, don't wear smiles on their faces any longer.
3. It is a good ideal to try to succeed on one's own efforts without using
connections However, a lot of young people no so.
On one hand, it is because the competition in every line of work is
, extremely fierce and on the other realize can
succeed more quickly ifthey use their connections.
VII. Composition
In China, the "iron rice bowl" has been broken under the impact of the
policies of opening and and the "silver -- working for
company - has assumed the position of the iron rice bowl. What is the
influence of this phenomenon on the local companies in China? Is it possible
that most talented people prefer to work for Wil1 this
situation change the work ethics ofyoung Chinese people?
249
plngpang n. table tennis;
n. diplomacy; foreign affairs
wel v. surround; enclose
shu'íní n. cement
simple and crude
qiújì n. ball-playing skills
qiúduì n. b a11 team
v. visit
díduì hostile; antagonistic
Jumlan n. aspect;
cóngc'í y'íhòu on; from now on
duõfãngmiàn many-sided; in many ways
jiãoliú n./v. interaction, exchange; interchange
250
t'íyù n. physica1 education; sports
n. learning; academic
jìnxíng carty out; conduct
conj. yet; but; however

isolate; segregate
chãyì n. difference; divergence

n. course; process
anse; emerge
obstacle; barrier
n. human rights
rights
shuãngfãng n. both sides; the two parties
n. view; a way of thing
dáchéng v. reach (an agreement)
n. agreement
251
n. background
n. contradiction; conf1ict
n. conf1ict; clash
xiânghù mutual; each other
zünzhòng v./n. respect; va1ue; esteem
for a person
because ofhis age , status, or deeds)
v. force; compel; coerce
jieshòu v. accept
biâozhun n./adj. standard; criterion, standard
suí.zhe conJ. along with; in the wake of
252
o
253
reminds me of the first time China sent a ping-pong tearn to visit
America in 1972.
"remember" or "recall." The potential resu1tative form
is an object, it must be inserted in
sometimes omitted.
Seeing these newly-arrived students reminds me of the time when 1

had just come to China.
This is horriblel No matter how hard 1 can't seem to remember

his name.
From then on, the two countries began interacting multi-laterally.
China began to open up in the late seventies.

standard ofliving ofthe Chinese has risen significantly.
The Chinese government promoted simplified characters in the 50's.

simplified characters becarne the standard
form of the language.
During the past thirty years , China and America have carried out large
scale exchanges.
a time expression indicates the time duration when
something takes place or exists, usually longer periods oftime. It may be
placed at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb as an adverbial
phrase.
254
1 have ta1ked to him severa1 times in the past few days.
From government organization down to the lives ofthe common

people, everything has undergone big changes over the
years.
However, two countries had been for so

difficulties and obstacles have emerged during the course of their
interaction.
"however," but sounds more literary.
There may be a pause after it.
These chi1dren have great ba11-playing skills; however, because their

equipment is so crude, their results aren't too good.
Of course it is good to be able to use idioms and proverbs, but if you

cannot use them correct1y, it would be better not to use them at a11.
During the course of their interaction, many difficulties and obstacles

emerged.
a 1'10un, verbal phrase, subject-predicate or
construction, means "in the range," "in the process of' or "in the
of." With a noun, the expression sometimes means "among." See L. 21 ,
Note (1).
In opening up, .on the one hand, China increased domestic factory
production ability; while on the other hand, it welcomed foreign
ínvestment.
255
In the course of economic opening of markets is
especially important.
Among the slogans that 1 have read, "Emulate Lei Feng" made the
deepest impression on me.
Among the proverbs that 1 have learned, 1 like ''taking off your
fart" the best.
At this time, mutual understanding are most necessary.

the same except be used as an
which means "mutua11y," or "each other," is usually used to
polysyllable verbs or verbal phrases.
we should help each other out.
Mutual interaction between the two helps both sides.
Due to increasing bilatera1 interaction, mutua1 understanding great1y

increased as well.
At this time, what's most necessary is mutual respect and understanding,

not one country forcing another to accept its standards.
.. is used to of the former noun
or phrase and the negation of the one. Compare with L. 18, Note (6).
The biggest obstacle between the two interacting is the

difference in their politica1 and socia1 systems, not their historical and
cultural discrepancies.
256
What's most effective during the economic development is a spirit of
competition, not the government's policies.
Along with increased interaction between China and the US , both sides
will be able to deepen their mutual understanding.
"along indicates that a certain thing changes in tandem
with something else. What be a verb denoting change.
Verbs can be preceded make them into nouns.
Along with increased interaction between China and the

American companies which set up offices in China are increasing also.
rising of my Chinese language level , the number of my

is increasing each day.
257
5.
11. Rewrite each sentence using the expressions provided.
111. Correct the errors.
258
1. !
B: _ _ 0
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
4.
B: 0
5.
B: 0
6.
B: 0

1. In the past few months , there have been a lot of fights between us
because we stick to our own opinions. He felt that 1 no longer respected or
understood his ideas. However, 1 felt that it was he who was trying to force
me to accept his standards.
2. With the increase of my visits to foreign 1 have a deeper
understanding of why in historical backgrounds
can have so many conflicts during the course of their interaction.
3. Her cooking often reminds me ofmy mother's homemade
she cooks is very simi1ar to my mother' s in many aspects; nevertheless, she
has not achieved my mother' s level yet.
VI. Composition
Some people claim the United is currently practicing
Imperialism" with its export of American (e.g. McDonald's, Coca-Cola,
Hollywood movies) to other countries. Do you agree or disagree with this
claim? If you why do you think these U.S. actions are justified? If
you agree, what do America should do to achieve a better interaction
with other cultures?
259
n. the entrance examination for colleges
and universities
Juxlng v. hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.)
ruxue v. -0. start school; enter school
n./v. test; examination, take a test

v. determine
zhuãnyè n. special field of study; major
whole; entire is often used in
coniunction
jiàoyù n. education
n./v. preparation, prepare
260
n. interest
conJ. it is no doubt
fùmiàn adj. negative
positive
v. rote memorizing
v. lack; be short of
v./n. ana1yze, ana1 ysis

n./v. train
t'íxiàn v. embody; reflect; give expression to
gongpmg fair;just
v. grow up; be brought up
v. be successful (in a test)

n. Peking University
guan.xi n. connections; relationships
n. backdoor
hòuménr v.-o. getin back door; secure
advantages through pull or influence
261
n. ability; capability
in one's opinion
n. good point; merit;
n. shortcoming; defect; weakness
plpmg v. criticize
adv. excessively; over-
qiángdiào v. emphasize;
JlY I n. memory
zhòngshì v. think highly of; value; take something
seriously
dào .l i reason; sense
dào .t i reasonable
n. performance (in school, work,
behavior)
262
Whi le college entrance examinations undoubtedly have some negative
effects, they do embody the spirit of fair competition.
263
a coniunction. It is
express the speaker's actual or to introduce another aspect
of the matter concemed.
interactions two countries have certainly

advanced mutual relations, differences have also surfaced during the
process.
It you helped him save face by not criticizing him, but now
he has no way ofknowing his shortcomings.
3.
It is off your pants to fart" is not terribly elegant, but

can of any other expression that is more vivid and interesting?
Many high school students only know rote memorization and cold
recitation while lacking training in analysis and understanding.
L. 21 , Note (3) two things are contrary to each other.
this context is used to connect elements which are
complementary to each other, indicating an addition. lt may connect
adjectives or descriptive phrases, or join verbal phrases. One cannot use
ìltl in such cases a very similar meaning to "and" in
English.
He insists on his own point ofview and won't listen to the opinions of
others.
There are many vivid and interesting proverbs in the Chinese language.
have been separated for too long, so significant

differences in all areas have emerged.
264
As long as he passes the examination, a young man from the
can enter Peking University like anyone else.
used to comparison between two things, it must
be in conjunction word or phrase such
See similar usage in L. 17, Note (1).
1 haven't seen you in two years. You look before.
In modem society, women can enter universities and look for jobs just
asmendo.
Young people in Beijing are just like young people in America. They
have to look for jobs for themselves after graduation.
In my opinion, the merits of this examination outweigh the shortcomings.

used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a person's
opmlon.
From a teacher' s perspective, testing is a good method for

understanding students' progress.
In my opinion, the college entrance examination in China embodies the

spirit of fair competition.
265
11. Make sentences using the underlined expressions.
111. Complete the dialogue using the words provided.
266
)
IV. Complete the sentences/dialogues.
4.
5.
6.

1. From a parent's viewp'Oint, passing the entrance examinati'On and entering a
university is perhaps the m'Ost imp'Ortant thing f'Or 'One's child.
With'Out a d'Oubt makes sense. H'Owever, in my view, this
kind 'Of examinati'On system will 'Only train students in r'Ote mem'Orizati'On
skil1s; it is meaningless in regards t'O a child's devel'Opment.
2. Our educati'Onal system d'Oes n'Ot 'Over-emphasize mem'Orizati'On and neglect
the imp'Ortance 'Of analytical ability When preparing f'Or the c'Ollege
entrance examinati'On, we als'O 'Offer 'Opp'Ortunities f'Or students t'O devel'Op
their 'Own interests. 'Our system has m'Ore weaknesses.
3. In the past, his speech lacked uniqueness/characteristics, but n'Ow his
perf'Ormance is quite when he was living in the vil1age.
Apparently, 'Our training has given him a p'Ositive influence.
VI. Composition
In less'On, the that the c'Ollege entrance examinati'On
system spirit 'Ofimpartiality. F'Or example, any y 'O ung pers'On, n'O
267
matter whether s/he is bom in the city or in the village, can get into Peking
University if s/he passes the examination. Do you support this argument? Do
you think that a child in the receives the same
education as his counterpart in the city? If not,
fair? Or what could be done to remedy this problem?
268
shüdiàn n. bookstore
shoe store
zhõngxïn n. center
v. publish; come out
n. publishing house
n. museum
qítã other; else
n. modem drama; stage play
diànyTng n. mOVle
" quan adv. completely; entirely
duìyú prep. about; to
269
n. Liulichang
zìhuàr n. calligraphy and painting
.Zl n. (archaic) store; shop
n. street
V. keep; maintain; preserve (prevent
from changing)
yàng.zi n.
n. the way a thing or person used to
look
Qïng n. Qing Dynasty (1644-
1911)
n. end; last
Mín n. the Republic of China
(1 912 - present, the government
moved to Taiwan in 1949)
chü initial stage; early part
Qïngmò Mínchû the end years of the Qing Dynasty
and the beginning years ofthe
Republic of China
n. scholar; learned man
cáiliào n. data; material
270
jïngtõng V. be highly proficient in; possess
mastery of
wenxue n. literature
shümù n. catalogue of tit1es; bookIist
n. edition
Jtngyan n. expenence
you jïngyàn adj. experienced
n. library
n.
enterprise; undertaking; career
fãdá adj.
n. fiction; novel
yánsù adj. serious; so1emn
n. work; book; writing
gudian adj. classical
n. poems and songs poetry
jìsuànjï n. computer e1ectronic
jiàocái n. teaching material
jïngdian n. classics
v. come out; publish
271
yln v. print
n./v. the liberation ofChina in 1949,
liberate; emancipate
In v. prohibit;
heartening
yánlùn n. opinion on public a:ffairs; speech
fàngkuãn v.
v. receive (usua11y take a
object)
v.
positive
272
273
…(1) still have a certain understanding ofBeijing denizens' daily cultural
activitíes.
the same as L. 1, Note (4). Please
when the is a be used for showing
attitude towards the person. See L. 10, Note (3) .
The government pays much attention to the development of
1 just cannot agree with the opinion you raised.
may be ofBeijing.
"(something) may be called ..." or "You may call
it ....." You may
They can. be considered as the most experienced librarians.
It can be said that New York is the economic center of America.
This is an extremely gratifying phenomenon.

with monosyllabic verbs describing psychological states
to make
"lovable," " to be worth" when followed
by other verbs, worth
worth worth buying,"
worth reading."
The progress which China has made in this regard ought to be recognized.
274
"to receive" or "to suffer," and often takes an object
by a nomina1ized disyllabic verb, and
A modifier can come the nominalized verb.
See L. 11 , Note (4).
children to receive a good education.
They have received quite good training.
His point of view has received a lot of attention.
Young people easi1y succumb to peer pressure.
D.
11. Make a sentence using the underlined expression(s).
275
(A not A) (B not B)
111. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
IV. Complete the fo Ilowing dialogues with the expressions provided.
B: 0
276
2.
B:
3.
B:

1. The movie enterprise in Hong Kong is flourishing. In recent its
movies have received intemationa1 attention. However, people have
different opinions regarding the qua1ity of these movies. Some
they are ridiculous and too similar to American movies. Some
present modem Chinese and are
worth studying.
2. This city is the nation's publishing center. You can find a11 k.i nds ofbooks
and research materia1s ancient classics to forbidden
novels to serious academic works. If you cannot find the books you want,
experienced clerks in the b'O'Okst'Ores.
3. He is an expert in Chinese ca1ligraphy and paintings. He has
rest'Ored quite a few ancient paintings. It can be he is
very experienced field .
VI. Composition
Although many 'Old books used simplified characters even before the
literary ref'Orms of the 1950s, 'One of the problems time
system for simplified characters was not unified, one had to know not
standard traditiona1 characters, but also sets of simplified 'Or
altemate traditional variations. The literary reforms helped by the
writing system; however, some also make old books
inaccessible to people who only recognize simplified characters and
'O ld problem of illiteracy was not s'O much one of character difficulty as much
of education. In your 'Own Chinese studies, have you chosen to
study traditiona1 characters, simplified characters, or both? What are y'Our
reasons for y'Our choice?
277
xiãn.sheng n. husband
moql n. last phase; fi na1 phase
n. communication; relations ,
n. straít
n. rac cdHU e'-Tm mm
V.
hülüè V. neglect
idm. largely identical but with minor
differences
278
and
hâo wú not in the

in the (written) there is no
v. produce (for abstract nouns)
wùhuì misunderstand
v. -0. marry; get married
v. become; turn into

become different
279
adv. irnmediately; at once; right away
jìchéngchë n. taxi
n. air conditioner; air conditioning
n. computer
shuõ.fa n. wording; way of saying
... v
guoyu n. nationallanguage;
National Language of China
lì.zi n.
zhùyïn n. the national phonetic alphabet (in use

before the Chinese phonetic alphabet
was implemented)
sign; symbol; notation
Hàny ì:í pïnyïn n. the Chinese phonetic alphabet
phonetic transcription
280
v. retain; continue to have; keep
xíngshì n. fonn
jiëchù v. come into contact with
bàozhì' n. newspaper
v. believe
n.lv. association, associate with
281
husband and wife" ,
282
In the midst of "great they only have "small differences".
the See Lesson 28 , Note (5).
Of a11 the movies 1 have watched, this is the most serious.
Among all the old in

most unìque.
Mainlanders have absolutely no problem understanding "xiansheng" and

"taitai." These words do not misunderstanding.
the least, at a11," is used together indicate strong
"not the least bit," "without the slightest," or
"not at all," is only used adverbially to modify a polysyllabic
"have not the least" or "there is not a bit of' when used as a
verb. Its object is a disyllabic word or phrase.
1 have no experience whatsoever with this kind of thing.
He quite rudely told us to get out.
As far as equa1ity between the sexes is concemed, the word "airen" is

very good.
283
When used with a noun or nominal occurs at
the beginning of a sentence to indicate the basis of a judgment.
Judging from these bibliographies, the publishing industry here is very

developed.
Beijing's cultural activities, Beijing residents are vey

much interested in Westem art.
In these two aspects, Taiwan has retained its pre-1949 formalities.

"in of. ..."
In regard to language, there is no big difference between the two coasts

ofthe Taiwan Strait, but there is a big difference in their political
systems.
After living in Beijing for two weeks, 1 have already gotten

accustomed to every aspect (of Beijing life).
1 believe that these differences will gradually decrease along with the
increased interaction between the two coasts.
In Lesson 28 , Note used before the subject as an
adverbial phrase. In this the subject and is used in
conjunction What the main verb denoting the
change in tandem with what
Language develops with the development of society.
Putonghua is penetrating every region of China rapidly along with the

development of radio broadcast and television.
284
11. Rewrite each sentence with the words in parentheses.
111. Identify and correct the error in each sentence.
285
IV. Insert the word in the parentheses into the correct position in each
sentence.
v. Complete the dialogue using the expression(s) provided.

1.
B: 0
B: 0
3.
B: 0
B:
286
5.
B: 0
6.
B: 0

1. Although the language differences two
sides of the strait lie on1y in differences of tenninology , 1 don't
think we should overlook the a:fter so many years of separation such
differences in language are produced main1y by differences in life styles and
social systems.
2. From the perspective of academic research, there is simply not enough
usable material in our library. As scholars' needs increase, we have to raise
the standard in tenns of booklists and research material. In addition, we
need to increase our interaction libraries.
3. From the time he started to come into contact with Chinese calligraphy and
paintings, he gradually a young man with no interest in
ancient culture to a business owner (boss) in the antique market.
VII. Composition
In his opening paragraph, the author states his belief that the
language between Taiwan main1and are exaggerated, and that what
small differences do exist can be easily reconciled. Do you believe that
linguistic differences comprise the bulk of the conflict between them?
287
líllhün V.-o. divorce
JI8 n. the first of the ten Heavenly
Stems; used as a pronoun here
''the frrst person"
n./v. report, broadcast
v. descend; drop
yl n. the second of ten Heavenly
Stems; the second person
rénshù n. the number of people
díquè indeed; really
A, con;. A is not so much...as B

bùrú
fùnu n. women (as a collective noun)

v. dependon
288
shïqù v. lose
n./v. safety net, guarantee; safeguard
jíshl even if
n. romantic love
hunyïn n. mamage
wéichí v. sustain; keep; maintain
qï.zi n. wife
shõurù n. mcome
fuqï n. married couple
v.
adv. moreover
public; open (places, information,
etc.)
fãsheng v. occur; take place happen; take
place ( The object most
likely something undesirable. )
hünwài guãn.xi n. extra-marita1 affair
289
grow in nurnber or quantity; pile
v. up; mcrease
adv. exactly; precisely
i n. law
dãnqïn jiãtíng n. single-parent family
shãnghài v. injure; hann (in an abstract sense)
n. married couple; (lit.) husband and
wife
adv. reluctantly; grudgingly
290
291
1 prefer to call this the elevation ofwomen's status, rather than call
decline of moral values.
what is introduced more with the

which
Instead of saying that he is a smart student, it is Îs

a hard-working student.
Instead of a divorce could solve problems, it is say

reduce the harm done.
is
at the beginning ofthe first clause to indicate one's rejection or
abandonment of pros and
often used in the second clause to indicate one's preference.
1 think that instead of emphasizing memorization, we should do more

ana1ytical exercises.
1 want to rely on my own abilities in looking for a job. 1 would rather

stay home than use the back door or rely on connections.
Even without love, they still have to maintain their marriage.

meaning "even if' or "even though," indicates a supposition or
concession and is often used in coniunction It may occur
after the subject.
292
What you said doesn't make much sense. Even if it is partly correct, it
is hard to accomplish.
you can read traditional characters, ifyou don't have

training in classical Chinese, you still won't be able to understand the
classics.
often used after a verb as a directional complement, as

down" down." It can also indicate the
continuation of an action. Note that sense, the verb is never
followed by an object, but it is possible to have an object
verb.
Then it is decided. There is no need for further discussion.
This topic is quite meaningful. It is worth discussion.
1 really we can continue to maintain a positive relationship

between the two countries.
..
and more equal.
"what's more" or "moreover," is used to connect a
second clause which introduces an additional reason. It may come in a
sentence. See L. 18, N ote (1) for a different usage of this phrase.
There was no longer any love between them. Moreover, their children
were older. There Was no need to put up with it any longer,
divorced.
293
1 like living in a big city, because there are more job
what' s more, there are a1 so more cultura1 activities.
It is the increase in the number of divorced people which demonstrates

Chinese women have greater marita1 freedom.
In this used as an adverb meaning and nothing
else."
What you are saying is exact1y what 1 wanted to discuss.
In my opinion, the relaxation of restrictions of speech is a

major cause of socia1 improvement.
It is the eruption of conflict which shows how hard the two countries
are working on mutual
When (a couple is) getting a divorce, the harm that the children suffer is
often more serious than that which the couple does.
The function similar ''which,'' or ''what'' in a relative
clause in English. When one wants to say "the book which 1 read,"
opinion which they
:from classica1 Chinese and
adds a literary tone to the sentence.
which 1 bought were a11 made in China.
1 am very interested in the proposed.
There are some couples who , if it were not for their children, would have
divorced a long time ago.
294
used frrst c1ause to indicate a supposition; what is
mentioned in the second clause is the result or outcome which would have
been bound to happen, but actu a11y did not.
If you hadn't told me this, 1 wouldn't have known at a11!

2.
Ifhe hadn't used the back door, how would he have found such a good
job?
"long ago." It can negative often

used for be omitted without changing the meaning.
From the told it would hurt both of you as a couple if

you lived together reluctantly.
Early on 1 stopped wanting to maintain this marriage.
She got married early on. Didn't you know that?
a sentence using the underlined expression.
295
11. F iIl in each blank with only one character.
111. Complete the the expressions provided.

1.
smart)
B: 0
2.
B: 0
3.
4.
B: 0
B: "
6.
B: 0
7. A: 0
296
8.
B: 0

1. If you have marriage problems, you will surely lose your safety net (i. e. life
guarantee) immediately. Thereforé, it is better for you to find a job now
rather than have total economic dependence on your husband.
2. The standard of living is on the rise. If the situation remains like this, it is
income won't be enough to live on.
your company has said would raise your income a little, 1
won't be much.
3. Marriage itself is a learning process. Couples learn how to respect and
understand each other. However, couples may feel hurt due conflicts
and fights in their
V. Composition
Many people see a rise in the accessibility of legal divorce as a move
toward gender equality. Do that a rise in divorce rates alone
expresses greater freedom in marriage, or are there other factors involved? In
particular, can you think of any changes in mora1s or interpersona1 skills which
might affect divorce rates as much or more than lega1 gender equa1ity?
297
V.-o. gain weight
V.-o. go on a diet to lose weight
V.-o. meet (somebody)
pang become fat; fat

jìnlái adv. recent1y
fú.qi n.
gong.wel V. compliment
kètàohuà n. polite expressions; civi1ities; social
decorurn
pàng.zi n. plump person
n. kid; child
SUI n. (age ...years old
gongJln n. kilogram
298
-i
aVJhu
WH'm
nMM
n. nutrítion
m a1-; bad (The opposite form
n./adj. obesity; obese

Jumm n. resident
n./adj. worries; vexation, be vexed; be
worried
up all kinds of methods
method
q.gong n. qigong, a system of deep breathing
exerClses
qìgëng V. -0. practice qigong
V. -0. c1imb mountains
conj. on the instead
shòu v./adj. thin
299
v. cherish; treasure
n. "single-bom-son-daughter"; only
child
children; sons and daughters
n. cause; reason
carry on the back;
fù V.-o. be responsible for; be accountable
hànbaobão n. hamburger
zhá shutiáo n.
n. chocolate
n. candy; sugar
n. lce cream
n. CocaCola
aGlf. satI ating; greasy
shíwù n. food
v. love to
n. businessman; merchant
300
YIJI conj. and (used in writing)
jichu n. foundation
301
,
302
You gained a litt1e weight.
an implied comparison meaning "a little bit adj.
or to the should be.)"
It has on1y been two months since I've seen him, and he has grown
taller yet again.
test was a bit long.
decor in this house is a little gaudy.
There are kids everywhere who weigh 50 or 60 kilograms and are not
even 10 old.
The question form for asking about degree is described in L. 4 , Note (2).
To measure a particular length, weigh etc. ,
when making an inquiry, No. + measure word when
making a reply. Sometimes the adjective reply is dropped.
How heavy are you? sixty kilograms.
How tall is he? He is 170 cm. t a1l.
is New York to Washington, D. C.? It is more than

230 miles.
Nowadays , when Chinese people meet, not only not greet each
other saying "You've gained some weight," but, on the say,
"You've recently become thinner and you look much he a1thier!"
303
that a situation has brought about a result opposite to
expectations or a normal situation; the unre a1ized result is
introduced
He came to see me yesterday. He not only solve my problem, on

the contrary, he brought some new troubles.
1 exercise everyday, but not only have 1 not lost weight, on the
I' ve gained some weight.
China's overweight children are growing in numbers, probably because

care for their only children.
"because. …" It can be
used either first or second c1ause of a sentence. When used
second c1ause , it is a1ways preceded When making a statement,
when answering a why question, use
He eats very little because he is on a diet.
His hea1th is getting poorer because he doesn't exercise.
isn't and greasy?

A question using a question word can be rhetorical sentence. When the
verb is negative, the meaning is positive, and vice versa.
Who has time to do such useless things?
Which society has no socia1 problems?
304
When did 1 tell him this?
How could he not know? You don't need to go tel1 him.
Human relationships and the way people look are

those in the past.
connect coordinate subjects
or objects, but not clauses. It is mostly used in written language; when
spoken, a pause may precede it.
You can see weight-loss advertisements in newspapers , in magazines,

andon TV.
1 have already visited the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, and the
Summer Palace.
305
3
. )
.adj.)
the appropriate position in each sentence.

1.
B:
306
2.
B: (... .)
3. A:
____0 .)
4.A:
B: .
5.
B: . )
6.A:
B:
1. He wakes up before 5 o' c1ock every day to exercise in order to
lose weight. In addition, he has changed his dietary habits, and does not eat
sweet and greasy foods. As a result, he has lost 10 kilograms in less than
one month. He is about 175 cm. ta11 and weights 65 kilograms.
Obesity is no longer something he is worried about.
2. Tell me: which one of the "wholesome foods" in these weight-loss
commercíals helps you become a11 kinds of
methods to earn your money! Their food is ineffective; on the it is
to your body.
3. He and 1 did not see each other for a period of time because we were
preparing for the college entrance examination. When we met again, 1
discovered that the relationship between us , as well as our viewpoints about
many things, was Communication problems
occurred between us.
VI. Composition
You are the spokesman for the PRC branch of an American company
dealing in Recently, the loca1 government has come to you with a
complaint products are endangering the physica1 he a1th of the
Chinese people, and asks you to cut back on Defend your
right to advertise.
307
adequately fed and clothed
eating)
adj. (said of a family or society)
comparatively well-off
full eating)
nuan adj. warm
...y'íshàng above (a given point or line)
fùyù adj. rich; we a1thy; prosperous
mmgxlan adj. evident; obvious
n. conswnption
n./v. expenses, spend;cost
308
n. expenses;costs;fees
bù .fen n. a portíon; a
n. taste; flavor
V. consume; expend; exhaust
n. amount
shücài n. vegetable
yìbãn general; common
sìdàjiànr n. the four big things

so-called
n. mac Mne
n.
n.
se
od OAn
oe
cunuwqu-uuu
yongyou V.
--lena
nyongpln n.
309
v. achieve (a goal)
b.yqz
·m"mvuva
ng
gXAU0 -RHHnH
nuw
remgerator
n.
n. stereo
v. replace
adv. already v.-ed long ago
n. housing
j'ínzhãng of a financial tight;
tense; high demand
CC
VEMHM
v. adopt (something abstract)

n. (political, financial , etc.) measure;
step
n. commercialized housing
shàngllshì v.-o. (said of seasonal goods or new
products) go on the market
malmal v./n. buy and sell, trade
quèshí adv. really; indeed
310
v. s'Olve
v. succeed in 'O btaining
,
you prep.
guòdù v .ln.
guòll.shang v.-C. be able t 'O have (a high standard 'Of
living)
311
312
(1)
"Comparatively well-off' is a standard of living beyond being
"adequately fed and clothed."
"over," "above (a level)," or (a certain
number)." When predicate, the often
before it.
According to the law, on1y people who are over 21 can buy liquor.
student must have studied the Chinese language for over two
years to be able to examination.
1 have to get a grade better than a B to this scholarship.
There are more than 200 people in this cram schoo l.
The so-ca1led "four big bicyc1e, sewing machine, watch

andradio.
meaning "what is ca11ed," is used to introduced a term which is
then explained in the fo l1owing phrase or "so-ca11ed"
when it is used to quote someone else and usu a1 ly implies disagreement.
So-ca1led "simplified characters" are the Chinese characters simplified

and promoted by the Chinese government in the 50's.
What we ca11"airen" can be "husband," and it can also be "wife."

?
Divorces increasing, single-parent fam i1ies multiplying; is this your 80-
ca11ed "progre8S?"
313
What we actually is not "becoming more and more
fortunate ," but is rather "becoming and
Entering the 90's has beginning of the from

"adequately fed and clothed" to "comparatively
this context is equivalent and indicated a starting point in
time or space point of a change. It usually takes a noun or
adjective as its object. See another usage L. 25 , Note (4).
People's lives go through tremendous changes when an agricu1tura1

society becomes an industrial society.
It was a phenomenon to go from mutual conflict to mutual

respect.
Nowadays many city able to live a rich life.

used as a directiona1 complement, it means ''up'' or
Here it indicates the attainment of an
He was admitted to a university by passing the entrance examination

last summer.
Surprisingly, he is able to live in such a big house.
1 am so terribly busy that 1 haven't eaten yet.
314
1. Answer the following questions with the expressions provided.
1.
2.
111. Answer the fo Ilowing questions using
315
1. In the ten it can be said that Chinese people's lives have
gradually a state of well-off' to a state of
"richness." Y ou can the change in people's leisure
people's expectations about getting higher and higher. For example,
in the past people seldom traveled far, but now traveling abroad is no longer
a rare thing.
2. Generally speaking, do not provide housing anymore. Very
often, commercialized housing is very expensive. Many married
not sure at all when they will be able to own their own housing. 1
think the government should adopt an effective procedure to solve the high-
demand housing situation.
3. In the past, if one wanted to enjoy a good life (achieve a good standard of
living), he had to own the so-called big things." Now these four big
things have become history. People want to possess luxurious items
computers, stereos, and even cars.
V. Composition
While living standards are higher than before, some social problems have
become worse. It is when a society commercialized, it is
possible that the people's moral values are worse than before, and society is
not as safe Do you want to live in a society where the materiallife is
only okay but society is safe, or do you want to live in a rich but unsafe
316
n. the elderly; senior citizens
liúxíng v. be prevalent; be popular
n. children a genera1 term for
young children. For someone's
child or children,
tiãntãng n. heaven; paradise

n. battlefield; battleground
n. graveyard; cemetery
dàzhì adv. roughly; more or less
niãnlíng n. age
zhùzhòng v. lay stress on; pay attention to
v.-o. enter a higher level of school
huò conJ. or
317 .
yãlì n. pressure
zhìyú prep. as
adj. fierce
bìxü v. must
In v. exert; exhaust
v. selection or
competition; render obsolete; die
out; fa11 into disuse
v. oppose; be opposed to; object to

n. nursing home
v./adv. not necessarily; not likely
n adv. ofone's own will
318
manyl adj. satisfied; pleased
dúlì independence, independent

zunyan n. dignity; honor
jiãzhòng V. make or become heavier; increase
the weight of
fùdãn n. burden; load
sãndài idiom three generations living under the
tóngtãng same roof (p art of the "big
system in old China)
wanman n. one' s later years
xiàoshùn V. show filial piety
319
v./adj. crowd; pack; crowded
dãnyuán n. unìt
n. c1ash (between two parties);
n. industrialization
adj. fast; high-speed
yl...wel... regard A as B
320
321
Children do not have much stress; as for the middle-aged, they must exert
their greatest efforts at work.
meaning "as for," is used in the beginning of a second sentence
or paragraph to introduce another topic comments or views.
1 have to put forth my best to do this work well. As for other

can wait.
His diet was successful. He lost 10 kilograms in two months. As for

what method he used, that 1 do not know.
This is not necessarily so.

"not necessarily" or "not likely," indicates the
speaker's subjective estimation expressed in a rather mild tone. 1t can be
used as a predicate or an adverb a verb or adjective.
Will children single-parent families de:finitely go astray? 1 don't

think it is necessarily so.
Don't be nervous. His doing so was not necessarily a bad thing.
322
Even though 1 am older than you, my health is not necessarily poorer
than yours.
Small families centered on husband and wife will gradually replace big
families generations under one roof.
A as B" or
take substantives as their objects. Such phrases mostly :function as
predicates or modifiers.
The modernization of China is based on economic
Putonghua uses Beijing dialect as its foundation.
family is the basic of Chinese
323
11. Make a sentence with each underlined expression.
111. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence..

1.
B: 0
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
B: 0
324
5.
B:
1. From the individual' s perspective, a big household of three generations is
not necessarily the ideal fonn of the modem Owing to different
living habits, the possibility of is greater in a
small centered on a husband and wife.
2. Letting aged in a retirement home can cause problems, too. The
expense of living in a retirement home is and thus it saddles children
with a financial burden. In addition, most of the times the elderly are not
satisfied with the care retirement homes provide.
3. 1 (myselt) am willing to work in a small city because 1 don't want to have a
life of fierce competition and great work In tenns of salary, as long
can have enough to eat and keep myself warm, making a little less
doesn't matter.
VI. Composition
It is common being left in a retirement home far
and family often adverse psychological impact on the elderly.
However, living members has its own problems,
too. In many instances, the elderly often require special and convenient
facilities which may be impractical or Write
about your ideal plan for as a senior. Or imagine that you are a social
planner: how would you solve the conflict mentioned above?
325
v./n. construct, construction
v./n. invest,
shùliàng n. number; quantity
n. railroad
n. Beijing-Kowloon (Railway) Line
Qïngzàng n. Qinghai-Tibet (Railway) Line
Qinghai Province
Tibet
wanchéng n.1v. completion, complete
nanfãng n. the south
n. Jiulong (Kowloon)
lianjie v. connect
n. passenger transportatíon
huòyùn n.
v./n. ìmprove, ìmprovement
n. Tibet
326
n J/V eePAh
bãngzhù
dmAn
leo
bãngzhù
v. acce C a e
·E-A
TA &EE-
v.
jùlí n. distance; disparity
hángkõng n. aviatíon
XIn... newly...
vzu
zanu-v2u
nH-Hu
nv{AU n remote; faraway
n. area; district
in;
v. arnve
n. Shanghai
v.
n. Boeing
kèhù n. client; customer
...zhïyï one of...
327
tudì n. land
n. (the product ofthe
times the width)
the east, the south, the west, and
north; every direction
liánxì v. integrate; link
cheng xiãng n. town and country; city and
countryside
chãjù n. gap; disparity
SUOXIaO v. reduce; lessen
jiãqiáng v. strengthen;enhance
C0 11J. on top of that; in addition
líkãi v. leave
328
The Beijing-Kowloon Rai1way connects the capital southem
[city of] Kowloon.
329
a resultative compliment used after a verb to indicate
that two or more things have been linked, combined, or integrated. See
L. 2 , Note (7) for a different usage
is very large. On1y modem can connect all
Intellectuals must integrate with workers and
The Qinghai-Tibet Rail Line is very to Tibet in terms of cultural

and economic development.
three words all mean "help," but have slightly
a verb and cannot be used as a noun. The
Teacher Zhang helped me fmd ajob.

a v. -0. compound, which means you or
particles
help the foreign student,"
help." The is verb." When the recipient of the help
occurs in the sentence, either use in a relatively simple
sentence, or just use + verb +..." in a more complicated sentence.
My roommate never helped clean the room.l My roommate never

helped me.l My roommate never helped me clean the room.
a verb, which means you cannot insert any
other words is either or "A
be used as a noun ,
youcan etc.
Exercise is beneficial to one's
330
D 'Oes this railr'Oad facilitate carg'O the N 'Orth
S 'Outh?
Y'Our helping him d'O his exercises is n 'Ot helping his Chinese 'One bit.
This b 'O'Ok helped me find my 'O wn interest.
It enables pe'Ople in rem'Ote in the big cities

and Shanghai day.
When used w'Ord 'O r phrase den'Oting time 'Or
a prep'Ositi'On- 'Object c'Onstructi'On. It is placed at the
beginning 'Of a sentence 'Or bef'Ore the verb 'Ofthe sentence as an adverb. It
means "within" 'Or
Y'O u must finish the test within tw'O h 'O urs.
This investment was n 'Ot inc1uded in the 'Origina1 plan. We sh'Ould

think hard
China is 'One 'O fB 'Oeing's biggest c1ients.

"A is 'One 'OfB."
Devel 'Oping transp'O rtati 'O n is 'O ne 'Ofthe m 'O st imp'Ortant projects
pr'Ocess 'Of m 'Odernizati'On.
Beijing is 'One 'Ofthe m 'O st ancient cities in China.
We must have m 'Odem transportation in 'Order t 'O c 'Onnect n'Orth, s'O uth, east
and west.
meaning "must" 'Or "have t 'O," is 'Often used as a predicate.
331
Y ou must have love in order to maintain a happy marriage.
1 have to :finish this exercise today.
have high speed modem a10ng

television, and radio country side...
meaning "besides" or "on top is used between two

clauses to indicate two causes follows third clause.
Thus , C" is equiva1ent to "Causes A and B
to result be preceded and followed by clauses, not
nouns.
He studies too hard; in weather was terribly hot. He soon

became sick.
The two of them cannot get a1ong. Besides, their room is small,
so there is often friction between them.
Thus, 1 won't have to worry about not understanding local dia1ects.

"thus" or "in so doing," is used at the beginning of a
sentence as a conlunction.
You c a11 him :first to tell him I' m going. This way he won't be away
home when 1 get there.
There might be a lot ofpeople who want to watch this movie. 1' 11 go
to buy the tickets :first. That way they won't be sold out.
332
1. Answer the following questions with the expressions when provided.
111. Rearrange the phrases in the parentheses to finish each sentence.
333
1.
B: 0
B:
3. A:
B: .
4. A:
B:

1. The lack of natural resources, along with the inconvenience of transportation,
has created many difficulties in the development remote If
we want to raise people's living standards, the government absolutely must
increase the amount of their investment in the region.
2. The markets in big cities and Shanghai are very stable now.
Perhaps we should go deep into the west and the south to develop these
areas. It will help us connect the cargo transportation to our
everywhere [in all directions] five years.
3. One ofthe problems air service our
We have not made significant improvements in our cargo and
passenger transportation along the way . [Therefore,] we
recently bought new airplanes, and will change people's
impression of us.
VI. Composition
Development of transportation is an important first
in promoting long-term economic growth. However, there are
factors involved. For example, the United States transportation network
reaches the most remote regions of the but some locations have been
traditiona11y less-developed than others (e.g. some parts of the Midwest and
Southeast). Many of these phenomena can be ascribed to historical and
educational factors. Do you the PRC will be able to avoid such
problems? If you were a policy maker, what steps would you take to avoid
economic inequality while preserving necessary regional diversity?
334
shõujï n. cellular phone
yóujiàn n. e-mail.
mang adj./v. busy , be fully occupied
máng.zhe v. be busywith
tóngqíng v./n. sympathize, sympathy
335
n./v. communication, communicate by
letier
biànlì convenience, convenient

negative form
diànyTngyuàn n. movie theater

zhàollxiàng v. -0. take a take photographs
v. -0. get on or log on to the Intemet

the Intemet
'au
n-a
nhgn
HUVJ
no wonder
nud
v. welcome; be received favorably
336
V. send; send out; give out
n. text message
V.-o. type; typewrite
huà SUffl X -ize; -ization
dìqiú n. the earth

dìqiúcün n. the globa1 village
337
338
No matter where or when, there are people holding their cell phones, busy
t a1king to others.
"be busy doing something." It usually takes a verb as its
object. There is no negative form
Every June, all the high school students are busy for
the college entrance examination.
He is busy cooking. Why don't you call1ater?
A good cell phone not only can be used to make phone calls, it also can be
used to take photos and get on to the Intemet. No wonder cell phones are
so well received.
that since the speaker has learned the cause
he is not surprised at what has happened. The clause or sentence denoting
the cause may occur either at the head or at the end of the entire sentence.
He made calls by cell phone even when he was with his in

It is hard to blame his for being mad.
He often eats to his health such as hamburgers,

etc. No wonder he has an obesity problem.
No wonder 1 can't find anybody here; they're all away for class.
Chinese people don't type Chinese characters any

people type English.
339
When making a comparison, adj. adj.
are the used most adf. is only used
when the speaker wants to negate what was just heard or to add emphasis.
The Chinese food here is no worse than (the Chinese food) in Beijing.
Chinese food here is just as Beijing.
Although he is 60 years old, he runs no slower than a young person.

=He can runjust as fast as a young person.
Our is small alright, but our traffic is no more

backward of the big cities.
is just as big cities.
Not o n1y have Chinese characters undergone computerization, computers

have also undergone "Chinese
suffix after an adjective or noun, it expresses
modification into .a property or .a state;
The be used as an intransitive

verb, noun, or modifier. The adjective often used as a transitive
verb which takes object directly after it.
The standardization of characters is a work of great significance.
Beijing and considerably intemational cities.
The govemment has been simplification of Chinese

characters since the 50's.
340
7.
8.
11. Complete the following sentences.
2.
'

1.
B: 0
341
,
B: 0
3.
B: 0
5.
B: 0
6.
B: 0

1. were dating until a c.ouple .of
m .onths ag.o. already had a certain understanding ab.out each
they were n .ot w.orried that a l.ong-distance r.omance w .ould bring them
any tr.ouble. They send sh.ort messages and write e-mails t.o each
d.on' t. meet very .often, their
quite successfully.
2. It is quite dangerous t .o use a cellular ph.one in the car t .o chat with
It is quite p.ossible that either y.ou will hit s.ome.one .or s.ome.one will
hit y.ou if y.ou d.on 't pay attenti.on while
3. Sending text messages is n .o m .ore tr.oubles.ome than making a ph.one ca11;
especially if y.ou d.on't like t.o waste time chatting with pe.ople, sending text
messages can be said t.o be a c.onvenient meth.od .of c.ommunicati.on. N.o
w.onder n .owadays y.oung pe.ople l.ove sending text messages.
V. Composition
One .o f the drawbacks .o f the communicati.on age is the l.oss .of pers.on a1
freed .om as a result .o f ever increasing m.odes .of c.ontact. F.or example, thirty
ag.o, if a pers.on wanted t .o get w .ork, s/he simply .office.
H.owever, advent .of cellular ph.ones , pagers, and .other means .of
c.ommunicati.on , it is bec.oming harder and harder t.o maintain a clear dividing
line between w .ork and pers.onal time. H.ow d.o y.ou de a1 pr.oblem
pers.onally?
342
"
bùgàolán n. bulletin hoard

tië v. paste; stick; glue
tuõfú n. TOEFL; Test ofEng1ish as a
Foreign Language
buxíbãn n. cram school
v. prepare
Jíshíwàn n. hundreds of thousands
n. undergraduate student
yánjiüshëng n. graduate student
shënqì'ng v. apply for
n. graduate school
yuan
cãnjiã v. participate; attend (an event)
jìxù v. continue
youxlu outstanding; excellent
réncái n. person of ability; talented person
343
búlì disadvantageous; harmful
positive form
zhuzhãng v. advocate; maintain
v. limit
chullguó v.-o. go abroad
liú v. stay; remain; keep
miànlín v. be faced with; be with
v. outflow; drain
n. Singapore
jiãxiãng n. hometown
zànshí adv. temporary;
being
liúshï v. run off; to be washed away

yongyuan adv. forever by negation
means "never")
Hewill
never come back.
He will not
stay away forever.
344
i!g
vHHMM
V. attract
'O
HM
V.-O. return to one'g
345
several hundreds of thousands of col1ege and graduate
this examination in order to apply to co l1eges and
graduate schools.
the target, purpose, or cause of an action (See L. 16,
Note the action taken.
He went to a cram school in order to test on the TOEFL.
In order to c10se the gap between town and country, the Chinese
government is working hard to transportation
This is disadvantageous to the development of China
346
A is disadvantageous to B. The opposite
To form a question, you can say
or Do not use or "A
It is to your health to eat too much.
Falling behind on transportation is disadvantageous to economic

development.
It is advantageous development of education to promote

Putonghua.
1. Answer the following questions using the provided.
347
11. Explain the following phrases beginning each one with
111. Rearrange the phrases into a grammatically correct sentence.
IV. For each section, choose one character to fill in each blank.
348
B: 0
2.
B: 0 . )
3.
0 .

1. The so-ca11ed "iron rice bowl" means a stable job in the government or
schools. A person who has an "iron rice bowl" need never worry about
losing hislher job because of bad performance, but there is little chance of
promotion career development). This system is
disadvantageous to talented people. one of your sentences.)
2. If your company continues to restrict talented going abroad to
study, you wil1 be faced with the "brain drain" problem. You will not be
able to attract people to work for
3. Attached on the bu11etin board are the application requirements (standards)
of the graduate school. The set are to my advantage. 1
don't think 1 need to go to the cram school. 1 can for the graduate
school bymyself.
VII. Composition
In the fina1 paragraph, the author implies that the resolution of China' s
"brain drain" will come with politica1 and economic change over time. How
long do you think it will take before there is a noticeable shift direction
of movement for students who have earned degrees studying abroad? In order
to help your ana1ysis ,' consider the factors that pu11 t a1ent China
versus the factors that draw talent back to China. For example, do you think
there are better opportunities for a person working in America whose native
language is not English or would that person be better off working with a
foreign company in hislher own country?
349
v.:-o. be laid off; be fired
step a post
n. staff and workers

tíqián v./adv. an earlier time, ahead of
schedule; beforehand
tuìxiü v. retire
jïngji n. market economy
n./v. challenge
n. (work) unit
zà i.. .shën.shang on one; with one; on one' s body
n. msurance
350
n./v. plan; project, plan
jÌhuà jïngjì n. t9l anned economy
zhuanxiàng v. turn to
v. lay off; fire
u-orevau
nuunuqr'HHHI
pref too; exceeding
n. personnel; staff member
v. alleviate
n. (colloquial) work
nBZ
nHHU
v. (colloquial) do
-anVJ
professiona1, one's major
35-1
zì gu yì'lái since ancient times
kàn.bu qì' V.-c. look down upon; despise
n. physica1 strength
fënchéng V.-c. divide into
l n. brains; mental capabi1ity
nongm Jn n. farmer
tì'. miàn adj. attracting respect on account of a
wea1thy or proper appearance
dãng V. be; work as; serve as
idm. gain without effort

shameful
352
umhvd n. clisis; point
reasonable
n. courage; bravery
miànduì V. face; confront (actively)
(lt differs
means being confronted with
something passively. See L. 38)
353
354
decades, Chinese people have always placed the
responsibi1ity for obtaining employment on the government or the work
unit.
the place at which a person or thing has arrived due to
an action, When the phrase
an animate be used instead of
They have only one concentrate all their

attention on him.
Our hope rests on [the shoulders o f] young people.
Whether or not you can find a job is your business. You should not
place this responsibility on your school.
noun +
noun." For inanimate nouns, you can
the economic structure." For an
animate noun, you always add the animate noun.
He climbed off grandpa.
1 learned (saw) some specific Chinese Mr. Zhang.
...In other words , there are people who cannot find ajob and there are
jobs that people.
355
"in 'Other w'Ords." Similar
an'Other way 'Of saying
a different angle."
China has already bec'Ome a market ec'On'Omy. In 'Other w 'Ords,

c'Ompetiti'On in every field has increased.
m 'Ore and m 'Ore students wh'O return t 'O China after studying
abr'Oad. In 'Other w 'Ords, they are m 'Ore willing t 'O serve their h 'Omeland.
On the 'Other hand, it als'O sh'Ows the ancient Chinese traditi'On 'Of l'O'Oking
d'O wn up'On physicallab'Or.
"t'O belittle" 'Or "t'O l'O'Ok d'Own
"n'Ot t'O l'O'Ok d'Own up 'On" instead respect."
W 'Ork hard. D'On't let pe'O ple l'O'Ok d 'Own ['O n y'Ou].
The 'Old s'O ciety l'O'Oked d 'O wn 'On w'Omen wh'O were div'Orced.
The reas'On that he spent m 'Oney t'O buy an expensive car was S'O that
pe'Ople w 'Ouldn't l'O'Ok d'O wn 'On him.
C'O mpare this grammar with L. 10, N 'Ote
means "cann'Ot t'O buy a painting f'Or 'One th'O usand d 'Ollars."
this sense means "can/cann'Ot aff'Ord t 'O v." Theref'Ore, in additi'On
'Of"t'O means " unable t'O aff'Ord t 'O
see.. in additi'On t'O the meaning 'Of"n'Ot t'O 1'O'Ok d 'O wn," als 'O
means "able t'O afford t'O see..."
He was S'O he c'Ould n'Ot aff'Ord t 'O see a d 'Oct'Or.
. 356
That doctor only knew how to make money, and refused to see poor
people. Therefore, people looked down upon him.
If we want to solve the problem of re-employing these unemployed

workers
a prefix which precedes a verb or a noun to form a new word
which means "re-,"
"reeducation," this usage
one in L. 2, Note (15).
5.
357
111. Make a sentence with the underlined
B: _____ 0
2.
3.
B: 0

1. Chinese people divide jobs into two categories, "using the brain" and "using
physical strength," which is similar to Americans' "white
báillng , white-collar) and "blue blue-collar). In other
words, one refers to in the office, and the other refers to laboring in
the factory.
2. Chinese put a11 their hope in their children. They want their children
to get the best education and they arrange everything in their children's lives.
358
However, because they love their chi1dren too much
their children lose the abi1ity and courage to confront challenges.
3. In the old economic system, could not learn anything new,
many people did not advance after working in the same for many years.
This is disadvantageous to the progress of the society. Therefore, 1 think
that the phenomenon of Xiagang is not necessarily a bad thing. People will
realize that only continuous learning can prevent one from being eliminated
the market.
V1. Composition
When a worker in your country loses his job and has no income,
government do to help him? If the same thing happens to a worker in
China, does the socia1ist government do anything him? If you were to
be laid which country would you like to stay? Why? Explain your
the angles of the job market, government involvement, the
likelihood of help from fami1ies, living standards, and so on.
359
1644-
gu jïn idm. ancient and

and in all places
n.
guódü n. the national capital
v. preserve; keep (prevent from
deteriorating)
adj. intact; whole

Tiãntãn n. the Temple ofHeaven
clwài besides; moreover
o n. temple (The measure word
n. dynasty
v.ln. design
n.
v. extend; stretch
360
adj. order1y; neat
. .
dàdõu adv. mostly
n. direction
sense of ...
n. sense of direction
zuo left
you adj. right
Jlngque preclse
mótiãn n. skyscraper
v./n. change an intransitive
verb , be used
transitive and an
intransitive verb.)
n. a traditiona1 Chinese-style
compound with rooms around a
courtyard
361
hútòngr n. traditiona1 alleys in Beijing
kuãnkuò adj wide; spacious
huánchéng gõnglù n. the roads circling the city; ring
road; loop road
v. hold (an exhibition, contest, etc.)
Olympics; Olympic
yùndònghuì n. a sporting match; games
Aoyùnhuì n. abbreviation
n. stàdium
Guójiã n. National Stadium
n. Bird's Nest
youyong v. sWlm
n. National Aquatics Center
n. the Water Cube

Juyuan n theater
Guójiã n. National Centre for the
Performing Arts
yi shí zhù xíng idm. 44clothing, food , shelter and
transportation" - the four basic
necessities of life
362
jiàochë n. sedan
sãnlúnchë n.
Jië n. Chang'an Street, a major street in
Beijing
n. KFC
the state of Kentucky is
zhájï n. fried chicken

zhuàng AN measure word for buildings
v. enjoy; appreciate
dì.dao b-...._........._ , real

authentic;, genuine;
Jingjù n. Beijing Opera

xiàng.sheng n. traditional Chinese comic dialogue
diànsh Ìj ù n. TV drama; soap opera
n./v.-o. dubbing, dub
biè.niu awkward
in harmony; harmoniously, well-
coordinated
363
v. add; increase
n. :fun; interest
huólì n. vlgor; energy
( 1644-1911
364
Besides, there are many the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
"besides literally means
It may be followed by a pause in spoken language.
China's economic development has drawn many talented people back

to the country. Moreover, po1iticalliberalness is also one ofthe
reasons that students who have studied abroad are willing to come
back to serve their
365
In modem society, women are relatively independent when it comes to
economics. In addition, their association with men has become more
and more open and free.
This is, of course, much more precise than using

and "back."
When used in a sentence of comparison estimation
or occur either before the adiective or
In my opinion, the disparity between the city and the countryside in

China is much larger in America.
Competition in modem society is more intense in the past.
perspective of the Chinese, could be more natura1.

An adjective or descriptive phrase is put in the
indicate the superlative.
is more comfortable kind of life.
Taxis are both plentiful and cheap. Nothing could be more convenient.
366
367
111. Rewrite each sentence using the expressions provided.

1.
B: 0
2.
3.
B: 0
B: ..__0

1. temple has been largely preserved in its original design,
nothing could be more appropriate than using it to demonstrate the
architecture characteristics of Ming dynasty to
2. Recently a new type of play has appeared which presents westem stories in
the form of Beijing Opera. From my perspective, nothing could be more
awkward than this kind of Beijing Opera which combines Chinese and
westem elements
3. Beijing is where the capital of China resides; besides, it is also China's
cultural center. It is precisely because of this importance in po1itics and
culture that modernization in Beijing is occurring much faster than in other
areas of China.
368
4. The aviation transportation in Southem China is centered in
Shanghai. To the north one can reach Beijing in a couple of hours;
south one can reach in a couple of hours. could be
more convenient than the aviation transportation in Shanghai.
VI. Composition
One of the problems of modernization in had highly
developed pre
former society. Siheyuanr residential compound) and
Hutongr (traditional alleys in of historical treasures
which have greatly impeded future growth of the city. Policy makers often
fmd themselves confronted with the question of what to preserve and how to
If you were a city planner, what measures would to
preserve the ancient heritage of the city while ensuring sufficient
modernization and adaptability?
369
ge you suo idm. each has his own strong points
bèi n. -times; -fold

n.lv. proof, prove
düshì n. city; metropolis
tíngl/chë v.-o.
f n. air
_ v
wuran pollution, pollute

gõnglù n. highway; main road
n.
370
diànchë n. (electric) tram
n. subway
n./v. ease and comfort; enJoy
gub dzi v.-o. lead a life
I.ZI n. day; date
zhuãng v. set up; instal1
suànshì v. be considered be regarded as
shëchT adj. luxurious; extravagant
sìfën zhïyï one fourth
shüshì comfort
kèguãn objective
371
n. flushlng toilet
v. admire; envy
shàng xiàllbãn v. -0. go to work and get off work
go to work
get off work
ddnnvmn
Vdeedgdv./n. exerClse
n. (traffic) lane
n. strong point; good point
n. shortcoming; weakness
VO
idm. each has hls own shortcomings
372
373
It should not be regarded as extravagance or a buy a car or install
air conditioning.
"to be considered as" or "to be regarded as." When the
object is sometimes added
pattem is a1ways passive sentence. One can never
See L. Note (2).
He may be considered this student.
Compared to the Beijing's summer does not count as hot.
Finishing this book in one week wou1d surely be considered fast.
The population of America is on1y one fourth popu1ation) of China

"X is ofY."
"nine
tenths." For percentages, For
is "ten percent."
He spent one fourth ofhis income on clothes.
374
Morethan percent of students have been to China.
One cannot ride a bicycle to commute to work even if one wants to.
the same as the See L. 32, Note
(2). Other variations ofthis and
Everyone needs to buy an admission ticket, even ifhe is a child.
You shouldn't waste even ifyou are rich.
Ifyou don't exercise, you won't be able to slim down even ifyou eat
very little.
1 don't envy you, even though your income Ìs higher than mine.
375
11. Make a sentence using each underlined structure.
111. Rewrite the sentence using question to make it

a rhetorical question.
IV. Fill in each blank with one character from the list.
fare)
plant

1.
B: 0
B:
376
3.
? adj.)
4.
B:

everyone has his/her own and weak points. You don't need to
force yourself to do you are obviously not going to achieve;
besides, you don't need to envy other people's strong points. It is
possible that no better than you.
2. The income is only one third of ours, but they lead a very
extravagant and prodiga1 life. For example, they drive an imported
European sedan to commute to work.
3. To most people, enjoying fresh air is considered a basic requirement of life.
However, the rapidly increasing number of cars has brought a very serious
air pollution problem. This situation still has not been improved even
though the price of cars has been raised much higher than
VII. Composition
Everyone wants to enjoy the materia1 comforts of air-conditioning in hot
summer months, a quick car-ride to work, and convenient access to electricity
and telecommunications. However, these luxuries come at a price. They
pollute our environment, use up our resources, and contribute to the problem of
over-crowding. Do you everyone, or anyone, has the right to a life
filled with these luxuries? What kinds of responsibilities come
blessings of the technologica1 now enjoy? Would it be right
for an American to have these amenities but not a Chinese citizen? Howabout
a person of our generation versus our grandchildren or great-grandchildren?
Do you see any equitable solutions to this dilemma?
377
dãngdài adj. contemporary
dãngdàish'í n. contemporary history
huïfù v. resume
xíngsh'í v. perform; exercise
zhuquán n. sovereignty
jiéshù v. finish; conclude
zhímíndì n. colony
n n. Oplum
zhànzhëng n. war
Yãpiàn n. the Opium War
n. Britain; England
v. defeat; beat, be defeated
dàliàng a large number; a great deal
n. indemnity; reparations
378
gerang v. cede
dÌg uó n. emplre
zhuyì n. -ism; doctrine
dìguó zhuyì n. imperialism
v. be defeated
adj. all kinds of
n.
huíguï n.lv. return
n. humiliation; shame
n.lv. governance, rule; govern
shìyìng v. suit; adapt; get
t'ízhì n. system
yìguó n. one country, two systems
"Hong Kong citizens govern Hong
Kong"
379
tàng AN measure word for a trip
n. Special Administrative Region
quql n. regional flag

nationa1 flag
plngwen adj. smooth and steady; stable
..qiánhòu around the time of .. .
n. stock
n. real estate
n. pnce
jiãnglái n. in the future
v. of; brimming with
n. confidence
adj. official
v. become; turn into
adj. in common use; current
380
381
.. ended one century and a half of colonial history in Hong Kong.
In L. 41 , Note (2), we learned how to read in Chinese.
Here we are going to learn how to read a mixed number (a whole number
plus a proper fraction) in Chinese.
For an expression of a number plus a is "No. + AN +
.!p' or ‘'No.
five and a half dollars
two and a half years
half months
2 and a halfkilograms ofbeef

7 and a half weeks of program
For a whole number and a the is
1 and 1/4 centuries
4 and 112 hours
5 and 3/4 and kilograms
Under British dominion, there were clear differences between Hong Kong
and China in every regard.
When used with a substantive or verbal "under
certain conditions."
In this type of situation, Romans do" is the best way [to act].
continuous strengthening of Sino-American relations, the

importance ofEnglish is gradually growing.
382
Around the time of the Return, Hong Kong' s stock and real estate prices
were also quite steady.
a:fter a word or phrase denoting an approximate point of
tíme.
1.
Around 1949, China was unstable both politically and economically.
His fam i1y's economic situation changed about the time he went to
elementary school.
This is the best proof that Hong Kong full of confidence in

their future.
object usually an abstract noun;
When there is a recipient of
recipient is always preposted with
1 am ful1 ofhope for the new
He has been studying diligently and is fiUed with confidence.
383
)
11. Rearrange the to make a grammatically correct

sentence.
1.
2.
0
3. (
4.
III. Make a sentence using each underlined structure.
4.

1.
B: 0
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
384
1. Because they repeatedly lost Qing government
could not do anything but cede Hong Kong to Great Britain in the nineteenth
century. From then on, Hong Kong was govemed by Great Britain, opening
a century and a half of colonial history.
2. The change in the district :flag symbolized the beginning of China' s exertion
of sovereignty over Hong Kong. In the next fifty China will adopt the
policy of "one country, two systems" in order to
development ofHong Kong.
3. Around the Hong Kong returned to China, there were an increasing
number of people starting to study Putonghua , because after 1997 Hong
Kong would no longer be a colony of Great Britain. The official language
would be changed from Eng1ish to Putonghua.
VI. Composition
In her autobiographical novel , l Wang Anyi a contemporary PRC
author, writes,
ln other words , even after fifty years of CCP leadership and advocacy of
Putonghua in Shanghai, everyone still speaks the Shanghai dialect, and those
who do not speak the dialect have a hard time functioning as fully accepted
individuals in local society. Now that Hong Kong has returned to mainland
leadership, the official language there is also given
Wang Anyi' s statement about the use of Shanghai dialect in Shanghai, what do
you predict about the acceptance of Putonghua in Hong Kong? In short, do
you agree with the textbook's view that everyone in Hong Kong will be
speaking Putonghua instead of Cantonese or do you think
that they will retain their orlginallanguage in all but the most formal situations?
What factors affect their ehoice of language, and what for and
against change?
1 Wang, Any i. Jishi he XugOU: Chuangzao Shijie Fangshi (Reality and Fiction:
One ofCreating the World). Beijing: People's Literature Press, 1993.
385
1368-
huáijiù n. /v. a sense of nostalgia; nostalgiè

sentiments, recollect the good old
days
yulù n. recorded utterance; book of
n. Cultural Revolution (an

abbreviation
revolution
shíqï n. (time) period
dãngnián t.w. in those years (days)
qlngxu n. feeling; sentiments
n. expert
386
gan xmgqu V.-o. be interested in
yìtí n. subject under discussion; issue

walzl- n. foreign capital
qlye n. enterprise; industry; husiness
adj. joint venture
yuanyuan adv. degree); by far
chãoguò v. exceed; surpass
V. be left (over); remain
mó.hu adj. vague; blurred

n. Vietnam
chushëng v. bebom
387
tíq'í V.-c. mention; speak of
V. associate; connect
nongye n. agriculture
n. mistress; concubine
V.-o. foot-binding
wulóng V.-o. Chinese dragon dance
wushi V.-o. Chinese lion dance
xiãoshì V. disappear
adv. childhood
n. McDonald's
n.
T .þíu. tìxù n. T-shirt
shãndìchë n. mountain bike
diànz'í yóuxì n. video game
youxl n. game
388
adv.
n. (colloquia1) foreigner
n adv./adj. hard to avoid, inevitable
shiwàng v. be disappointed
gaoxmg adj. happy

v.-c. be unable to (be) resist(ed);
be unable to (be) stop(ped)
389
1368-
390
(This) is nO't a tO'pic that mO' st interests O'rdinary Chinese peO'ple.
interested in
Adverbs such
1 am especially interested in the histO'ry O'f the Cultural RevO' lutiO'n.
Are yO'u interested in ecO'nO'mics?
It is unavO' idable f O'r fO'reigners tO' feel a bit disappO'inted ab O'ut nO't seeing
the dragO'n O'r liO'n
an adverb used in the secO'nd clause O'f a sentence tO' indicate a
rather unavO'idable resu1t O'f actiO' n frrst clause. It
a lO' wer degree O'finevitability.
and negative fO'rms mean the same.
mean "will get mad
usually used in a prO'pO'sitiO'n instead O'f a descriptiO'n.
It is hard nO't tO' make mistakes when speaking a fO'reign Ianguage.
When several peO'ple live in O'ne small rO'O'm , it is diffi.cult tO' avO'id
It dO' esn't matter whether O'ne is happy or disappointed about it, China's
modernization is unstoppable.
With two O'r more wO'rds or phrases which are O'pp O' site O'r related in
that whatever the
cÏrcumstances may be, the O'utc O'me remains unchanged. It is used
in coniunction or other such adverbs in the secO'nd clause.
391
The Chinese are very interested in foreign, whether it is
McDonald's or Kentucky Fried Chicken.
He is not interested in any foreign language, whether it is Chinese or

Japanese.
English proficiency is very important, no matter if one is studying at

home or abroad.
392
11. Identify and correct the error.
111. F iII in each blank with one character from the list.

1.
B:
393
2.
B: 0
3.

1. 1 thumbed through this book once when it was first published ten years ago.
Because 1 was not interested in ancient history, only a vague impression of
the book remained in my mind. 1 guess your understanding of it is definitely
far
2. It is inescapable for some Chinese people to associate American food with
either Coca-Cola or McDona1d's In fact, whether it is Coca-
Cola or can completely represent
1 am it is not easy to find traditiona1 American food
even in a big city like Beijing.
3. N 0 matter whether it is in newspapers or in magazines, there is a lot of
discussion going on about the issue of joint-capita1 industries. Everyone is
filled with a certain hope , because a lot of economic and
publicizing the success brought by this new industrial mode.
VI. Composition
Right now an American (or at least a foreign nationa1) in China.
Did you come to see old Chinese society? Were you upset when you saw that
China had changed over the last hundred years? If your interest in China is in
its history or events of an era which is now why are you
time period? How can understanding the past help us to deal present?
the difflcu1ties current situations as opposed to events
that have already passed?
394
n. foreign language
zhuãnxïn concentrate one's attention; be
absorbed
nian v. read aloud
n. textbook
Tiãnjin n. Tianjin
qlao n. bridge
guoran as expected; sure enough
ymql v. raIse; arouse
adv. extremely; exceedingly
yÌbiãnr A conj. doing A while doing B; doing A as

B doing B
yì jì.í idm. kill two birds with one stone
395
jiëtóu p. w. street comer; street
n. comer
hùxiãng adv. mutually;
n. kindergarten; nursery school
adj. current (practice); general
(practice)
wàilái adj. outside; external; foreign

shìwù object
Jlaoxue education; pedagogy
DÌ'èr cì n. the Second World
1945)
small number; few; minority

kãi v. offer (a course)
396
n. course; curriculum
n. the Korean War (1 950-1953)
n. the Pacific Ocean

n. Japan
shìwù n. general affairs
n.
n. Asia
adv. after all; all in all
mlqle c1ose, carefully; c1osely; intently
búduàn adv. constantly; continuously

n. utility; material gain
dòngjï n. motive; intention
397
conj. the reason that
tõngguò prep. by means of; by way of
398
Just as expected, this method attracted people's attention immediately.
meaning "as expected" or "sure indicates that
something has tumed outjust as expected or
or predicate of a sentence and modify a negative phrase.
He told me that the things in this department store were particularly

expensive. Just as expected, 1 found the prices were in general about
5% higher than in other stores.
1 went to that used book store and, as expected, found many

the period of the Cultural Revolution.
399
The "English Bridge" was unbelievably lively.
be used by itself to mean
"awful," or just ''wow!'' In common usage,
"extremely adj. "or "unbelievably adj. "
He was only 15 old when he entered China' s national table

tennis which is truly amazing.
is extremely particular about dinner table etiquette; please

don't make a fool
Shopping whi1e practicing English is really "killing two birds with one
stone."
When used with two verbs or verbal
indicates that two actions occur at the same time. Often the second verb
denotes the main action whereas the first denotes the accompanying
action.
Don't listen to music while reading. Ifyou don't concentrate, how

can you memorize?
chatted walked
Anyone can go to this kind of place to chat together in English.

meaning "J,11utually" or "each other," is used to modify
polysyllabic words or phrases. See L. 28, Note (6).
These two statements contradict each other.
This type of mutual hostility is of no benefit to either
Although the number of students studying Asian languages has

these students are ultimately stil1 in the minority.
400
all" or "in the final analysis," is used in a
dec1arative sentence to point out the crucial point of a matter.
Although he has been living in China for twenty years , he is, after all ,
an American. He still retains many American habits.
Although he is end he is just too young and does not

have enough experience.
The reason 1 study Chinese 1 want to understand Chinese society

through language study.
When first c1ause relates a result,
immediately after the subject
result. The second c1ause in the stress on
the cause.
Chinese language study in America has flourished in recent years

because Americans have recognized the importance of Asian nations.
Chinese govemment is actively developing transportation because

transportation is the basis of modernization.
through" and "pass" in

29) , here it means "by means of," "by way of." Usually it
takes a noun or nominal phrase as its forms an
adverbial phrase used to the main sentence. There is no negative
form because it is an adverbial phrase.
401
the worst method; we'd best solve the conflicts between
countries through communication.
Via the intemet, we can easily communicate who are a

great distance away.
research can we understand the basic

problems.
1. Answer the follo'Wing questions using the structures when provided.
credit
402
11. Rewrite each sentence using the expression in parentheses.

1.
B: 0 (
403
2.
B:
3.
B:

1. It does not matter whether you have utilitarian or academic motivations; we
all hope that the economic development of the Pacific region will improve
your After all, you are one of the few people who realize
the importance area
2. 1 choose to live in the Chinese dormitory because 1 want to learn
further about Chinese college students 1 often chat
while having dinner. As a result, my Chinese has improved a is
really "killing two birds with one stone."
3. He told 1 could find many advertisements for "Chinese Comer" here
Just as expected, there were quite a few advertisements attached
on the bulletin board. There were even more than 1 could find in the
newspaper.
VI. Composition
The English is one ofthe world's most widely-adopted
languages. Do you this circumstance is solely related
number of native English speakers, other factors involved
(historical, economic, military, or political)? Chinese speakers also number
among the most populous, and many scholars, bureaucrats, and entrepreneurs
predict that China may very well be the world's most economica11y and
militarily powerful country a few generations. However, many students
in America and elsewhere still do not choose to study Chinese, whereas all
Chinese students study English. Do you have any friends interest in
foreign languages and cu1tures who have not chosen to study Chinese? What
are some of their reasons?
404
guangmlng n.ladj. bright
Guãngmíng n. Guangming Daily
(newspaper)
n. city and town
jìnniánlái adv.
diànshÌjï n. television set
pují be available to a11; popularize
n.lv. statistics, add up; count

hù AN measure word for household
17.2 shíqï
tái AN measure word for machines
adj. color (as opposed to black and
white); multicolor
405
plngjun average
adv. atleast
n. color TV
jiémù n. (TV, radio , etc.) show; program
n. content
n. entertainment
seqlng n. pomography
bàolì n. violence
406
. adj. silly; stupid; bored; boring
kòngzhì v. control
xiànshí reality; actuality

v./n. report,
hài v. harm; damage
v./adj. be in flood; inundate;
overabundant; unchecked spreading
407
for instance; for
n. state
. ..Ylxià postp. under (a given point or line)
bùxu V. not be allowed to , not allow
n. customs
guoqlng n. the condition or situation of a nation
408
0
409
There are only 17.2 color television every one hundred
households.
sentence pattem indicates how small a number is,
emphasizes the significance of the
He only has two classes a week.
410
According to a report, only 4.7 couples out of every 100 couples
divorced around 1979 in China; however, in 2006 twenty out of 100
couples had filed for divorce.
In America, 22 out of 100 children have obesity problems, and boys

are twice as to be obese.
On average, there is at least one color TV in each house.

precedes a verb which is followed by a number-AN
construction to indicate the least number. It can also precede a phrase, a
clause, or even a sentence to indicate the smallest extent.
One needs to spend at least 30 dollars when eating in a restaurant.
He didn't understand what 1 said, at understand it.
If you cannot go to see him, you shou1 d at least call him.
Compared to American TV o[ still
an adverbial phrase meaning "when compared with ...."

sometimes omitted. The subject is put ofthe
time. See L. 8, Note (7) and L. 22, Note (2).
Compared to the young people in the past, the young people nowadays
are much more willing to accept
Compared to the big cities, the development in the countryside falls

behind.
411
Of course, pOm1ography and violence emerge gradua11y. However,
to American TV shows, those of still very clean.
means the situation remains the same no matter how the
conditions often used frrst clause.
Old problems have been solved, but new problem will still arise.
The Chinese restaurants in New Y not as authentic as those in

Beijing of stiU are very .good.
(5)
People under 21 are not allowed in public.
"below (a certain level)" or "less than (a certain) number."
L. 34, Note (1).
People ui1der 16 are not allowed to drive cars.
If you get a grade worse than a B , you cannot take this course next .
semester.
My monthly expenses are less than 400
412
11. Make a sentence using the underlined structure.
413
1.
2.
B: _____ 0
3.
B:

1. In America, the pomography and violence are rampant is not
because there are no laws, but because of different customs. According to
the American view, having pomographic content in TV shows is a
manifestation of speech, which should not be restrained.
2. In the past few TV shows in China have changed significantly. Even
though they are not as liberal and open as American shows, at
reflect social Television is no longer a tool for political propaganda,
but has the function of education and entertainment.
3. TV influences children very much. According to statistics, six out of ten
children watch violent shows imitate what the characters do
in the shows and do In order to prevent this
happening, parents should take the responsibility of educating their children
and helping them choose the shows which are good for them.
VI. Composition
It is evident is more and more violent and pomographic content
in TV shows today. While some express concem of
speech, others suggest the censorship of TV programs. What is your position
on this issue? What can you do to make our TV programs better for younger
generations? If you were given a chance to produce a TV show, what would
your show be like?
414
xueql n. semester; school term
prep. as...
n. author
v. introduce
v.-c. mention
kuàilè merry; happy
qlgal n.
pín fù bù jün idm. inequa1ities in wea1th; gap between
rich and poor
415
qióngrén n. poorpeople
dùn AN measure word for a meal
yìbãnrén n. common people
adv. Could it be
jiàokëshu n. textbook
v. beautify
zhënshí adj. real
l mistake, wrong
416
ncknv
adj.
n. newword
n. sentence
n. vocabulary
-on
as for; as
V.-o. be cheated; be deceived
417
talk about
n. NewYork
Huáshèngdùn n. Washington, D. C.
SUffl X . . syndrome; disease
n. obesity
shìshí n. fact
418
cheerful; joyful
v. improve; make (something) better
adj. limited
nao.zi n. brains; mind

adv./adj. truly; really, genuine; true; real
419
420
421
We used A New textbook this semester.
Aas also take a noun phrase
as its object and be used as an adverbial phrase
predicate sentence.
We want to use the slogans on topic oftoday's

discussion.
As a teacher, taking care ofthe students is my responsibility.
As a member ofmodern society, one must be able to use a computer.
The literal "do you mean to say that... a

rhetorical word, and very often the question particle is used at the
end of a sentence to form a rhetorical be placed
before the subject or after the subject.
Did you really forget how to write your Chinese name?
Do you really notcare about anyone?
Don't diet any more! Are you really going to yourself to
Speaking of wealth inequality, this is not just a Chlnese problem.

"speaking of." These structures are
usually placed at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject to start a
structures can also serve as regular verbs, e.g.
or
422
Speaking of China's special characteristics, foreigners
about the traditions of "the dragon dance ," "the lion dance," and "foot-
binding."
Speaking of swimming, 1 you are swimming to lose weight.

Does it work?
Speaking of the scenic Beijing, the Great Wall is my favorite.
Ifyou truly want to understand China, you must see, hear, and analyze for
yourself.
In L. 2 , Note (9) we learned about the usage
all have very c10se meanings. AIso review L. 16, Note (3).
used in an exclamatory sentence.
This school is so good!
This book is such a nice textbook!

used as an adverb , emphasizes that the
true.
1.
A: Did he really agree?

B: Yes. He really did agree. Would 1 lie to you?
This university is really a good one. You should go to this university.
It really is an ancient the Ming Dynasty; its price is of

course high.
423
"authentic," "genuine"
only be used before a noun as a modifier, not as a
predicate. You can never the correct form
It's very hard to find authentic antiques in these kinds ofplaces.
Only ifyou go to Beijing, can you truly see Beijing people's daily life.
When used as interchangeable
adverbial word is optional.
Those who truly enjoy Chinese culture are defmitely no strangers to

Beijing Opera.
She wants to date someone who can re a11y make her happy.
5.
424
11. rewrite the underlined sentences.

1.
7.

1.
425
B: . 0
B: 0
3.
4.
BA

1. As a foreign student who is learning Chinese, 1 don't have much interest in a
textbook that reads like propaganda. This kind of textbook overly beautifies
reality, and is very boring to read. It is tiring enough to learn new
vocabulary and sentence How could you possibly force us to
author's viewpoints
2. Speaking of urban 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing is a
very good example. The Chinese government tried hard to improve
air quality, strengthen the traffic solve the problem
of beggars and street vendors, and build many modemized buildings.
Tourists can see the truly progressive side ofBeijing.
3. The poor become poorer, and the rich become richer. This Îs so-called
"inequality of wealth." This phenomenon is currently becoming more and
more evident. From housing to job the social resources the
poor get are very limited. To truly solve this problem, we must start with
education.
VI. Composition
426
Mínzú n. the Chinese Nation (people)
mmzu n. nation; a people; race; rationality
Hànrén n. the Han people
adj. correct; right
duõ mínzú adj. multi-racia1
zu race; nationa1ity
zhï ... n. percent
zuoyou n. about; or so (used after a number)

mínzú n. minority
V. be distributed (over an area); be
scattered
v
guang adj. vast; wide
427
jüzhù v. live; reside; dwel1
shÌyí v. be be
v.ln. produce, production
nouns)
produce (for abstract nouns)
n. southeast
plngyuan n. plain; tlatlands
n. northeast
n. northwest
xï' nán n. southwest
n. Inner Mongolia
Xïnjiãng n. Xinjiang
zìzhìqü n. autonomous regíon
n. religion
xmyang n. belief; faith; conviction
n. the Man (Manchu) people
Zàngzú n. the Zang (Tibetan) people
Huízú n. the Hui people
long; long-standing
428
(960-1279)
(1368-1644)
n. the Song Dynasty

jiànlì v. establish; set up
n. Manchuria
v. eliminate; abolish; extenninate;
wipe out
n. middle period (of a dynasty,
reign)
fubài n./adj. corruption, corrupt; rotten
shuãiluò v.ladj. decline; be
dãngshí
n. (social) class
YIJlaren n. or clan
429
adv. gradually
v. intermarry (between countries,
races, social classes, etc. The
do not
refer to individuals, but to a class
ofpeople.)
n. melting pot
430
(960-1279)
(1271-1368) 0
The Han nationality makes up around 95% ofChina's population
According report, among today's college students, more than

80% prepare to study abroad.
431
Urban citizens' expenses on traffic and communications are
8.4% oftheir income.
According to statistics, Caucasians constituted 90% of the American

populatiQn in 1955. This drop to 60% in 2020.
usually used after a numeral, a number-AN phrase, or a numeral

plus a noun which does not need a measure word to the number
ïs approxímate.
He is around 40 years old.
It takes about one week to send a letter from America to China.
There were about 50 people who participated
432
111. Explain the following words.

1.
B: 0
3.
B:
433
1. The culture of minorities is absolutely not inferior to that of the Han people.
However, owing to a lack of written language, in addition to the
minorities are spread out in remote areas. Han people often have an
incorrect understanding ofthem.
2. China is a multi-racial country; however, the population of the minorities is
only about 5 percent of the total population of China while their residential
covers less than 50 percent of in China.
3. Owing to the difference in religious beliefs, there was no
between these two classes in the past. class is not separated
the other so strictly, the distance between them is decreasing, and
intennarriage has been more common.
VI. Composition
The Chinese government has actively pro-minority policies. For
example, minorities can. be schooled in their own language and culture in
minority schools, receive some leniency in tenns planning and
religious rights , and have special at national universities. However,
despite the active encouragement of minority cultural preservation,
several obstacles for minorities who desire to maintain their traditional
language and culture. Taking language as an example, a member of the
minority community can choose to attend school in hislher native language,
but doing so can, in some ways, hislher future opportunities. In a
China, where over 95% ofthe population speaks (or is expected to
speak) a common language, not can be an immense
obstacle. One way around this problem is to learn Mandarin as a second
language. However, most Han Chinese students spend their time studying
English as a second language in order to help them adapt to a more global
environment. For minority students who wish to seek out these global
opportunities and own language, the result must
become proficient in three languages. What measures might you suggest to aid
in the preservation of minority culture without compromising minorities'
opportunities to modemize?
434
(206 220)
n. nationa1 power
powerful and prosperous
n. dynasty
V. absorb
n. the Han Dynasty
Sïchóu Zhï Lù n. the Silk Road
ylnJln V. elsewhere
n. Centra1 Asia
n. WestemAsia
pú .tao n. grape
húguã n. (archaic name for) cucumber
huang.gua n. cucumber
hú.qin n. a genera1 term for certain kinds of
bowed instruments
yueql n. musica1 instrument
435
chuán v. pass; pass on; spread
bãjiu idm. in eight or nine cases out of ten;
most likely
yang westem; foreign
yángrén n. foreigner (non-Chinese)
n. (archaic)
yángbù n. foreign clothes
Vìndù n. India
n. Buddhism
chuánrù v. pass on to; spread into
v./adj. enrich, rich
n. philosophy
yìshù n.
Jlng adv. unexpectedly; to one's
436
v. cut up; carve up
wenwu n cultural relic; historical relic
n. places of scenic beauty and historic
ínterest
Tángcháo n. the Tang Dynasty
fÓjîng n. Buddhist sutra
v./n. translation
adj. loca1; native
duö zï diverse
437
xïhuà n. westemization
yùndòng n. movement
n. self-defense
V. expand
V. be forced to
sùdù n. speed
adj. great; weighty; major; significant
n. depth
438
chuãnzhuó n. dress; apparel
... .'" guan.xl n. interpersonal relationship

-
Slwel -. n.
n.lv. adjust
gexlng n. individual character; personality
quanxln brand-new
xíngchéng v. form; take shape
gÙdìng adj. fixed; stable
...
zalyu v. lie in; rest with
n. component; composition
439
0
tuï chén chü xïn idm. weed out the old to the
new
yuè t idm. passing day
suhhi n. place; location
(206 B.C. - A.D. 220)
440
-
441
The greatness of Chinese culture certainly does not lie in its stabi1ity and
immutability, but in its constant assimilation ofnew elements when
engaged in cultural exchange.
first usage to indicate the essence or nature of an object.
It usually takes a noun, a verb, or a phrase as its The subject
usually a noun phrase.
biggest problem in this school is not a lack of dormitories, but too

few books in its library.
The foundation of democracy lies in the equality of all people.

3
The second meaning "to be determined by... ., or "to depend
on...." The subject is usually a choice-type question.
Our success in this matter depends on whether or not we have

determination and confidence.
You determine whether you go or not.
Weeding out the old to bring forth the new and changing
passing day is exactly the seat ofChinese culture's greatness.
to and abstract location.
China's problern rests on the too rapid pace ofits transition.
Let's find a beautiful, scenic place [a place with beautiful scenery] and
take a break for a few days.
442
III. Choose a word from the list to fill in each blank.
443
2.
B: 0
3.
B: 0
4.A:
B:
1. The reason that 1 work so hard to carry out this movement is
absolutely not because our traditional system is not unique, but because we
need to absorb extemal components to find something new in what is old
.
2. 1 never worried that 1 wou1d not be able to expand my career after 1 came to
China. On the the very beginning 1 knew that China was
where 1 wou1d be successful.
3. Now not only do 1 speak Chinese faster, the depth ofwhat 1 can express is
also greater than in the past. to China has enriched my
understanding of foreign cu1ture.
VI. Composition
You have been in China for at least two months now. In your opinion,
what major changes have taken places here in the few months or
Do you think China will continue to progress at this pace? Shou1d we in the
Westchange how we depict China?
444
P nvu n nJuex
•••
A eating), L. 34, p. 308

interj. , Oh!; Ah! (It expresses anger, maintain; preserve (prevent
irritation, contempt or changing), L. 30, p. 270
p.92 V. , preserve; keep (prevent from
10ve to, L. 33 , p. 300 deteriorating), L. 40, p. 360

V. , cherish; treasure, L. 33, p. 300 V. , protect, L. 7, p. 64
n. , romantic 10ve, L. 32, p. 289 retain; continue to have; keep, L. 31 ,

one's husband or wife, L. 19, p. 173 p.281
adj. , stable; (modify insurance, L. 39, p. 350
abstract nouns only), L. 24, p. 220 safety net, guarantee; safeguard,
V/ n. , arrange, arrangement, L. 16, p. 142 L.32, p.289
adj. , 5afe, L. 2, p. 13 12, p. 114
n. , bank; L. 15, p. 135 in one's arms; embrace; cradle, L. 16,
V. , massage, L. 8, p. 71 p. 145
on the bank; on the shore, L. 15, report, broadcast, L. 32, p. 288
p.135 v/n., broadcast, L. 45, p. 407
the Olympics; 0lympic, L. 40, n. , vio1ence, L. 45 , p. 406
p.362 adj. , be sorry; feel apo10getic, L. 19,
n. , abbreviation p. 173
L. 40, p. 362 31 , p. 281
on the back, L. 16, p. 145
B n. , cup; glass, L. 7, p. 63
n., eight treasures (choice ingredients of b6l, n. , north, L. 4, p. 38
certain special dishes) , L. 20, p. 186 Northemer, L. 20, p. 182
n. , L. 18, p. 163 Beijing, L. 1, p. 1
n/adj. , white, L. 16, p. 143 Beijing Peking University, L. 29,
day, L. 6, p. 54 p.261
zhï n. , percent, L. 47, p. 427 n. , -times; -fold, L. 41 , p. 370
balhuò n. , department background, L. 28, p. 252
L.l1 , p.102 V. , be forced to, L. 48 , p. 438
n. , zebra, L. 21 , p. 193 n. , undergraduate student, L. 38,

n. , pedestrian crossing; cross-walk p.343
(marked with stripes like those ofa zebra), L. 21 , adv. , original1y; at tirst, L. 3, p. 26
p. 193 adj. , 10ca1; native, L. 48, p. 437
n. , edition, L. 30, p. 271 for instance, L. 12, p. 113
V. , do; manage; handle, L. 4, p. 39 for instance; for examp1e, L. 18,
way; means; measure, L. 23, p. 211 p. 163
L. 27, p. 243 adv/v., comparatively,
n. , office; agency, L. 27, p. 243 p.37
V.-O. , help , L. 5, p. 48 L. 30, p. 272
n/v. , help, L. 36, p. 327 after a11; a1 1 in all , L. 44, p. 397
adj. , (colloquial) good; excellent, L. 10, p. 92 V. , avoid; L. 20, p. 186
t.w. , evening; dusk, L. 14, p. 128 Bìshu
n. , swelling; lump, L. 5, p. 47 "avoid-heat-mountain-villa"; (Imperial) Summer
n., steamed stuffed bun, L. 20, p. 183 Residence, L. 13, p. 121
445
must, L. 35 , p. 318 have no choicc but to; have to,
graduate, L. 27, p. 244
V. -O., L.3 , p.26
n. , college graduate, L. 27, p. 244 L. 44,
become different, L. 31 , p. 279 p.395
become; tum into, L. 31 , p. 279 a part, L. 34, p. 309
change, L. 40, p. 361 bùgãn adj. , unc1ean; filthy, L. 15,
n.la4J:, convenience, convenient, L. 37, p.136
p.336 don't deserve this; you
and L.23 , me, L. 19, p. 170
p.211 n. , bulletin board, L. 38, p. 343
(usually written on a banner or adj. , cmbarrassed, L. 7, p. 63
poster), L. 22, p. 200 i dm., gain
criterion, L.39, p.352
L.28, p. 2S 2 adj. , ma1-; bad, L. 33, p. 299
L. 4, p. 39 V. , not equ a1 to; not as good as, L. 9, p. 79
n. , outside, L. 11 , p. 103 not be a1 lowed to, not a110w, L. 45,
the surface, L. 11 , p.408
p. 103
V. , show; use words to express; indicate, C
L. 19, p. 171
V. , show; display, L. 11 , p. 103 ingredient, L. 20, p. 185
n. , materi a1, L. 30, p. 270
behavior), L. 29, p. 262 color TV L. 45 , P. 406
awkward, L. 40, p. 364 '\1., adopt (something abstract), L. 34,
n. , object, L. 20, p. p.310
n. , ice, L. 6, p. 54 adj. , color (as and white);
n. , ice cream, L. 33, p. 300
ice 6, p. 54 V. , visit (a placc); around, L. 13,
L. 34, p. 310 p. 121
V. , be sick; be i1l, L. 5, p. 46 '\1., participate; attend (an event), L. 38,
V. , cxist simultaneously, L. 26, p. 235 p.343
Boeing, L. 36, p. 327 L. 12, p. 113
museum, L. 30, p. 269 L. 36, p. 328
adv. , need not; not have to, L. 8, p. 72 divergence, L. 28, p. 251
V. , less than; not yet, L. 13, p. 121 n. , fork, L. 7, p. 63
constantly; continuously, L. 44, check; inspect, L. 1, p. 2
p.397 n. , tea, L. 6, p. 54
adv. , but; however, L. 1, p. 3 adj. , about the same; similar,

v.ladv. , not necessarily; not Iikely, L.20, p.182
L.35 , p.318 '\1.-0. , foot-binding , L. 43, p. 388
disadvantageous; harmful, L. 38, p. 344 (for abstract nouns),
it doesn't matter; don't L. 31 , p. 279
unimportant, L. 19, p. 172 V') L. 13, p. 122
not to mention; needless to Cháng'ãn Chang'an Street, a major
say, L. 3 , p. 24 street in L. 40, p. 363
no longer, L. 27, p. 245 the Great Wall , L. 14, p. 127
n., cram school , L. 38, p. 343 strong point; good point, L. 41 ,
measure word for cars or movies, L. 1, p. 2 p.372
446
adj. , 'Often seen; c'Omm'On, L. 20, chi.bu be unable t 'O eat anym'Ore,
p. 185 L. 19, p. 172
giraffe, L. 16, p. 144 V. , be late (f'Or a f lXed schedule 'Or
adj. , l'Ong distance, L. 2, p. 14 app 'Ointment , L. 3 , p. 24
situati'On, L. 19, p. 173 n. , humiliati'On; shame, L. 42, p. 379
V.-O. , sing-s 'Ong; sing, L. 15 , p. 134 V. , be full 'Of; brimming with , L. 42,
V. , exceed; surpass, L. 43 , p. 387 p.380
n. , dynasty, L. 40, p. 360 c'Ont1 ict; clash, L. 28, p. 252
n. , dynasty, L. 17, p. 154 repeat, L. 19, p. 173
adj. , humid, L. 14, p. 129 again; L. 10, p. 89
Cháoxian chõushuI n. , t1 ushing t'O ilet, L. 41 ,
(1950-1953), L. 44, p. 397 p.372
V. , L. 20, p. 184 adj. , smelly; stinking, L. 12, p. 115
n. , (traffic) lane, L. 41 , p. 372 n. , bad smell; stench, L. 12, p. 114
take advantage 'Of(time, initial p art, L. 30, p. 270
etc.), L. 16, p. 142 V. , oome 'Out; publish, L. 30, p. 271
v.ln. , call; address, a V. ,
L. 11 , p. 100 n. , publishing L. 30, p. 269

comp. , int'O; bec'Ome, L. 3 , p. 26 V. , 'Off; leave, L. 17, p. 154
n. , c'Ost, L. 10, p. 90 V.-O. , g'O abroad, L. 38, p. 344
n. , Chengde, in Hebei Pr'Ovince, L. 13 , V.-O. , g'O out, L. 12 , p. 115
p.121 V. , be b'Om , L. 43, p. 387
n. , c'Omp'Onent; c'Omp'Ositi 'On, L. 48, V. , appear; arise; emerge, L. 28, p. 251
p.439 chüzü n. , taxi , L. 9 , p. 78
n.lv.ladj. , success, succeed, 'Only if; 'Only when; unle5s, L. 26,
5uccessful, L. 27, p. 244 p.237
n. , achievement; grade, L. 23 , p. 209 chú .le... except f'Or; aside fr'Om,
n. , achievement; L. 17, L.3, p.25
p.155 V. , handle; deal with; manage, L. 25, p. 228
n. , passenger, Chuãn, Sichuan L. 20, p. 182
adj. , sincere, L. 18, p. 164 dress; apparel , L. 48, p. 439
V. , has bec'Ome; became, L. 11 , p. 101 vessel, L. 16, p. 145
the city; d 'Ownt'Own , L. 1, 'On; spread, L. 48, p. 436
p.3 V. , infect; L. 12, p. 114
V. , f'Ound; L. 15 , p. 135 n. , infecti'Ous disease, L. 12,
V.-O. , relax in a 00 '01 place, L. 14, p.114
p. 128 V. , pass 'On t'O; spread int'O, L. 48 , p. 436
up 'On traditi'On, L. 25 , p. 226
L. 15, p. 134 n. , service window; wind'Ow, L. 4 ,
adj. , h'Onest, L. 18, p. 163 p.38
n. , metr'Op'Olis; city, L. 14, p. 129 n. , bedding, L. 2 , p. 12
V. , bec'Ome; tum int'O, L. 42 , p. 380 nothing; pr'Oduce;
chéng n. , t'Own and city and
c'O untryside, L. 36, p. 328 w 'Ord; tenn, L. 11 , p. 102
n. , a 5et phrase; idi'O m, L. 26, p. 235 L. 46, p. 417
n. , city and t'Own, L. 45 , p. 405 adv. , besides; 40, p. 360
chï .bu V.-C. , cann'Ol gel used 1'0 eating, then
L. 20, p. 183 L. 28, p. 250
447
1·JI ME
1i1d'3
VLh
méi V. have never V-ed ?3jva
before, L. 3, p. 24
EJ
once upon a time; sometime ago;
in past days, L. 16, p. 142 ,
L. 43 , p. 388 with minor L. 31 , p. 278
promote;
V. , L. 27, p. 244 n. , elephant, L. 16, p. 144
exist, L. 23, p. 208 n. , panda; giant panda, L. 16,
n. , (political, financial , etc.) measure; p.142
step, L. 34, p. 310 ath. , approximately; about, L. 11 , p. 100
adj. /n., error; mistake, wrong. L. 46, roughly; more or less, L. 35, p. 317
p.416 L. 1, p. 1
have (certain
D 8, p. 70
agree; promise; answer, L. 18, p. 163
V. , represent, L. 17, p. 153
reach (an agreement), L. 28, p. 251 physician;
(a goal), L. 34, p. 310 V. , bring abou t; bring a1ong;
context) add subtitles, L. 23, p. 210 L.23, p.210

V. , defeat; beat, be defeated, L. 42, p. 378 v. , replace; substitute for , L. 11 , p. 102
V.-O. , make a phone call; call, L. 2, treatmen t, L. 42, p. 379
p.11 dãnqin n., single-parent family, L. 32,
V. -0. , come into with; have p.290
L. 18, p. 162 n. , single room, L. 2, p. 11
V. -C., open , L. 1, p. 2 (work) unit, L. 39, p. 350
play cards, L. 21 , p. 193 worry; feel anxious , L. 1, p. 1
smash, L. 27, p. 243 unit, L. 35 , p. 320
V.-O. , play ball; play a balJ game, L. 14, list, L. 9, p. 81
p. 128
sweep; clean, L. 2, p. 12 p. 185
da do
V.-O. , 14, p. 128 V. , be; work as; serve as, L. 39, p. 352
V.-O. , say helJ o, L. 16, p. 144 adj. , contemporary, L. 42, p. 378
V.-O. , type; typewrite, L. 37, p. 337 n , contemporary history, L. 42,
bus, L. 1, p. 2 p.378
most, L. 12, p. 115 in the L. 6, p. S6
greatly, L. 22, p. 201 in those years (days), L. 43,
adv. , for the most part; mostly, L.40, p.386
p.361 then; atthat time, L. 47, p. 429
adv. , for the most part; mostly, L. 6, p. 54 in the middle, L. 21 , p. 192
great majority, L. 41 , p. 370 V.-c. , be unable to (be) resist(ed);
adv. , generalJy; approximately; perhaps, be unable to (be) L. 43 , p. 389
L. 12, p. 114 stop; halt; hamper, L. 17, p. 1S5
a large scale, L. 17, p. 155 knife, L. 7, p. 63
n. , food in a large pot, upto, L. 12, p. 115
L.27, p.245 adv.. on the 5, p. 47
L. 7, p. 62 V. , pour out; L. 22, p. 203
idm. , big streets and small measure word for dishes, L. 20, p. 185
alleys-almost everywherdanywhere, L. 15, p. 134 adv. , everywhere; at a11 places, L.22,
number; a great deal , p.200
L. 42, p. 378 arrive, L. 36, p. 327
n. , mainland, L. 11 , p. 102 morals; morality; ethics, L. 22, p. 201
448
all; exactly. L. 10. p. 90 adj.. electronic. L. 30. p. 271
d
p. e-rnail. L. 37. p. 335
dàO' until that tirne. L. 18. n.. video garne. L. 43. p. 388
p. 162 v.. sting; bite, L. 5. p. 47
up to...; until.... L. 13. p. 122 lose (sornething). L. 4. p. 38
contract (an iIl ness). L. 12. p. 114 n.. east, L. 4. p. 38
V.. in O'btaining. L. 34, p. 311 L. 47. p.428
.dehen. L. 2. p. 13 L. 47, p. 428
.de yàomìng, awfully; extrernely, L. 3. p. 25 dõng nán xï the so'uth, the west,
have tO'. L. 2. p. 14 and the nO'rth; every directiO'n, L. 36, p. 328
V. , ascend; rnO'unt, L. 17, p. 156 L. 20, p. 185
V. , wait, L. 7, p. 62 V. , understand; cornprehend; knO'W, L. 3,
and so O'n; etc. , L. 16, p. 144 p.25
and so O'n; etc. , L. 22, p. 202 verb, L. 20, p. 185
hO'sti\e; antagO'nistic, L. 28, p. 250 n. , rnO'tive; intentiO'n, L. 44, p. 397
adv. , indeed; really, L. 32, p. 288 L. 16, p. 142
L. 17, p. 155 n. , ZO O', L. 16, p. 142
ground; f1oO'r, L. 16, p. 143 n. , rnovernent; nO'ti O'n; actiO'n, L. 12,
adj. , authentic; genuine; real, L. 40, p. 114
n. , bean curd; L. 20, p. 184
n., the SecO'nd city; rnetroPO'lis, L. 41 , p. 370
WO'rld War (l 939-1945), L. 44, p. 396 independent, L. 35 ,
ernpire, L. 42, p. 379 p.319
dìguó n. , irnperialisrn, L. 42, p. 379 dúshëng
earth, L. 37, p. 337 L. 33 ,
n. , the g1O'bal village, L. 37, p. 337 p.300
district, L. 36, p. 327 up; blO'ck up, L. 9, p. 78
n. , subway, L. 41 , p. 371 V.-O. , have a traffic jarn, L. 9, p. 78
n. , pO'sitiO'n; status; standing, L. 19, p. 170 V. , up; up, L. 9, p. 79
subterranean, L. 21 , stornach; abdornen, L. 5, p. 46
p. 193 n. ,
n. , address , L. 4. p. 39 p. 372
(the nurnber) t O' see L. 9, text rnessage. L. 37,
p.81 p.337
n. , aspect; feature, L. 25 , p. 228 AN, paragraph; part; segrnent, L. 19, p. 171
V.-O. , O'rder dishes (in a restaurant), V. , exercise; engage in physical training,
L. 20, p. 182 L. 14, p. 12$
n. , electricity, L. 7, p. 64 abO'ut; tO'ward , L. 1, p. 2
L. 8, p. 69 O'ther side; the O'ther party. L. 18.
n. , (electric) trarn, L. 41 , p. 371 p. 162
n. , telephone; phO'ne call. L. 2, p. 11 n.. dial O'gue; cO'nversatiO'n, L. 19, p. 171
31 , p. 280 L. 4 , p. 38
0'[,
n. , televisi O'n, L. '2, p. 12 O'n; fO'r; L. 30, p. 269

n. , televisi O'n set, L. 45, p. 405 V. , squat O' n O' ne's heels , L. 12, p. 113
TV drama; SO'ap O'pera, L. 40, AN, rneasure wO'rd fO'r a rneal, L. 46, p. 416
p.363 rnulti-, L. 23 , p. 209
rnO'vie, L. 30, p. 269 adv. , rn O'stly, L. 3, p. 26
n. , rnO'vie theater, L. 37. p. 336 duõ hO' W O'ld (used in a questiO'n) , L. 18,
449
p. 164 n. , respect; aspect; side, L. 2, p. 14
many-sided; in many ways, pattem; fashio n; way, L. 6, p. 56
L. 28 , p. 250 L. 40, p. 361
poke one's nose into
V. , n. , sense of direction, L. 40,
business, L. 26, p. 236 p.361
duõ L. 47, p. 427 n. , dialect, L. 23, p. 208
atÿ. , surplus, L. 26, p. 236 n. , real estate, L. 42, p. 380
duõ zi duõ colorful; V. , prevent; guard against; avoid, L. 17,
p.437 p. 155
V. , visit (forrnally), L. 28, p. 250
E relax L. 30, p. 272
conj. , and; as well (as), furthermore, L. 2,
p.13 V.-O. , set one's mind at rest; feel
n. , children, p. 317 relieved, L. 2, p. 11

n. , ear, L. 16, p. 143 L. 1, p. I
Ring Road , L. 9, p. 78 n.latÿ. , obesity; obese, L. 33, p. 299
L. 46, p. 418
F expenses; costs; L. 34, p. 309
send; send out; give out, L. 37, p. 337 divide; separate; part, L. 11 , p. 101
atÿ. , developed; ßourishing, L. 30, p. 271 V. , be distributed (over an area); be
V. -o., gain weight, L. 33 , p. 298 L. 47, p. 427

bill; receipt, L. 9, p. 80 V.-C. , divide into, L. 39, p. 352
V.-O. , have a fever, L. 5, p. 47 V. , separate; cut up; carve up, L. 48,

V. , occur; take place p.437
L.32, p.289 distribute; allot, L. 27, p. 244
V. , find; discover, L. 3, p. 26 analysis , L. 29, p. 261
v.ln, develop, development, L. 9, p. 79 cemetery. L. 35, p. 317
amount, L. 34, p. 309
country, L.24, p.220 atÿ. , rich; abundant, L. 24, p. 220
L. 32, p. 290 rich, L. 48, p. 436
barbershop; hairdresser's, L. 8, p. 69 landscape, L. 4, p. 39
v. In., translation, L. 48, p. 437 n. , common custOOlS, L. 45 , p. 408
vexation, be vexed; be special flavor; 10ca1 flavor, L. 13,
worried, L. 33 , p. 299 p. 122
adj: , prosperous; ßourishing, L. 17, sewing machine, L. 34, p. 309
p.154 Buddhism, L. 48, p. 436
n., traditional Chinese characters, L. 23 , n. , Buddhist L. 48, p. 437
p.210 (lit.) husband and wife,
V. , oppose; be opposed to; object to, L. 35, L.32, p.290
p.318 n. , married couple, L. 32, p. 289
contrary; instead, L. 33, AN, measure word for painting, L. 10, p. 89
p.299 5ign; notation, L. 31 , p. 280
reflex; mirror, L. 25, p. 227 good fortune , L. 33 , p. 298
n. , restaurant, L. 2, p. 13 n.lv. , service, serve; give
be in ßood; inundate; overrun, p.71
overabundant; unchecked spreading, L. 45, p. 407 n. , 5ervice personnel , L. 4,
dining table, L. dress; clothing, L. 8, p. 70
atÿ. , convenient, L. 2, p. 14
way; method, L. 20, p. 184 corrupt; rotten, L. 47,
450
p.429 L. 5, p.47
L. 19, p. 174 cede, L. 42, p. 379
V. , carry on the back; bear, L. 33, p. 300 V. , keep apart; isolate; L. 28,
burden; load , L. 35, p. 319 p.251
nearby; in the vicinity, L. 4, p. 37 revolution, L. 43 , p. 386
negative, L. 29, p. 261 adj. , each; every, L. 6, p. 56
women (as a noun), L. 32, gèfù Dutch, L. 19, p. 174
p.288 all trades and
rich; wealthy; prosperous, L. 34, L.27, p.244
p.308 adj. , individual; L. 18, p. 164
fÙ V.-O. , be responsible fo r; be every kind of; al1 sorts of,
accountable for, L. 33, p. 300 all kinds 0 (, L. 15, p. 135
a bill , L. 19, p. 174 individual character; personality,
L.48, p.439
G each has his own
should; ought 5, p. 48 strong points, L. 41 , p. 370
V. , change; alter; correct, L. 3 , p. 26 gèyõu idm. , each has his own
change; alter, L. 12, p. 115 shortcomings, L. 41 , p. 372
V.-C. , give up; drop, L. 22, p. 202 all kinds of,
L. 11 , p. 101 p.200
gaigé opening-up and reform show due respect for
policy of Ch ina starting in the late 1970's, L. 11 , somebody's feelings , L. 18, p. 162
p. 101 at all (always
improvement, L. 36, p. 326 used in negative sentences), L. 1, p. 2
improve; make (something) better, adv, even more, more, still more, L. 3, p. 24
L. 46, p. 419 factory, L. 24, p. 219
Bottoms up! , L. 19, p. 172 public; communal, L. 4, p. 37
awkward; embarrassed, gõnggòng bU5, L. 4 , p. 37
p.219 same bus, L. 16,
adj. , clean; neat and tidy, L. 3 , p. 26 p. 142
sense of ..., L. 40, p. 361
gan.bu cannot catch up with, L. 9 , n. , tool; instrument, L. 13, p. 122
p. 79 public; open (places, information,
loosing time; hastily; etc.), L. 32, p. 289
quickly, L. 16, p. 144 n. , utility; material gain, L. 44, p. 397
gan V.-O. , be interested in, L. 43 , p. 387 highway, main road, L. 41 , p. 370
V. , (colloquial) do , L. 39, p. 351 fair; just, L. 29, p. 261
adv. , just, L. 3 , p. 25 n. , manual worker; workman, L. 24,
n. , a post, L. 39, p. 350 p.220
"Hong Kong citizens L. 24, p. 220
govem Hong Kong", L. 42, p. 379 V. , compliment, L. 33, p. 298
n. , the entrance examination for colleges n. , industrialization, L. 35, p. 320
and universities, L. 29, p. 260 4, p. 38
gãosù expressway; freeway, L. 1,
p.3 republic, L. 22, p. 201
adj. , happy, L. 43 , p. 389 contribution, contribute, L. 24,
refined; elegant, L. 26, p. 236 p.221
V. , tell; inform, L. 15 , p. 136 communicate, L. 23 , p. 209
song, L. 15 , p. 134 purchase, L. 36, p. 327
451
AN, measure word for strength, smeIl, etc. , ac(j.ln. , normal,
L. 12, p. 114 p.208
n. , ancient times, L. 14, p. 127 standardized characters, L. 23,
ac(j., classical, L. 30, p. 271 p.208
L. 10, p. 89 5cale; scope; dimensions, L. 17, p. 15S
n. , ancient painting, L. 10, p. 90 regulation; rule, L. 21 , p. 193
gu Jin the ancient and the current ac(j., expensive, L. 6, p. S5
exist simultaneously, L. 26, p. 235
gu jin zhõng idm. , ancient and modem; n. , pot; etc. , L. 7, p. 63
Chinese and foreign; at all times and in all places, national capital, L. 40, p. 360
L. 40, p. 360 intemational, L. 1, p. 1
ancient; age-ol d, L. 1, p. 3 nation, L. 23, p. 209
L. 42, p. 380 National Centre for
fixed; stable, L. 48, p. 439 the Performing L. 40, p. 362
Museum, L. 14, p. 127 National Stadium,
it is true doubt, L. 29, L. 40, p. 362
p.261 National
V.-O. , shave one's beard, L. 8, p. 71 Aquatics Center, L. 40, p. 362
V.-O. , register; send by registered mail, domestic, L. 13 , p. 122
L.4, p.38 condition or of a nation,
conj. , no wonder; 50 that's why, L. 45, p.408
L.6, p.54 n. , Mandarin Chinese, L. 23 , p. 209
observe; watch; survey, L. 13, n. , the nationallanguage; (here) the
p. 122 National Language of China, L. 31 , p. 280
V.-C. , tum off, L. 5, p. 48 as expected; sure enough, L. 44,
ac(j., official, L. 42, p. 380 p.39S
go sightseeing, L. 15, p. 134 V. , pass; cross, L. 4, p. 38
tourist; sightseer, L. 15, V. , spend (time); pass (time duration), L. 9,
p. 134 p.80
of stores, offices, etc.) exceeding, L. 39, p. 351
close, L. 9, p. 80 n. , course; process, L. 28, p. 25 I
notion; idea, L. 27, p. 244 v.ln. , transi t, L. 34, p. 311
relationships, L. 1, p. 3 excessively; over-, L. 29, p. 262
connections; relationships, L. 29, guòjië n. , overhead bridge that goes
p.261 across astreet; overpass, L. 21 , p. 192
n. , shops, L. 8, p. 69 n.ladv. , past, L. 23,
n. , (informal) restaurant, L. 20, p. 183 p.209
V.-C. , spoil, L. 2, p. 13 guò v.-o. , lead a Iife, L. 41 , p. 371
adv. , only; alone; merely, L. 23 , p. 211 be able to have (a high
light, bright, L. 45, p. 405 standard of Iiving), L. 34, p. 311
n. , Guangming Daily
(newspaper), L. 45 , p. 405 H
vast; wide, L. 47, p. 427 children; kid, L. 16, p. 145
radio broadcast, broadcast, L. 23, sea, L. 15, p. 134
p.211 n. , customs, L. 1, p. 1
Province, L. 20, abroad, L. 11 , p. 101
p.183 31 , p. 278
advertisement, L. 22, p. 201 two coasts of
V. , 5troll; go window-shoppin g, L. 10, p. 91 the Taiwan Strait; mainland China and Taiwan,
452
L. 31 , p. 278 adv. , mutually; with each other, L. 44,
V. , harm; damage, L. 45 , p. 407 p.396
hamburger, L. 33, p. 300 L. 9, p. 81
n. , the Han people, L. 47, p. 427 V. , spend or money), L. 16, p. 143
Chinese language, L. 27, p. 243 n.lv. , L. 34, p. 308
Chinese phonetic Huãhuã Playboy, L. 1, p. 2
alphabet, L. 31 , p. 280 spend (money), L. 10, p. 92
characters, L. 23 , p. 210 L. 15, p. 135
n. , aviation. L. 36, p. 327 adj. , magnificent; resplendent, L. 14,
n. , trade; profession. L. 27, p. 244 p.128
in the least, L. 31 , p. 279 n. , Washington , D. C., L. 46,
least, L. 31 , p. 279 p.418
for instance; for example. L. 45, -ize; -ization, L. 37, p. 337
p.408 n. , modem drama; stage p1ay, L. 30,
profit; p.269
p.27 huà idm. , draw a snake and add
quite a few, L. 5, p. 48 feet to it - ruin the by adding something
seem; as if, L. 16, superfluous, L. 26, p. 236
p. 144 n. , topic L. 18, p. 164
adv. , luckily; fortunately, L. 1, p.2 a sense of nostalgia; nostalgic
n. , number, L. 4 , p. 39 good old days ,
mouse; rat, L. 26, p. 236 p.386
V.-O. , drink alcoholic liquor, L. 15 , p. 134 cherish the memory of; think fondly
be drun k, L. 19, p. 172 of, L. 11 , p. 103
n. , river, L. 16, p. 145 V. , welcome; be received favorably ,
reasonable, L. 39, p. 353 L. 37, p. 336

polite; amiable, L. 8, p. 71 huanchéng n. , the roads circling the
properly, proper; appropriate; city; ring road; loop road, L. 40, p. 362
L. 11 , p. 103 n. , environment, L. 7, p. 64
venture, L. 43 , p. 387 V. , change, L. 2, p. 12
dark, L. 14, p. 128 n. , emperor, L. 15 , p. 135
black, L. 16, p. 143 imperial, L. 15, p. 135
seldom, L. 6, p. 54 V. , resume, L. 42 , p. 378
n. , dryer (for drying wet clothes), 18, p. 163
L. 7, p. 62 n.lv. , retum, L. 42, p. 379
traffic light, L. 9, p. 80 V.-O. , retum to one's country, L. 38,
V. , braise in soy sauce, L. 20, p. 184 p.345

monkey, L. 16, p. 145 the Hui people, L. 47, p. 428
a famous lake in Beijing, n. , affair, L. 32,
L. 15, p. 134 p.289
L. 1, p. 2 L. 32, p. 289
L. 29, p. 261 hùnluàn , chaos; in chaos, L. 23 ,
neglect, L. 31 , p. 278 p.210
n. , lake, L. 15, p. 135 (colloquial) work , L. 39, p. 351
Province, L. 20, p. 183 16, p. 142
n. , traditional alleys in Beijing, L. 40, vigor; energy, L. 40, p. 364
p.362 n. , train , L. 13, p. 121
L. 8, p. 71 n. , goods, L. 11 , p. 102
measure word for household , L. 45 , p. 405 or, L. 35, p. 317
453
cargo L. 36, p. 326 the first ofthe ten HeavenJy Stems; used as a
or, L. 18, p. 162 pronoun here meaning "the first person", L. 32,
p.288
J price, L. 10, p. 89
machine, L. 7, p. 62 n. , L. 42, p. 380
n. , chicken, L. 20, p. 184 shallow oil, L. 20, p. 184
fundamenta1 , L. 20, p. 184 V. , insist on; in, L. 6, p. 56
L. 1, p. 1 8, p. 71
n. , foundation , L. 33, p. 301 check; examine; inspect,
adv. , a1most; near1y; practical1y, L. 11 , L.1 , p.3
p. 103 n. , the abbreviated fonn of a name,
n. , opportunity; chance, L. 13, p. 122 L. 20, p. 184
aq;., intense; L. 35 , p. 318 go on weight, L. 33,
make impatient, L. 9, p.298
p. 79 simple and crude, L. 28, p. 250
jfle, extreme1y; very, L. 2, p. 14 alleviate, L. 39, p. 351
cQnj. , even
though; even if, L. 32, p. 289 v. , 22, p. 201
v.laq;., crowd; pack; cram' L. 35 , p. 320 n., simplified Chinese L. 23,
hundreds ofthousands, p.210
p.343 simp1y; virtually, L. 2, p. 13
v. , send; mai1, L. 4, p. 38 V. , bui1d; 17, p. 154
both ...and; as well L.12, gradually, L. 11 , p. 101
p.114 n.laq;., health; physique,
L. 31 , p. 280 p.14
L. 20, p. 184 v. , establish; set up, L. 47, p. 429
project, plan, L. 39, p. 351 V.-O. , meet (somebody), L. 33, p. 298
n. , planned economy, L. 39, construct, construction, L. 36, p.
p.351 326
v. , calculate, L. 27, p. 243 n., building, L. 14, p. 128
n. , computer, L. 27, p. 243 Jiangsu 20, p. 182
v. , continue, L. 38, p. 343 in the future , L. 42, p. 380
memory, L. 29, p. 262 and Zhejiang Provinces;
V. -c., memorize, L. 20 , p. 184 L. 20, p. 182
AN, measure word for business establishments, V. , stress; pay attention to; be about,
L. 8 , p. 69 L.22, p.202
add; put in, L. 11 , p. 102 V.-O. , bargain; haggJe over the price,
home cooking; simpJe meal, L. L.IO, p.89
19, p.173 pay attention to;
v. , (ofbui1dings) extend; expand; add be fastidious about, L. 19, p. 171
bui1ding, L. 17, p. l55 stress on
L. 24, p. 219 p.202
v. , speed up; L. 36, p. 327 V. , reduce; drop; lower, L. 24, p. 221
V. , strengthen; L. 36, p. 328 Jand; descend, L. 1, p. 1
family; household; home, L. 25, p. 227 L. 13, p. 122
L. 38, p. 344 L.
jiãyòng n. , househoJd appliances, L. 7, V. , hand over; deliver, L. 25, p. 228
p.63 interaction, exchange; interchange,
make or become heavier; increase L.28, p.250
the weight of, L. 35 , p. 319 L. 17, p. 154
454
v. , talk with each chat, advance; progress; irnprovement
L. 13 , p. 122 (cannot be followed by an object), L. 12, p. 115
n. , traffic, L. 9, p. 79 adv. , recently, L. 33 , p. 298
jiãotõng trafficjam, L. 9, p. 79 L. 45 , p. 405
contact; association, associate enter; get into, L. 17, p. 154
with , L. 31 , p. 281 L. 28,
n. , corner, L. 44, p. 396 p.251
n. , ang1e; point ofview, L. 3, p. 27 adv. , go a L. 18,
dumpling, L. 20, p. 183 p. 163
called as;call, L. 8, p. 69 adv. , L. 3, p. 26
n. , teaching materia1, L. 30, p. 271 n., classics, L. 30, p. 271
n. , sedan, L. 40, p. 363 n. , economy, L. 24, p. 221
L. 46, p. 416 n. ,
teaching; education; pedagogy, L. 44, Li ne, L. 36, p. 326
p.396 n. , Beijing Opera, L. 40, p. 363
n. , lesson; moral, L. 22, p. 202 L. 40, p. 361
L. 29, p. 260 n. , vigor; vitality; spirit, L. 6, p. 54
V. , rneet; fetch , L. 1, p. 1 be highly proficient in; possess
n. , street, L. 4, p. 38 mastery of, L. 30, p. 271
come into contact with, L. 31 , p. 281 n. , experience, L. 30, p. 271
n. , street, L. 30, p. 270 n. , scenic spot, L. 14, p. 127
(socia1) class, L. 47, p. 429 L. 19, p. 172
street 21 , p. 194 unexpectedly; to one's
accept, L. 28, p. 252 surprise, L. 48, p. 436
street corner; street, L.44, p. 396 nursing horne, L. 35, p. 318
structure, L. 20, p. 185 compete, L. 27 ,
adv.In., as a result, result, L. 5, p. 47 p.244
rnarry; get married, L. 31 , p. 279 adj. , long; for a long time, L. 12, p. 113
n. , (TV, radio, etc.) show; wine; Ii quor, L. 15, p. 134
p.406 L. 15, p. 134
V. , economize; save; use sparingly, L. 7, n. , Jiulong (Kowloon), L. 36, p. 326
p.64 V.-O. , obtain employment, L. 24, p. 220
finish; conclude,
V. , n. , resident, L. 33 , p. 299
Iiberation ofChina in 1949, unexpectedly; to one's surprise, L. 13,
Iiberate; emancipate, L. 30, p. 272 p.121
V. , 1ay off; fire, L. 39, p. 351 reside; dwell, L. 47, p. 428
solve, L. 34, p. 310 n., aspect; situation, L. 28, p. 250
excuse, L. 2, p. 14 V. , hold (an exhibition, contest, etc.), L. 40,
n. , Chinese leaf mustard, L. 20, p. 186 p.362
V. , introduce, L. 46, p. 415 V. , hold (a rneeting, cerernony, etc.), L. 29,
golden yellow, L. 16, p.260
p. 144 reject, L. 18, p. 162
n. , golden monkey, L. 16, p. 144 n. , distance; disparity, L. 36, p. 327
adj. , (said of a financial market) tight; it is said; they say, L. 1, p. 2
tense; high demand , L. 34, p. 310 sentence L. 46, p. 417
adj. , tense; intense; strained, L. 5, p. 48 theater, L. 40, p. 362
c1 ose; near, L. 2, p. 13 v.ln. , decide, decision , L. 8, p. 69
V. , prohibit; ban; forbid , L. 30, p. 272 military affairs , L: 17, p. 155
V. , exert; exhaust, L. 35 , p. 318
455
K slogan; watchword, L. 23 , p. 208
L. 3 , p. 25 n. , trousers, L. 26, p. 235
, V. , drive 1, p. 2 n. , dollar; buck, L. 4 , p. 39
V. , offer L. 44, p. 396 AN, piece; 1ump; chunk, L. 5, p. 46
V. , open; liberalize, L. 11 , p. 101 L. 27, p. 243
V. , open to the public, L. 15, p. 135 adj. , merry; happy, L. 46, p. 415
V.-O. , ho1d a meeting; have a meeting, adj. , fast; L. 35, p. 320
L. 25 , p. 227 chopsticks, L. 7, p. 63
V. -C., adj. , wide; broad, L. 1, p. 3
adj. , wide; spacious. L. 40, p. 362
'V., begin, L. 3, p. 24 mineral spring, L. 6 , p. 55
n. , boiled water, L. 6, p. 55
kãi make fun of, L. 10, adj.ln. , difficulty, L. 3, p. 24
p.90 V. , elCpand, L. 48, p. 438
kàn.bu V.-C. , 100k down upon;
L.39, p.352 1.
n. , view; a way oflooking at a thing, L. V.-O. , diarrhea; have 100se
p. 251 bowe1s, L. 5, p. 46
n.Iv., test; elCamination, take a test, L. n. , garbage; rubbish, L. 22, p. 203
adj. , peppery; hot, L. 20, p. 182
n., roast duck, L. 20, p. 185 communication; re1ations, L. 31 ,
V. , depelld 00; rely on, L. 23 , p. 211 p. 278
adv. , 3, p. L. 16, p. 144
10vab1e; 10ve1y; cute, L. 16, p. 143 n. , gallery; a room or building devoted
adj., shamefu1, ofworks
Col a, L. 33, p. 300 waste; squander, emavagant, L. 6,
probably; maybe, possibility, p.54
n. , labor force , L. 24, p. 220
adv. , it's a pity; it's too bad, L. 8, p. n. , the common people, L. 15,
gratifying; hearteniog, L. 30, p. 272 p. 135
textbook, L. 44, p. 395 n. , shopkeeper; boss, L. 10, p. 89
n. , course; curriculum, L. 44, p. 397 n. , (colloquial) husband, L. 11 , p.
objective, L. 41 , p. 371 L. 16, p. 144
n. , client; customer, L. 36, p. elderly; senior
guest, L. 19, p. 171 L. 35 , p. 317
polite civilities, L. 19, p. (colloquial) wife,
456
V. -o., (ofmen) get a haircut; (ofwomen) go n. , hotel, L. 2, p. 13
hairdresser's, L. 8, p. 69 L. 9, p. 81
etiquette, L. 19, p. 174 IOxíng traveler's
V. , L. 26, p. 236 p.81
n. , courtesy; politeness, L. 18, p. 164 in disorder; in a 8, p. 69
present; gi ft, L. 24, p. 219 adv. , randomly; arbitrarily, L. 22, p. 203
a<fj.ln. , ideal, L. 23, p. 209 luàn finding order in
adv.la<fj., terribly, terrible; severe, L. 9,
p. 78 V. , mention; regard; consider, L. 19, p. 170
adj. , sharp; fierce , capable, L. 25, p. 228 a<fj., backward, L. 17, p. 154
adv. , immediately; at once; right away, L. 31 ,
p.280 M
n. , history, historical, L. 17, p. 153 acfj. , troublesome; inconvenient, L. 7,
n. , example, L. 31 , p. 280 p.63
inexpensive; cheap, L. 24, bother; to trouble somebody, L. 9,
p.220 p.80
lian…döu even, L. 9, p. 79 road; street; avenue, L. 21 , p. 192
a<fj., low-priced; cheap, L. 24, p. 220 toilet, L. 12, p. 113
V. , connect, L. 36, p. 326 L. 2, p. 12
integrate; li nk, L. 36, p. 328 cannot afford, L. 10, p. 90
V. , associate; connect in the mind , L. 43 , v.ln., buy and sell, trade, L. 34, p. 310
p.388 n. , McDonald's, L. 43 , p. 388
n. , (said ofpeople or animals) L. 5, p. 47 n. , steamed bun, L. 20, p. 183
Iiàn V.-O. , practice L. 33 , p. 299 a<fj., satisfied; pleased, L. 35, p. 319
n. , lovers (used only to describe people, n. , Manchuria, L. 47, p. 429
not to address them) , L. 14, p. 128 n. , the Man (Manchu) people, L. 41,
practice, exercise, L. 13, p. 122 p.428
a<fj., L. 6, p. 55 a<fj.Iv., busy, be fully occupied, L. 31, p. 335
V. , air dry; dry in the sun, L. 7, p. 62 busy, L. 14, p. 129
V. , \ight; brighten; shine, L. 15, p. 135 L. 37, p. 335
AN, measure word for cars, L. 17, p. 154 cat, L. 26, p. 237
chat, L. 8, p: 71
V. -O., n. , dime, L. 4, p. 39
understand, L. 22, p. 203 n. , hair (of ani ma1s); fur, L. 16, p. 144
n. , small change, L. 12, p. 115 n. , contradiction; cont1ict, L. 28, p. 252
lìng, the other; another, L. 3, p. 27 towel , L. 2, p. 12
in addition; moreover; L. 22, p. 200
L. ll , p. 103 méi unexpectedly, L. 6, p. 55
V. , stay; remain; keep, L. 38, p. 344 n., "beautify-hair store" -
n. , Liulichang, L. 30, p. 270 barbershop; hairdresser's, L. 8, p. 69
V. , run washed away, L. 38, V. , beautify, L. 46, p. 416
p.344 n. , U.S. dollar, L. 9 , p. 81

Ii úxíng, be prev a1ent; be popular, L. 35 , p. 317 hot and suffocating; muggy, L. 14,
n. , foreign student, L. 2, p. 13 p.129
V.-O. , take a stroll with one's caged gate; doorway;
bird , L. 14, p. 128 p. 192
n. , story; floor; a multi-storied bui\ding, L. 9, entrance ticket; admission ticket,
p.81 L. 14, p. 127
AN, route, L. 4, p. 37 n. , riddle; conundrum, L. 26, p. 236
on the way, L. 13, p. 122 rice, L. 20, p. 183
457
adj.ladv. , close, careful1y; closely; intently, 1am t1 attered; It is nothing. (used as a polite
L. 44, p. 397 L. 19, p. 110
adj. , "exempt-charge"; free of so, L. 23, p. 211
free , L. 12, p. 114 16, p. 145
adv. , reluctantly; grudgingly, L. 32, n. , south, L. 4, p. 38
p.290 adv. , Could it
n. , noodle, L. 5, p. 46 the L. 36, p. 326
v. , face; confront (actively), L. 39, Southemer, L. 20, p. 183
p.353 L. 37, p. 336
(the product ofthe length times boy, L. 25, p. 226
the width), L. 36, p. 328 hard to avoid,
be faced with; be confronted L.43, p.389
L.38, p.344 nánnO n. , men and women, young
miànqián, postp. , in the face of; in front of, L. 18, and old, L. 11 , p. 101
p. 164 somc spcak
n. , wheat-based food , L. 20, p. 182 southem accents and some with
noodle, L. 20, p. 183 L.23 , p.208
L. 18, p. 162 L. 25, p. 228
the Republic ofChina (1912- ifs hard to say; you
present, the govemment moved to Taiwan in 1949), L. 19, p. 174
L.30, p.270 n., brain, L. 3, p. 25
a people; rationality, brains; mental capability, L. 39, p. 352
L.47, p.427 mind, L. 46, p. 419
n., first name, L. 4, p. 39 of onesel f,
aqj.lv., obvious, know; L.26, p.237
understan d, L. 20, p. 186 undershorts, L. Î , p. 62
noun , L. 20, p. n. , lmler Mongoli a,
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), content, L. 45, p. 406
L. 10, p. 89 n. , underwear; undergarments, L. 7, p. 62
gUjì, of scenic beauty adj., able; capable; competent, L. 25,
historic interest, L. 48, p. 437 p.227
aqj. , evident; obvious, L. 34, p. 308 ability; capabi1ity, L. 29, p. 262
n. , postcard, L. 4, p. 40 Iight; neon tube, L. 15,
n. , clash (between two parties); friction , p.135
L.35, p.320 satiating; greasy, L. 33, p. 300
aqj. , L. 43, p. 387 decade, age; era, L. 22, p. 201
human figure used to display clothes L. 19, p. 170
or other merchandise; modeI, L. 8, p. 70 age, L. 35, p. 317
40, p. 361 aqj. , young, L. 11 , p. 100
last stage, L. 30, p. 270 V. , read a1oud, L. 44, p. 395
last phase; final L. 31 , p. 278 Bird's Nest, L. 40, p. 362
adj. , strange; unfamiliar, L. 11 , p. 100 you (poIite form) , L. 2, p. 14
aqj. , female (used for animal), L. 16, p. 144 would rather, L. 7, p. 63
love, L. 16, p. n. , beef, L. 5, p. 46
she-monkey, L. 16, p. 144 L. 43, p. 388
t. W. , now; at present, L. 13 , p. 122 New YOrk, L. 46, p. 418
n. , countryside; rural area, L. 23 , p. 211
N n. , farmer, L. 39, p. 352
v. , seize; capture, L. 26, p. 236 n. , agriculture, L. 43, p. 388
458
with great effort, L. 2, p. 14 L. 22, p. 200
n. , girl, L. 25, p. 226 adj. , common; ordinary, L. 27, p. 243
n. , woman , L. 25, p.228 equal, equality, L. 11 , p. 101
n. , (a for a woman, married or adv./adj. , average, L. 45, p. 406
unmarried) lady; madam, L. 11 , p. 101 TV screen, L. 23 , p. 210
L. 34, p. 308 adv. , ordinari1y; normally, L. 14, p. 129
and steady; stable, L. 42,
p.380
oh (indicating understanding), L. 10, n. , plain; f1 at1 ands, L. 47, p. 428
p.89 adj. , widespread; general; common, L. 7,
Europe, L. 24, p. 220 p.62
v./adj. , be popularize, L. 45,
p p.405
V.-O. , climb mountains, L. 33, p. 299 common; ordinary, L. 23, p. 208
fear; be afraid of, L. 4, p. 38 speech of
take (photos, movies, etc.); shoot, L. 16, the Chinese language), L. 23 , p. 208
p. 144
v.-O. , line up; form a line, L. 7, p. 62
sign, L. 22, p. 200 Q
V. , dispatch; send, L. 1, p. 1 n. , wife, L. 32, p. 289
n. , plate; L. 7, p. 63 V. , ride (an animal or a bicycle), L. 9, p. 79
n. , side; by the side of; nearby, L. 4, strange; awkward; weird, L. 19,
p.40 p. 174
v./adj. , become fat; fat, L. 33 , p. 298 n. , miracle; wonder; achievemen t,
plump person, L. 33 , L. 17, p. 153
p.298 n. , ancient names for Shandong, L. 20,
L. 14, p. 128 p. 183
brew, L. 6, p. 55 adv. , actually; in fac t, L. 11 , p. 103
V.-O. , make tea, L. 6, p. 55 else, L. 30, p. 269
n. , indemnity; reparations, L. 42, p. 378 rise; grow, L. 21 , p. 193
money (in business qì .bù unable to rise, L. 21 , p. 193
L. 46, p. 415
V. , admire; have respect n. , enterprise; industry; business, L. 43,
n./v.-o. , dubbing, dub, L. 40, p. 364 p.387
v.-C. , run into; meet, L. 19, p. 173 V.-O. , be effective; have effect,
V. , criticize, L. 29, p. 262 L. 21 , p. 193
beer, L. 15, p. 136 n. automob i1 e; motor vehicle; car, L. 4,
for example; such L. 26, p. 236 p, 37
adj. , remote; faraway , L. 36, p. 327 n. , qigong, a system of deep breathing
inexpensive; cheap, L. 10, p. 91 exercises, L. 33, p. 299
ticket, L. 16, p. 143 V.-O. , sign, L. 9, p. 81
n. , phonetic transcription , L. 31 , p. 280 mil1 ion, L. 14, p. 129

pín fù bù wealth; around the time of ..., L. 42, p. 380
gap between rich and emphasize; stress, L. 29, p. 262
V. ,
n. , table tennis; force; compel; coerce, L. 28, p. 252

L.28, p.250 vie for; scramble for , L. 19,
adj. , flat; smooth; level, L. 1, p. 3 p.174
L. 6, p. 55 n. , bridge, L. 44, p. 395
acý: , safe and sound; without mishap, adj. , coincidental; fortuitous , L. 10, p. 92
459
chocolate, L. 33, p. 300 \1., urge; advise; L. 19, p. 171
n. , eggplant, L. 20, p. 185 urge (the guest)
invade, L. 17, p. to eat, L. 19, p. 171
n. , Qi n Dynasty (221-206 B.C.), L. 17, urge (the
p.155 guest) to drink, L. 19, p. 171
n. , Qin Shi Huang; First Emperor defect; L. 29,
(259-210 B.C.), L. 17, p. 154 p.262
(saìd of age) young; smal1 in number, be short of, L. 29, p. 261
L. 19, p. 171 but; yet; however, L. 3, p. 25
the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), really; indeed, L. 34, p. 310
L. 30, p.270
Qinghaì Province, L. 36, R
p.326 conj. , yet; but; however, L. 28, p. 251
L. 20, p. 184 a110w, L. 1, p. 2
\1., stir-fry without soy yield, L. 21 , p. 192
p. 185 hot, L. 2, p. 12
(of a live1y; bustling with
Qingmò the end years of the Qing noise and excitement, L. 15, p. 134
Dynasty and the beginning years ofthe Republic of n.!adj. , enthusiasm; warmth, warm;
China, L. 30, p. 270 enthusiastic; warmhearted, L. 19, p. 171
Iight; 15 , p. 136 therrnos L. 6, p. 55
Qinghai-Tibet(Railway) person of
Li ne, L. 36, p. 326 L. 38, p. 343
\1., steam in clear soup (usually n. , interpersonal relationship,
without soy L. 20, p. 184 L.48, p.439
L. 21 , p. 194 population, L. 14, p. 129
n. , situation, L. 19, p. 174 n. , human being, L. 17, p. 153
n. , feeling; sentiments, L. 43 , p. 386 labor, L. 17, p. 155
ask for leave, L. 5, p. 46 L. 22, p. 201
\1.-0. , invite somebody to dinner; n. , RMB; Renminbi, Chinese
entertain guests, L. 19, p. 171 unìt, L. 9, p. 80
(polite) excuse me; may 1 n. , human 28, p. 251
ask you? , L. 4, p. 37 huge crowds of peop1e,
L. 10, p. 90 L. 14, p. 127
n. , poor L. 46, p. 416 the number ofpeople, L. 32, p. 288
qiúduì, n. , ball team, L. 28, p. 250 personage; (in a noveJ ,
qiújì, n. , ball-playing skills, L. 28, p. 250 etc.), L. 10, p. 9 1.
regiona1 f1 ag, L. 42, p. 380 n., personnel; staff
\1., replace, L. 34, p. 310 member, L. 39, p. 351
n. , place; resort; site, L. 14, p. 129 bear, L. 32, p. 289
n. , fun; interest, L. 40, p.364 any; whichever; whatever, L. 14,
adj. , who1e; entire; tota1 , L. 22, p. 202 p.127
; rights , L. 28, p. 251 know (Chinese characters, a person or
completely; entirely, L. 30, place); be familíar with, L. 11 , p. 100
p.269 \1., realize; understand;
n. , "all house happiness;" a comprehend; L. 27, p. 244
hodgepodge of ingredients cooked together in one hold, L. 3, p. 26
pot, L. 20, p. 186 n., Japan , L. 44, p. 397
adj. , brand-new, L. 48, p. 439 rìcháng daily Iife , L. 7, p. 63
460
rìxin idm. , change passing p.300
day, L. 48 , p. 440 business, L. 22,
n. , daily necessities, L. 34, p. 309 p.201
n. , day; date, L. 41 , p. 371 '1., commercial business, L. 22,
melting pot, L. 47, p. 430 p.201
looks, \1., go to; be engaged (in work, study, etc.) at
L. 8, p. 70 a fixed time, L. 3, p. 24
easy, L. 6, p. 55 go to work, L. 41 , p. 372
meat, L. 5, p. 46 V.-O. , go
n. , julienne meat; shredded meat (unless p.113
otherwise specified, this usually refers to pork on a \1.-0. , get in (a car); get on (a
menu), L. 20, p. 185 train), L. 9, p.80
if; supposing that, L. 20, p. 185 be taken in; be fooled , L. 10,
n. , L. 16, p. 143 p.92
rùxiãng idm., after entering a Shanghai, L. 36, p. 327
fo l1ow its custorns; "When in Rome, do as the (said ofseasonal
Romans do.", L. 19, p. 174 products) go market, L. 34, p. 310
start school; enter school, L. 29, \1. -0. , get on or log on to the lnternet,
p.260 L. 37, p. 336
\1. -0. , take one' s seat at a banquet, \1.-0., go to work and get off
ceremony, etc. , L. 19, p. 171 work, L. 41 , p. 372
n. , soft bunk (on a train), L. 13 , p. 121 garment, L. 15, p. 136
seat ofhonor, L. 19, p. 170
S n. , spoon; ladle, L. 7, p. 63
sãndài idiom, three generations a4f.!n., smal1 nurnber; few; minority,
Iiving under the same roof (part of the "big family" L.44, p.396
system in old China), L. 35, p. 319 minority, L. 47, p. 427
n. , three-wheel cart, L. 40, p. 363 a 4f., luxurious; extravagant, L. 41 , p. 371
n. , three kinds delicacies, L. 20, shè, set up; L. 24, p. 220
p. 186 equipment; 8, p. 70
V.-o. , take a walk; go for a walk, L. 15, L. 11 , p. 103
p.134 design, L. 40, p. 360
L. 45 , p. 406 it; establish, L. 27, p. 243
mountain, L. 17, p. 154 penetrating; profound, L. 16,
n. , mountain bike, L. 43 , p. 388 p. 144
Shãndõng, n. , Shandong Province, L. 20, p. 183 n. , depth, L. 48, p. 438
landscape painting, L. 10, V. , apply 38, p. 343
p.89 \1., go deep into, L. 23 , p. 211
Province, L. 13, p. 121 '1., body; L. 3, p. 25
n. , market; L. Il, \1., extend; stretcll, L. 40, p. 360
p.102 god; deity; divinity, L. 17, p. 153
'1., 8tore; shop, L. 2, p. 13 and so on; and what not, L. 20,
injure; harm (in an abstract p. 184
L. 32, p. 290 even, L. 21 , p. 193
'1., commodity; merchandise, L. 24, V. , give birth to; bear, L. 25 , p. 226
p.221 n. , new word , L. 46, p. 417
'1., commerci aI ized housing, v./n. , production (for
L. 34, p. 310 concrete nouns), L. 47, p. 428
businessman; merchant, L. 33, a4f., Iively; vivid , L. 26, p. 235
461
n. , life, L. 6 , p. 56 V. , be suitable fo r; be appropriate for,
L. 13 , p. 121 p. 428
V.-O. , get angry; be offended by; be V. , suit; adapt; get with it,
angry at, L. 16, p. 143 a fee; charge, L. 12, p. 115
a higher level of school, V. , watch (television), L. 23, p. 211
L. 35, p. 317 n. , income, L. 32, p. 289
n. , province, L. 20, p. 182 V. , Iisten to (radio broadcast), L. 23,
of a province, L. 20, p. 184 p. 211
V. , be left (over); remain , L. 43, p. 387 V. , in and bring up , L. 25,
n. , a tenn used to address a skilled p.226
craftsman such as a taxi driver, shoemaker, chef, radio, L. 34, p. 309
L. 8, p. 71 L. 34, p. 309
and L.l , p.l
L. 30, p. 271 n. , ceJl ular phone, L. 37, p. 335
L. 32, p. 289 skill; craftsmansbip; workmanship,
V. , be disappointed, L. 43 , p. 389 L. 19, p. 173
V. , lose job, L. 24, p. 220 fingemail , L. 8, p. 71
L. 16, p. 144 receive; suffer, L. 6, p. 55
n. , jet Iag; time difference, L. 1, p. 3 V. , receive takes a verb as an
era; times , L. 17, p. 154 object), L. 11 , p. 101
actually; in reality, actual; real , V. , sell, L. 11 , p. 102
L. 20, p. 186 L. 33, p. 299
n. , (time) period, L. 43 , p. 386 shòu .bu cannot stand (or
shíqi dian èr, L.45, p. 405 L. 12, p. 113
adv. , often; all the time, L. 21 , p. 192 receive (usuaily take a verb as
n. , dining hail, L. 2, p. 13 object), L. 30, p. 272
L. 33 , p. 300 saiesclerk; sbop
shíyèiu idm. , ín eight or níne cases out L. 11 , p. 102
often; most likely, L. 48, p. 436 V.-O. , be cheated; be deceíved, L. 46,
adv. , realIy; honestIy; indeed, L. 19, p.417
p. 172 v.-o. , endure bardships, tortures, rough
n. , (suffix) ... history, L. 17, p. 153 condition, etc.; have a hard time, L. 6 , p. 55
V. , enable; make, L. 24, p. 221 L. 34, p. 309
use; make use of; apply, L. 26, p. 235 n., bookstore, L. 30, p. 269
market, L. 10, p. 91 comfortable, L. 1, p. 3
shìchang market economy, L. 39, booklist, L. 30,
p.350 p.271
n. , century, L. 22, p. 201 adj.ln. , L. 41 ,
n. , world , L. 10, p. 89 p. 371
n. , citizen; urban dweller, L. 12, p. 114 write, L. 23, p. 210
L. 3, p. 26 L. 26, p. 237
downtown area; urban district, L. 17, v. , (ín writing) set up; establish, L. 22, p. 202
p. 154 L. 36, p. 326
n. , fact , L. 46 , p. 418 shù foster healthy tendencies, L. 22,
n. , thing; object, L. 44, p. 396 p. 202
n. , general affaírs, L. 44, p. 397 shuãil
462
n. , double roo m, L. 2, p. 11 V. , shorten, L. 36, p. 327
Water Cube, L. 40, p. 362 narrow; reduce; L. 36, p. 328
L. 28, p. 250 measure word for school and hospi ta\,
V. , level, L. 24, p. 221 L.22, p.200
asleep, L. 1, p. 3 so-called , L. 34, p. 309
smooth; successful, L. 2 , p. 11 n. is usually followed
V.-C. , talk about, L. 46, p. 418 L. 11 , p. 100
shuõ.fa , wording; way of saying a thing, L. 31 , location, L. 48, p. 440
p.280
V. , explain; show, L. 23, p. 209 T
n. , driver, L. 9 , p. 78 it (for inanimate objects or
n. , private 9 , p. 79 L. 17, p. 153
Simatai, place name, 120 km AN, measure word for machines, L. 45, p. 405
of Beijing, where the Ming Changcheng L. 11 , p. 101
is located, L. 17, p. 154 a kind of traditional
18, p. 164 Chinese shadow boxing, L. 14, p. 128
thinking, L. 48, p. 439 n. , the Pacific O cean, L. 44,
thought, L. 22, p. 203 p.397
V. , rote memorizing, L. 29, Mrs. , L. 1I, p. 102
p.261 tãn .de v.-c., get along weIl, L. 2, p. 11
adv. , extremely; ...to death , L. 9 , p. 79 date (someone); be in love,
four big things , L. 34, p. 309 L. 14, p. 128
four directions, L. 40, p. 360 n. , candy; sugar, L. 33 , p. 300
sì ren zhi one L. 41 , p. 371 the Tang Dynasty, L. 48, p. 437
a traditional Chinese-style V. , Iie; recline, L. 16, p. 143
compound with rooms around L. 40, AN, measure word for a trip, L. 42, p. 380
p.361 through selection or
adv. , as if; seemingly, L. 8, p. 70 competition; render obsolete; die out; fall into
n. , temple (The measure word is 1t.), L. 35, p. 318
L.40, p.360 V. , discuss, L. 31 , p. 278
adj. , loose; slack, L. 1, p. 3 especially, special , L. 2 , p. 12
V. , walk (somebody);
L. 19, p. 172 Administrative Region, L. 42, p. 380
V. , give (a present), L. 24, p. 219 n. , speciallocal product, L. \3, p. 122
Song Dynasty, L. 47, p. 429 trait, L. 11 , p. 103
n. , common saying; proverb, L. 26, p. 235 distinguishing feature,
speed, L. 48, p. 438 L. 11, p. 103
dormitory, L. 1, p. 3 gpecial, L. 21 , p. 194
V. , be considered as; be adj. , specific; characteristic, L. 21 , p. 194
L. 41 , p. 371 ache, sore; painful, L. 5, p. 46
do as one pleases; do at will , L. 19, n. , T-shirt, L. 43, p. 388
p. 170 advocate; promote, L. 23 , p. 209
carelessly, L. 22, p. 203 V-C. , put forward; advance; raise, L. 22,
L. 22, p. 200 p.202
adv. , "follow-persofil;" on one's mention , L. 46, p. 415
person; with, L. 12, p. 115 V. , raise; heighten; increase, L. 24, p. 221
conj. , along with; in the wake of, L. 28, V. , offer; provide; supply, L. 3, p. 26
p.252 title; topic, L. 22, p. 203
n. , (age unit) . ..years old, L. 33, p. 298 V.-C. , mention; speak of, L. 43 , p. 388
463
shift to an earlier time, ahead of use; current, L. 42,
schedule; beforehand, 1. 39, p. 350 p.380
n. , physical L. 39, p. 352 sympathize, sympathy, L. 37,
attracting respect on account of a p.335
wea1thy or proper appearance, L. 39, p. 352 adv. , at the same lime; in the meantime,
v. , embody; reflect; give expression to, L. 27, p. 243
L.29, p.261 fellow worker,
physica1 education; sports, L. 28, p. 251 p.227
n., stadium, L. 40, p. 362 roommate, L. 2, p. 11
o
An Men; Gate of agree; approve, L. 18, p. 162
Heavenly L. 22, p. 201 comrade, L. ll , p. 100
Ti anjin, 1. 44, p. 395 statistics, add
n. , weather, L. 2, p. 12 p.405
the Temple ofHeaven, L. 40, p. 360 n. !v., govemance, rule; govern, L. 42,
n. , heaven; paradise, p.379
in (a form) , L. 4, p. 39 hair, L. 8, p. 69
sweet, L. 20, p. 182 n. , brains; mind not used
AN, measure word for things narrow and long, physical brain.), L. 3, p. 25
L.4, p.38 v.ln. , invest, investment, L. 36, p. 326
n. , condition,1. 2, p. 12 n. , library, L. 30, p. 271
L. 48 , p. 439 librarian, L. 30, p. 271
challenge, L. 39, p. 350 adj. , rustic; lacking in social graces or polish,
L. 14, p. 128 L. 8, p. 70
v. , paste; stick; glue, L. 38, p. 343 n. , land, L. 36, p. 328
n. , "iron rice bowl" - a secure tÌÍlltan , spit; expectorate, L. 22, p. 200
L.27, p.243 vomit, L. 5, p. 46
n., railroad, L. 36, p. 326 v. , unite; rally, L. 22, p. 202
v. , be told; hear of; 2, p. 13 tui chén chü idm., weed out the old to
stop, L. 21 , p. 192 bring forth the new, L. 48, p. 440
park(one's car), 1. 41 , p. 370 V. , decline (a position, favor, etc. out of
v. , park; place (a car or a bicycle), 1. 22, modesty), L. 19, p. 171

p.203 tuïxíng, out; practice, L. 23, p. 209
adv. , very; quite, L. 19, p. 174 n. , leg, L. 12, p. 113
passageway, L. 21 , p. 193 V. , retîre, L. 39, p. 350
v. , pass; pass through; L. 1, V. , take off; cast 26, p. 235

p.l Test ofEnglish as a Foreign
pass; be (in a test) , L. 29, Language, L.38, p.343
p.261
by means of; by way of, L. 44, w
p.398 n. , foreign country, L. 3, p. 27
v. , intermarry (between countries, dîplomacy; foreìgn affaìrs , L. 28,
races , social classes, etc. The p.250
usually do not refer to individuals, but to a class of outside; extemal; foreìgn , L. 44,
L. 47, p. 430 p.396
n. !v., communîcatîon, communicate by outflow; drain, L. 38, p. 344
letter, L. 37, p. 336 foreign affairs office, L. 1, p. 1
current (practice); general foreign language, L. 44, p. 395
(practice), L. 44, p. 396 foreign capital, L. 43 , p. 387
464
completion, complete, L. 36, no matter what, how, etc.;
ot: L. 11 , p. 100
adj. , intact; whole, L. 40, p. 360 n. , aftemoon nap, L. 6 , p. 54
ANln. , bowl, L. 5, p. 46 V.-O. , Chinese dragon dance, L. 43,
later years, L. 35, p. 319 p.388
V. , go to bed late, L. 3, p. 24 lion dance, L. 43 , p. 388
adv. , (written) do not, L. 22 , p. 200
covers a totallength of over 8851 kilometers, L. 17, n. Iv., misunderstanding, misunderstand,
p.153 L.31 , p.279
Iive, L. 22, p. 201 idm. , excellent quality at low
Beijing's most prices - a bargain buy, L. 24, p. 221
farnous
in the direction of; towards, L. 4, p. 38 X
Intemet, L. 37, p. 336 west, L. 4, p , 38
adv. , 11 , p. 103 L. 47, p. 428
V. , forget, L. 26, p. 236 rice or millet gruel; porridge, L. 20,
precarious point, p. 183
adj. , 21 , p. 192 n. , watermelon, L. 5, p. 46
surround; enclose, L. 28, p. 250 westemization, L. 48, p. 438
V. , sustain; keep; maintai n, L. 32, p. 289 n. , broccoli, L. 20, p. 185
upkeep , L. 17, p. 154 n. , southwest, L. 47, p. 428
mighty, L. 16, p. 145 v./n., hope; wish, L. 21 , p. 193
for, L. 12, p. 114 attract, L. 38, p. 345
n. , taste; f1 avor, L. 34, p. 309 n. , Tibet, L. 36, p. 326
for; for the sake of; in order to, v./n. , be accustomed to; be used to,
L. 16, p. 142 custom, L. 3 , p. 24
adj. , hygienic; sanitary, L. 12, p. 113 V. , wash, L. 3, p. 24
n. , toilet paper, L. 12, p. 114 n. , sink (in a 12, p. 114
adj. , warm , L. 34, p. 308 V.-O. , wash one's hair, hair,
adequately fed and clothed, L. 34, L. 8, p. 7I
p.308 V.-O. , clean the dishes (after a
V. , smell , L. 12, p. 114 p.63
Cultural Revolution (an abbreviation dishwasher, L. 7 , p. 63
L. 43 , p. 386 n. , washing machine, L. 7, p. 62
culture, L. 19, p. 174 V.-O. , have a bath; bathe, L. 3 , p. 24
civilization; culture, L. 22, p. 202 shrimp, L. 20, p. 185
n. , cultural relic; historical relic , L. 48, V. , step down , L. 39, p. 350
p.437 get offwork, L. 41 , p. 372
n. , literature, L. 30, p. 271 v.-O. , get out of (a car), L. 9 , p. 80
mosquito, L. 5, p. 47 v.-o. , be laid off, be fired , L. 39, p. 350
stable (only modify abstract
nouns) , L. 27, p. 244 V.-O. , play chess, L. 14, p. 128
trouble; problem; question , L. 5, p. 47 2 , p. 12
To your health! , L. 19, p. 172 n. , Mr. , L. 1, p. 1
po((ution, pollute, L. 41 , p. 370 n. , husband, L. 31 , p. 278
(written) there is no, L. 31 , p. 279 adv. , obviously; clearly, L. 17, p. 154
adj. , silly; stupid, bored; 45 , county, L. 23 , p. 209
p.407 modem, modemization,
L. 1, p. 3
465
n. , cash, L. 9, p. 81 fiction; novel, L. 30, p. 271
envy, L. 41 , p. 372 n. , vendor's L. 15, p. 136
n. , reality; actuality, L. 45, p. 407 n. , elementary school. L. 22, p. 200
n. , phenomenon, L. 23 , p. 209 ridicule; laugh at, L. 25, p. 227
V. , Ii mi t, L. 38, p. 344 L. 25, p.
n. , Hunan L. 20, p. 182 show filial piety,
adv. , L. 25 , n.. campus, L. 2, p. 13
p.226 metaphorical or
L. 8. p. 70 allegorical
n.. Hong Kong, L. 11, p. 101
mutual; each other. L. 28. p. 252 weJl..çoordinated, L. 40, p. 363
same; n..
p.174 L. 24. p. 219
V. , believe, L. 31 , p. 281 n. , way ofwriting,
L. 18. newly.... L. 36, p. 327
p. 162 n. , (in writing) new practice; new
luggage; box; case; trunk; suitcase, L.22, p.202
L. 24. p.219 n. , Singapore, L. 38, p. 344
V. , conjure up all kinds of Xinjiang, L. 47, p. 428
methods, L. 33, p. 299 v.. enjoy; appreciate, L. 40, p. 363
V. , enjoy, L. 24 , p. 221 news, L. 23, p. 210
ease and comfort; enjoyment. new; novel; fres h. L. 19, p. 174
enjoy, L. 41. p. 371 n. , envelope, L. 4, p. 39
imagine, imagination, L. 1, p. 3 n., inforrnation; message. L. 22, p. 202
from , L. 6, p. 56 L. 42, p. 380
n. , statue; L. 17, p. 153 faith; conviction, L. 47, p. 428
towards , L. 39, p. 351
progress; go at/j., excited. L. 1, p. 3
p.200 n. , gorill a, L. 16, p. 144
n. , traditional Chinese comic v.. forrn; take shape. L. 48. p. 439
dialogue, L. 40, p. 363 n. , luggage; baggage, L. 1, p. 2
n./v. , symbol, symbolize, L. 17, n. , pedestri an, L. 12, p. 114
V. , (of a vehicle. ship, etc.)
consumption, L. 34, p. 308 L. 40, p. 363
v. , consume; expend; L. 34, V. , perforrn; exercise, L. 42, p. 378
p.309 forrn, L. 31. p. 281
V. , eliminate; abolish; exterrninate; wipe v.. wake up; sober up, L. 3, p. 25
out, L. 47 , p. 429 n.. sumame. L. 4, p. 39
disappear, L. 43, p. 388 full name, L. 4 , p. 39
n. , small parcel, L. 4, p. 39 interest, L. 29. p. 261
n. , snack; refreshments, L. 13, p. 122 n. , panda habitat; panda exhibit,
n. , tip; gratuity, L. 8, p. 72 L. 16, p. 143
n. , kid; child, L. 33 , p. 298 v.. repair; mend. L. 17, p. 155
baby monkey, L. 16, p. 145 V. , rest; have a rest, L. 5, p. 46
Miss, L. 11 , p. 100 at/j, recreational. L. 14. p. 128

at/j., (said of a family or society) v./n. , need; want; require, L. 3, p. 25
comparatively well-off, L. 34, p. 308 n./v. , propagand a, propagandize,
mistress; concubine, L. 43 , L. 23, p. 211
p.388 v.. select; L. 20, p. 183
466
V. , imitate; mimic, L. 6, p. 55 clothes hanger; coat hanger, L. 7, p. 62
V.-C. , leam, L. 3, p. 27 depend on, L. 32, p. 288
n. , semester; school term, L. 46, p. 415 yi shí zhù idm., "clothing, food , shelter
n. , leaming; academic, L. 28, p. 251 30d transportation" - the four basic necessities of
study, L. 2, p. 13 L. 40, p. 362
n. , scholar; leamed man, L. 30, p. 270 n. , hospital, L. 5, p. 48
training, train , L. 29, p. 261 yíbù step by step, L. 18, p. 163
definitely, p. 26
y L. 18, p. 163
duck, L. 20, p. 184 the Summer Palace, L. 14, p. 127
yãlì, pressure, L. 35, p. 318 together, L. 18, p. 163
L. 42, p. 378 one side; one aspect, L. 14, p. 129
n. , all; every; everything, L. 2, p. 11
L.42, p.378 L. 48, p. 436
V. , oppress; repress, adv. , alway5; all along, L. 25, p. 226
n. , As ia, L. 44, p. 397 again and again; repeatedly, L. 19,
a4f., severe; stern, L. 1, p. 2 p. 172
consider; discuss; study, L. 18, p. 163 the second often Heavenly
L. 38, p. 343 peßon, L.32, p.288
yánjiüsheng n. , graduate school, L. 38, (used in writing), L. 33 , p. 301
p.343 (a given point or line),
on public affairs; speech, L. 34, p. 308
L.30, p.272 take A as B; regard A as B, L.
L. 30, p. 271 p.320
a4f., (said of iIIness, serious, V. , mistakenly think, L. 3, p. 26
L.9, p.79 under (a given point or line),
L. 16, p. 143 L.45 , p.408
westem; foreign , L. 48, p. 436 general; common, L. 34, p. 309
n. , foreign yÌbãn lái adv. , generally speaking, L. 3,
(archaic) p.26
L. 48, p. 436 people, L. 46, p. 416
a4f., in 30 ostentatious Western style; yÌbiãnr A A - it!.JL B, conj. , doing A
stylish, L. 8, p. 70 while doing B; doing A as doing B, L. 44, p. 395
foreigner (non-Chinese), L. 48, yìguó n. , one two systems,
p.436 L. 42, p. 379
n. , mutton cubes roasted on a n. , of one fam i1y or cl 3O, L. 47, p. 429
skewer; kebab , L. 15, p. 136 opinion; view, L. 18, p. 162
n. , balcony; patio, L. 7, p. 62 yìju liìíng idm. , kill two birds with one
L. 20, p. 185 5tone, L. 44, p. 395
L. 30, p. 270 yìmú a4f.. exact1y alike, L. 10, p. 92
cashew, L. 20, p. 185 me3O ing, L. 11 , p. 101
n. , L. 18, p. 162 n. , subject under discussion; issue, L. 43 ,
otherwise; or else, L. 26, p.387
p.237 n. , me3O ing; implication, L. 22, p. 202
L. 10, p. 90 signitic3Oce, L. 17, p. 156
gr3Odfather, L. 16, p. 145 adv" all the way; all along; continuously,
maybe; perhaps, L. 5, p. 47 L. 1, p. 3
n. , night market; night fair, L. 15, p. 134 therefore; hence, L. 23 , p. 211
n. , clothes; c1 othing, L. 7, p. 62 n. , stereo, L.
34, p. 310
467
L. 9, p. 78 yõu a4;., meaningfu1; L. 23 ,
raise; arouse, L 44, p. 395 p.208
drinking and eating, L. 20, p. 182 usefu1 , L. 46, p. 417
V. , print, L. 30, p. 272 a4;., foresigh ted, L. 23, p.
n. , Indi a, L. 48, p. 436 a4;., right, L. 40, p. 361
n. , impression, L. 1, p. 3 right side; right, L. 25, p. 227
n. , Britain; EngIand, L 42, p. 378 n. , kindergarten; nursery
n. , nutrition, L. 33 , p. 299 L. 44, p.396
n. , film; movie, L. 40, p. 363 fish , L. 20, p. 184
n.Iv., effect, L. 11 , p. 101 L. 46, p.4 19
n. , hard seat (on a 13, p. 121 entertainment, L. 45, p. 406
crowded, L. 14, p. 129 L. 23 , p. 209
L. 34, p. 309 A yìí B zhijiãn, , between A and B, L 23 ,
n. , courage; bravery, L. 39, p. 353 p.209
adv. , forever, L. 38, p. 344 n. , recorded utteranee; book of quotations,
n. , wording; choice ofwords, L. 26, L. 43 , p.386
p.235 L. 14, p. 128
n. , good point; L. 29,
p.262 is not so much...as B, L. 32, p. 288
long; long-standing, L. 47, p. 428 n. , language, L. 26, p. 235
leisurely and L. 14, p. 129 forecast, L. 2, p. 12
a4;., outstanding; excellent, L. 38, p. 343 L. 38, p. 343
(done) by (somebody), L. 25 , p. 228 2, p. 12
L. 34, p. 311 L. 40, p. 360
L. 15, p. 135 cause; reason (generally takes a noun
L. 4, p. 37 phrase L. 33, p. 300
n. , park:, etc.); touris1, L. 14, origina1, former, L. 6, p. 56
p.127 cause, L. 6, p. 56
L. 4, p. 39 4, p. 37
especially, L. 18, p. 162 distant place, L. 13,
game, L. 43, p. 388 p. 121
V. , swim , L. 40, p. 362 n. , foresight; vision, L. 23, p. 209
prep. , owing to; due to , L. 16, adv. , far (in degree); by
p. p.387
yõu bãngzhù, L. 36, p. 7 be willing to, L. 7, p. 63
n. , another name for Guangdong Provinee,
V. , have something relate to; L.20, p.183
L. 22, p. 201 more and more... , L. 5, p. 48
L. 33, p. 300 n. , Vietnam, L. 43 , p. 387
adj. , vigorous, L. 6, p. 54 Yúngang n. , Yungang Caves, L. 13 ,
yõu experienced, L. 30, p. 271 p.121
yèíu polite, L. 18, p. 164 exercise, L. 41 , p. 372
adj. , famous , L. 14, p. 127 n. , movement, L. 48, p. 438
rich, L. 25, p. 227 yùndònghuì, n. , a sporting match; games, L. 40,
a4;., interesting, L. 8, p. 70 p.362
sometimes; at times; now
then, L. 6, p. 55 z
limited, L. 46, p. 419 magazíne, L. 1, p. 2
L. 23, p. 211 ín one's opíníon, L. 29, p. 262
468
on one; with one; on p. 163
body, L. 39, p. 350 of; 100k after, L. 2, p. 13
top in addition, give consideration to; show
V. ,
L.36, p.328 consideration for; look after, L. 21 , p. 192

put offuntil sometime later, L. 18, photo; picture, L. 8, p. 70
p. 162 V. -O., take a picture; take photographs,
L. 37, p. 336
11. , lie in; rest with, L. 48, p. 439 n. , camera, L. 16, p. 144
temporary; transient; n. , philosophy, L. 48, p. 436
time being, L. 38, p. 344 Zhejiang 20, p. 182
ac[j., dirty; fi1thy , L. 12, p. 115 adverbial particle, L. 12, p. 115
Tibet, L. 36, p. 326 true; real , L. 46, p. 416
Zang (Tibetan) peop1e, L. 47, adv.ladj., truly; real1y,
p.428 real, L. 46, p. 419
how terrible; what bad 1uck; too ac[j., whole; entire, L. 29, p. 260
bad, L. 9, p. 79 V. , put in order; straighten up, L. 2, p. 12
morning, L. 3, p. 25 ac[j., orderly; neat, L. 40, p. 361

L. 3, p. 24 whole day; al1 day 10ng, L. 3,
a1ready v.-ed 10ng ago, p.25
L. 34, p. 310 adv. , exactly; precisely, L. 32, p. 290
11. , cause; create; give rise sujjìx,.. .syndrome; disease , L. 46,
undesirab1e resu1t) , L. 23, p. 209 p.418
responsibility, L. 26, p. 237 n. , policy, L. 16, p. 145
11. , grow in number or quantity; pi1e up; government, L. 22, p. 202
increase, L. 32, p. 290 n.l1l., proof, prove, L. 41 , p. 370
add; increase; raise, L. 9, p. 79 right, L. 47, p. 427
11. , add; increase , L. 40, p. 364 solernn, L. 11 ,
in deep fat or oil; deep-fry, L. 20, p. 184 p. 102
chicken, L. 40, p. 363 L. 22, p. 201
zhá L. 33 , p. 300 n. , political nature, L. 22, p. 201
station; stop, L. 4, p. 37 AN, measure word for animals, L. 16, p. 143
11. , stand; on one's feet , L. 17, p. 155 and so on; and so forth; and the like, L. 20,
ho1d; constitute; make up, L. 25 , p. 228 p.186
be defeated, L. 42, 379 in; within... , L. 36, p. 327
batt1efield; battleground, L. 35, n. , check, L. 9, p. 81
p.317 the
n. , war, L. 42, p. 378 intelligentsi a, L. 23, p. 209
Zhang (a L. 1, p. 1 that, L. 44, p. 398
AN, measure for paper or picture, L. 16, one of... , L. 36, p. 327
V. , be worth; deserve, L. 22, p. 203
p. 144
grow up; be brought up , L. 29, n. , staff and workers, L. 39, p. 350
p.261 adv. , directly, L. 6, p. 55
barrier, L. 28, p. 251 L. 42, p. 378

husband , L. 11 , p. 101 worker; staffmember, L. 9,
receive (guests); entertain , 1. 19, p.81
p.173 adv. , have to; be to, L. 10, p. 91
shop sign, L. 20, p. 183 long as , 1. 11 , p. 100
V. , 100k for; try to find; seek, L. 12, p. 114
system, L. 27, p. 244
look for an excuse, quality, L. 24, p. 220
469
odv. , at least, L. 45, p. 406 13, p. 122
order, L. 21 , p. 194 main1y, L. 16, p. 142
as for; L. 35, p. 318 n. , -ism; doctrine, L. 42, p. 379
as for; as 46, p. 417 L. 38, p. 344
manufacture; make, L. 24, p. 219 housing, L. 34, p. 310
L. 11 , V. , pay attention to, L. 2, p. 14
p. 102 zhùyìn national phonetic
Zhõnghuå the R.epublic ofChina alphabet (in use before the Chinese phonetic
(1912 - present, the government moved to Taiwan alphabet was implemented), L. 31 , p. 280
in 1949), L. 15, p. 135 V. , lay stress on; pay L. 35,
n. , the Chinese Nation p.317
47 , p. 427 n., work; book; writing, L. 30, p. 271
People's Republic ofChin a, L. 22, p. 201 odj. , concentrate one's attention; be

middle-aged, L. 11 , p. 103 L. 44, p. 395
middle period n. , special tield of study;
reign) , L. 47, p. 429 p.260
China and professional, one's
3
L. 14, p. 127 p.351
turn , L. 39, p. 351
L. 17, p. 156 to, L. 39, p. 351
a kind; a sort; a type, L. 19, p. 174 V. -0. , make money; make a profit,
all kinds of, L. 42, p. 379 L.I0, p.90

great; weighty; major; up; L. 41 , p. 371
L.48, p.438 n. , decoration, L. 14, p. 128
idm. , prefer sons to V. , collide; bump against; run
daughters; up to men and down on women, p. 192
L. 2S , p. 226 AN, measure word for building, L. 40,
v. , think highly of; p.363
something seriously, L. 29, p. 262 collide; bump
0 4;.. importan t, L. 174 into, L. 21 , p. 192
L. 44, p. 397 preparation. prepare, L. 29, p. 260
gruel; congee (most ofthe time other punctually; on time, L. 1, p. 1
added in addition to rice), L. 20, AN, an entire tab1e of, L. 19, p. 173
p. 183 V. , catch; capture, L. 26, p. 237
state, L. 45, p. 408 n. , natura1
attentive and satisfactory; p.220
L. 8, p. 71 n., children; sons and
n. , weekend, L. 8, p. 69 p.300
odv. , gra'tlually, L. 47, p. 430 23 , p. 210
L. 16, p. 143 zìgu since ancient times, L. 39, p. 352
boil; cook, L. 20, p. 184 n. , calligraphy and painting, L. 30,
leading; dominant; guidin g, lead; p.270
guide, L. 25 , p. 228 oneself, L. 6, p. 54
n. , guest ofhonor, L. 19, p. 170 zÌláishuT, p.55
L. 42, p. 378 captions (ofmotion pictures, etc.);
host, subtitles, L. 23 , p. 210
staple food; principal food , L. 20, natural, L. 23 , p. 211
p.183 n. , self-defense, L. 48, p. 438
470
n. , bicycle, L. 9, p. 79 adll. , had it would be best, L. 4,
free; Iiberty, L. 17, p. 153 p.37
of Liberty,
L. 17, p.153 by; observe, L. 21 , p. 193
adv. , of one's own free will, L. 35 , p. 318 dignity;
autonomous region , L. 47, p. 428 1I.1n., respect; value; esteem, L. 28,
n. , religion, L. 47, p.428 p.252
always, L. 5, p. 47 40, p. 361
adll. , always , L. 3, p. 26 left side; left, L. 25, p. 227
zou get in by the back n. , about; or so (used after a number),
secure advantages through pull or influence, L. 29, L.47, p.427
p.261 AN, measure word for bridges, buildings,
walk; go on L. 9, p. 80 mountain s, etc., L. 21 , p. 192
11. , ren t, L. 9, p. 78 L. 19, p. 173
race; nationality, L. 47, p. 427 an upright L. 22, p. 200
enough, L. 23 , p. 211 1I.-C., get on (a vehicle), L. 1, p. 2
as... , L. 46, p. 415
L.16, p.145 seat; place, L. 19, p. 171
organize, organization, n. , function; L. 21 , p. 193
sin; hardship, L. 6, p. 55 author, L. 46, p. 415
471
En ---2euKH mAUex
A approve; regard as
the abbreviated form of a n. , V. , L. 30, p. 272
L.20, p.l84 after a11; a11 in bÌjìng, adv. , L. 44, p. 397
abide by; 21 , p. 193 after a11; dàodl, adv. , L. 10, p. 90
n. , L. 29, p. 262 entering a follow its "Whenin
ab1e; adj. , Rome, do as the Romans
p.227 L. 19, p. 174
about the same; aftemoon n., L.6, p.54
L.20, p.182 hòulái, n. , L. 1, p. 2
about; or so (used a again and adv. , L. 19,
L. 47, p.427 p.l72
about; L. 1, p. 2 again; anew; adv. , L. 10, p. 89
above (a given point or YIshàng,
L. 34, p. 308 n. , L. 35, p. 317
V. , L. 28, p. 252 agree; tóngyì, V. , L. 18, p. 162
ache, sore; téng, v.ladj. , L. 5, p. 46 promise; dã.ying , V. , L. 18, p. 163
achieve (a V. , L. 34, p. 310 n. , L. 28, p. 251
achievement; nóngyè, n. , L. 43 , p. 388
p. 155 the n. , L. 41 , p. 370
achievement; n. , L. 23, p. 209 air n. , L. 31 ,
across from; duìmlàn , L. 4, p. 38 p.280
16, p. 142 air dry; dry in the sun,
actual1y; in L. 11 , p. 103 kångtiáo, n., L. 2 , p. 12
actually; in 1, p. 1
L.20, p.186 l , p. 1
(in this context) add alike; the same; L. 19,
add; V. , L. 40, p. 364 p.174
add; increase; L. 9, p. 79 all n. is usual1y followed
V. , L. 11 , p. 102 adj. , L. 11 , p. 100
n. , L. 4, p. 39 "a11house happiness;" a hodgepodge of ingredients
adequately fed and odj. , L. 34, together in one n. ,
p.308 L.20, p.186
adjustment, tiãozheng, n.Iv., L. 48, p. 439 a11kinds L. 42, p. 379
V. , L. 41 , p. 372 all kinds
admire; have respect p.200
adopt (something way; a11 a1ong; yÌZhí, adv. ,
p.310 L.l , p.3
adopt; take in and bring V. , L.25 , all trades and
p.226 L.27, p.244
advance; progress; improvement (cannot be followed a11; every;
L. 12, p. 115 V. , L. 39, p. 351
adverbial comp. , L. 12, p. 115 around; odv. , L.1 ,
guãnggào, n. , L. 22, p. 201 p.2
advocate; V. , L. 38, p. 344 a1 most; adv. , L. 11 ,
advocate; V. , L. 23, p. 209 p. 103
472
along with; in the wake suí.zhe, V. , L. 36, p. 327
p.252
already v. -ed long adv. , L. 34, as a result, adv./n., L. 5, p. 47
p.310 as expected; sure
adv. , L. 3, p. 26 p.395
L. 5, p. 47 as for; as L. 35 , p. 318
always; all adv. , L. 25 , p. 226 as fo r; as zhìyúshuõ, L. 46, p. 417
fèn.liàn g, n. , L. 34, p. 309 sÌhli, adv. , L. 8, p. 70
an entire table L. 19, p. 173 as zhiyão, co,y., L. 11, p. 100
analyze, 29, p. 261
ancient and modem; Chinese and foreign; at all times ascend; V. , L. 17, p. 156
and in all gìí jïn zhõng L. 44, p. 397
L.40, p. 360 ask for V.-o. , L. 5, p. 46
the ancient current exist dian , n. , L. 25, p. 228
gìí jïn bìngcún, L. 26, p. 235 aspect; júmiàn , n. , L. 28, p. 250
ancient names for in the
p. 183 L. 43, p. 388
ancient n. , L. 10, p. 90 assurance; n. , L. 18 , p. 163
ancient gìídài , n. , L. 14, p. 127 zhõngyú, adv. , L. 17, p. 156
ancient; at zhìshao, adv. , L. 45 , p.
and (used in L. 33, p. 301 at the same time; in the meantime,
and so on; and what L. 20, L. 27, p. 243
p. 184 attentive and satisfactory; zhõu.dào,
and so on; and so forth; and the 8, p. 71
p. 186 xïyin, V. , L. 38, p. 345
and so on; L. 22, p.202 attracting respect on or proper
and so on; L. 16, p. 144 ti. mlàn, 39, p.352
aswell 2, authentic; genuine; dì.dao,
p.13 p.363
L. 23, p. 209 n. , L. 46, p. 415
angle; n. , L. 3, p. 27 autonomous n. , L. 47, p. 428
L. 16, p. 142 automobile; motor vehicle; qìchë , n. , L. 4 ,
name for Guangdong p, 37
L. 20, p. 183 píngjün, adv./adj. , L. 45, p. 406
L. 18, p. 163 aviation, L. 36, p. 327
gudoog, n. , L. 10, p. 89 avoid; L. 20, p. 186
any; whichever; L. 14, "avoid-heat-mountain-villa"; (lmperial) Summer
p.127
anywhere; L. 22, p. 200 L. 13 , p. 121
appear; arise; L. 28, p. 251 L. 3, p. 25
appearance; n. , L. 30, p. 270 biè.niu, adj. , L. 40 , p. 364
38, p. 343 awkward;
approximately; L. 11 , p. 100 p.219
area (the product ofthe length times the
n., L. 36, p. 328 B
area; n. , L. 36, p. 327 baby n. , L. 16, p. 145
L. 5, p. 47 back hòuménr, n. , L. 29, p. 261
around the time of L. 42, p. 380 28, p. 252
ãnpai , v./ n., L. 16, p. 142 L. 17, p. 154
473
bad smell; n. , L. 12, p. 114 be ín t1ood; inundate; overrun, overabundant;
n. , L. 14, p. 128 unchecked lI.1acÿ. , L. 45,
balcony; 7, p. 62 p.407
qiúduì, n. , L. 28, p. 250 be interested gan xìngqù,
ball-playíng skills, L. 28, p. 250 be laid off, be xiàllgãng, 11. -0., L. 39, p. 350
zhú.zi, n. , L. 16, p. 143 be late (for a fixed schedule or
n. , L. 20, p. 185 L. 3, p. 24
yínhán g, n. , L. 9, p. 78 be left (over); shèng.xla, 11. , L. 43, p. 387
bank; shore; L. 15, p. 135 be particular about; pay to; be about,
bar; L. 15, p. 134 11. , L. 19, p. 171
barbershop; hairdresser's, n. , L. 8, p. 69 be prevalent; be liúxín g, 11. , L. 35, p. 317

bargain; haggle over the be be
L.IO, p.89 11.-0. , L. 33, p. 300
L. be sick; be bìng, 11. , L. 5, p. 46

bathroom; yùshì, n. , L. 2, p. 12 be sorry; feel acÿ. , L. 19,
battlefield; p. 173
p.317 be be appropriate
be able to have (a high of p.428
1I.-C. , L. 34, p. 311 be taken in; be fooled , 11.-0. , L. 10,
be accustomed to; be used to, habit; p.92

xíguàn, v.ln. , L. 3, p. 24 be hear of;
be adv. , L. 43 , p. 389 be unable to (be) resist(ed); be unable to (be) stop(ped),
be an upright V.-o. , L. 22, p. 200 dang.buzhù, 1I.-C., L. 43, p. 389
be available to all; pUjÍ, v.ladj. , L. be unable to chi. bu xià, 1I.-C.,
p.405 L. 19, p. 172
11. , L. 2, p. 13 be willing 7, p. 63
L. 43, p.)87 be worth; zhí.dé, 11. , L. 22, p. 203
be busy máng.zhe, v. , L. 37, p. 335 be; work as; serve L.39, p.352
be called jiào, V. , L. 8, p. 69 bean curd; dòu .fu, n. , L. 20, p. 184
be cheated; be L. 46, bear; have (certain air, or unique
p.417 8, p. 70
be considered as; be v. ,
L. 41 , p. 371 L. 46, p. 416
be "beautify-hair -
be L. 43, p. 389 n. , L. 8, p. 69
be distributed (over an area); be 1I.ladj. , L. 33 , p. 298
L. 47 , p. 427 11. , L. 31 , p. 279
be hëllzuì, v. -c., L. 19, p. 172 become; tum L. 42, p. 380
have qlzuòyòng , chuángpù, n. , L. 2, p. 12
L. 21 , p. 193
be faced with; be confronted V. , L. 15, p. 136
L. 38, p. 344 L. 46, p. 415
be forced L. 48, p. 438 L. 1, p. 1
be full of; brimming v. , L. 42, Jingjù, n., L. 40, p. 363
p.380 Beijing-Kowloon (Railway)
be highly proficient in; possess mastery n. , L. 36, p. 326
jingtõng, v. , L. 30, p. 271 belief; faith; n. , L. 47,
p.428
L. 31 , p. 281
474
benefit; gain; profit; gõnggòng L.4, p. 37
p.27 businessman; L.33 ,
besides; adv. , L. 40, p. 360 p.300
A and B , A yu B zhijiãn, L. 23, månglù , a4l., L. 14, p. 129
p.209 busy, be fully a4l.lv., L. 37, p. 335
zìxíngchë, but; L. 1, p. 3
big streets and small alleys-almost adv. , L. 3 , p. 25
L. 3 , p. 25
idm. , L. 15, p. 134 buy and v .l1l., L. 34, p. 310
bill; 11. , L. 9, p. 80 (done) by L. 25, p. 228
Bird's Niaochåo, 11. , L. 40, p. 362 by means of; by way
hãisè , 1I./a4l., L. 16, p. 143 p.398
block up; stop V. , L. 9 , p. 79
boat; ship; vessel, ,4!}, L. 16, p. 145 C
body; shëntì, 11. , L. 3, p. 25 L. 27, p. 243
Bõyin, 11. , L. 36, p. 327 call; a form of chëng.hu, v.l1I.,
boil; L. 20, p. 184 L. 1I, p.l00
boiled 6, p. 55 calligraphy and n. , L. 30,
shüdiàn, 11. , L. 30, p. 269 p.270
as well L. 16, p. 144
p.114 n. , L. 2 , p. 13
both sides; the two 11. , L. 28, candy; táng, 11. , L. 33 , p. 300
p.251 mai .bu .qT, V. -C., L. 10, p. 90
bother; to trouble V. , L. 9 , cannot catch up gan.bu shàng, V.-C. , L. 9 ,
p.80 p. 79
píng, 11. , L. 6 , p. 55 cannot get used to guàn, V. -C.,
wan , AN/1I., L. 5, p. 46 L. 20, p. 183
nånhåir, 11. , L. 25, p. 226 cannot stand (or V.-C. ,
11., L. 3, p. 25 L. 12, p. 113

brains; mental L. 39, p. 352
brains; 46, p. 419 captions (of motion pictures, etc.);
brains; mind (lt is not used for the physical brain.), 11. , L. 23 , p. 210
n. , L. 3 , p. 25 adv. , L. 22, p. 203
braise in V. , L. 20, p. 184 cargo 11. , L. 36, p. 326
quånxïn , a4l., L. 48, p. 439 carry in one's arms; embrace; bào, V. , L. 16,
break; V.-C. , L. 27, p. 243
pào, V. , L. 6 , p. 55 on the bëi, V. , L. 16, p. 145
L. 44, p. 395 carry on the back; L. 33, p. 300
bring about; bring a1 ong; V. , carry on; carry out;
L.23 , p.210 p.251
Britain; L. 42, p. 378 carry out; tuïxíng,
n. , L. 20, p. 185 11. , L. 9, p. 81
L. 20, p. 185
Buddhist 11. , L. 48, p. 437 cat, L. 26, p. 237
build; 17, p. 154 catalogue of titles; shümù , 11. , L. 30,
11., L. 14, p. 128 p.271
bulletin bùgàolån, 11. , L. 38, p. 343 zhuõ, V. , L. 26, p. 237
burden; 11. , L. 35 , p. 319 cause; create; give rise to (usually a undesirable result) ,
L. 16, p. 142 V. , L. 23 , p. 209
475
cause; reason (generally takes a noun phrase modifier), Chinese leaf n. , L. 20, p. 186
yuangù, n., L. 33, p. 300 Chinese lion wU shi, V. -D., L. 43, p. 388
V. , L. 42, p. 379 the Chinese Nation
ce\lular n. , L. 37, p. 335 Mínzú, n. , L. 47, p. 427
the Chinese phonetic pinyin,
n. , L. 30, p. 269 31 , p. 280
22, p. 201 n. , L. 33, p. 300
a4i., L. 18, p. 163
Chairman Mao Zhìíxí, n. , L. 22, p. 200 citizen; urban shÌ!nÍn, n. , L. 12, p. 114
L. 39, p. 350 city and n. , L. 45, p. 405
Chang'an Street, a major street in city; düshì, 41 , p. 370
Jië, L. 40, p, 363 L. 22, p. 202
clash (between two parties);
biànhuà, 40, p. 361 L. 35, p. 320
change; L. 12, p. 115 (social) L. 47, p. 429
change; a1ter; gai, V. , L. 3, p. 26 gUdian, a4i., L. 30, p. 271
change; become L. 31 , p. 279 n. , L. 30, p. 271
change with each passing clean the V.-O. , L. 7,
idm. , L. 48, p. 440 p.63
in clean; neat and a4i., L. 3, p. 26
L. 23 , p. 210 adj. , L. 3, p. 25
characteristic; distinguishing n., obvious, know; míng.bai,
L. 11 , p. 103 a4i.Jv. , L. 20, p. 186
characteristic; n. , L. 11 , p. 103 client; n. , L. 36. p. 327
Ii aol/tiãnr, V.-O. , L. 8, p. 71 climb V. -D., L. 33, p. 299
n. , L. 9, p. 81 (said etc.)
check (the 9, p. 80
p.81 close, carefully; closely; a4i.ladv. ,
check; examine; inspect, L. 44, p. 397
L. I , p. 3 close; jìn, a4i., L. 2, p. 13
check; V. , L. 1, p. 2 hanger; coat n., L. 7, p. 62
L. 46, p. 419 clothes;
Cheersl; Bottoms L. 19, p. 172 shelter
Chengde, in Hebei basic necessities of yi shí zhù xíng ,
p. 121 idm. , L. 40, p. 362
memory of; think fondly n. , L. 33, p. 300
V. , L. 11. p. 103 n.. L. 3, p. 25
cherish; V. , L. 33 , p. 300 10, p. 92
n., L. 20, p. 184
child; children; L. 16, p. 145 colleague; fellow tóngshì, n., L. 25,
n. , L. 35, p. 317 p.227
children; sons and zTnìí, n. , L. 33 , collect a fee; v.. L. 12, p. 115
p.300 college bìyèshëng, n. , L. 27, p. 244
China and a4i., collide; bump into, V. , L. 21 ,
L. 14, p. 127 p. 192
Chinese Hànzì, n. , L. 23 , p. 210 collide; bump against; run zhuànglJzháo,
Chinese dragon V.-C. , L. 21 , p. 192
p.388 L. 42, p. 378
Chinese n. , L. 27, p. 243
476
color diànzl L. 30, p. 271
L. 45, p. 405 n. , L. 11 , p. 100
color TV L. 45 , p, 406 concentrate attention; be
colorful; duõ zï duõ cai, adj. , L. 48, L. 44, p. 395
p.437 notion; L. 27, p. 244
láizì, V. , L. 16, p. 144 n. , L. 2, p. 12
come into contact 31 , p. 281 the condition or situation
come into contact with; have dealings
V.-O. , L. 18, p. 162 L. 42, p. 380
come V. , L. 30, p. 271 con f1ict; n. , L. 28, p. 252
L. 1, p. 3 up all kinds of
adj.ln. , L. 41 , V. , L. 33 , p. 299
p.371 liánjië, V. , L. 36, p. 326
L. 22, connections;
p.201 p.261
commercial 22, consider; discuss; V. , L. 18, p. 163
p.201 constantly;
commercialized n. , p.397
L. 34, p. 310 construct,
shãngpln , n. , L. 24, p. 326
p.221 consume; xiãohào, V. , L. 34,
rengsú, n. , L. 45 , p. 408 p. 309
the common n. , L. L. 34, p. 308
p. 135 contact; association, associate
n. , L. 46, p. 416 n.lv. , L. 31 , p. 281
common saying; L. 26, p. 235 adj. , L. 42, p. 378
common; pìítõng, adj. , L. 23, p. 208 dãngdàishl, n. , L. 42,
píngcháng, adj. , L. 27, p. 243 p.378
gõutõng, V. , L. 23 , p. 209 L. 45 , p. 406
communication, communicate by V. , L. 38, p. 343
n./v., L. 37, p. 336 contract (an L. 12, p. 114
communication; n. , L. 31 , contradiction; mãodùn , n. , l... 28, p. 252
p. 278 contribution, gòngxiàn, n .lv., L. 24,
gõngsï, n. , L. 24, p. 220 p.221
(said of a family or society) comparatively well-off, V. , L. 45, p. 407
xiaokãng, L. 34, p. 308 convenience,
p.336
p. 37 adj. , L. 2, p. 14
bljiào, V. , L. 30, p. 272 V.-O. , L. 19, p. 173
competition, L. 27, L. 44, p. 396
adj. , L. 47, p. 427
completely; quãn , adv. , L. 30, p. 269 corresponding; xiãngyìng, adj. , L. 18,
L. 36, p. 162
p. 326 corruption, corrupt; 47,
gõng.wel , V. , L. 33 , p. 298 p.429
n. , L. 48, n. , L. 10, p. 90
p.439 Could it be adv. , L. 46, p. 416
jìsuànji, n. , L. 27, p. 243 n. , L. 4 , p. 40
31 , p. 280 country; state; n. , L. 23 , p. 209
477
countryside; rural n. , L. 23 , p. 211 definitely,
xiàn, n. , L. 23 , p. 209
n. , L. 39, p. 353 L. l1, p. 102
L. 44, p. 397 32, p. 288
course; L. 28, p. 251 depend on; rely L. 23, p. 211
V. ,
courteous; L. 18, p. 164 L. 48, p. 438

L. 19, p. 174 descend; V. , L. 32, p. 288
ITmào, n. , L. 18, p. 164 L. 40, p.
cram n. , L. 38, p. 343 develop, L. 9, p. 79
ftom nothing; produce; developed; aq;., L. 30, p. 271
L. 23 , p. 210 developing
crisis; precarious wëiji, n. , L. 39, p. 353 L. 24, p. 220
L. 29, p. 262 L. 23, p. 208
crowd; pack; L. 35, p. 320 dialogue; 19, p. 171
aq;., L. 14, p. 129 28, p. 251
cultural relic; historical L. 48, difficult; kùnnán, 3, p. 24
p.437 dignity; zünyán, n. , L.
Cultural Revolution (an abbreviation n. , L. 4, p. 39
n. , L. 43 , p. 386 dining
19, p. 174 dining L. 19, p. 170
cup; bêi.zi, n. , L. 7, p. 63 diplomacy; foreign L. 28,
current general tõngxíng, p.250
aq;., L. 44, p. 396 L. 40, p. 361
n. , L. 1, p. 1 adv. , L. 6, p. 55
cut (with scissors); clip; jlan, V. , L. 8, p. 71 dirty; 12, p. 115
D p.344
daily adj. , L. 7, p. 63 V. , L. 43 , p. 388
n. , L. 34, p. 309 discuss, V. , L. 31 , p. 278

tiàollwu , V.-O. , L. 14, p. 128 n. , L. 7, p. 63
L. 21 , p. 192 dispatch;
dark, L. 14, p. 128 distance; jùlí, n. , L. 36, p. 327
data; cámào, n. , L. 30, p. 270 aq;., L. 4, p. 37
date (someone) ; be in V.-O. , distinguish and V. , L. 23 ,
L. 14, p. 128 p.211

Datong (in Oàtóng, n., L. 13, p. 121 distribute; V. , L. 27, p. 244
day; rì.zi , n. , L. 41 , p. 371 divide V.-C. , L. 39, p. 352
daytime; báitiãn, n. , L. 6, p. 54 divide; separate; fën , V. , L. 11 , p. 101
a decade, age; n. , L. 22, p. 201 divorce, V.-O. , L. 32, p. 288
decide, 8, p. 69 (colloquial) L. 39, p. 351
decline (a position , favor, etc. out of modesty), do as one pleases; do at sU Íbiàn, adv. , L. 19,
V. , L. 19, p. 171 p. 170
decline; be on the 47, (written) do wù , adv. , L. 22, p. 200
p.429 do da V.-O. , L. 14, p. 128
n. , L. 14, p. 128 do; manage; V. , L. 4, p. 39
decrease; V. , L. 22 , p. 201 doing A while doing B; doing A as doing

deep; penetrating; profound, 16, A yÌbiãnr B, conj. , L. 44, p. 395
p. 144 dollar; n. , L. 4, p. 39
defeat; beat, be V. , L. 42 , p. 378 n. , L. 1, p. 3
478
double n. , L. 2, p. 11 eliminate through selection or competition; render
downtown urban obsolete; die out; fall into V. ,
p. 154 L.35 , p.318

draw a snake and add feet to it - ruin the effect by eliminate; abolish; exterminate; wipe
adding something 47, p. 429
tiãn idm. , L. 26, p. 236 dlànzT yóujiàn, 17. , L. 37, p. 335
dress; n. , L. 48, p. 439 adJ., L. 7, p. 63
dress; embody; ref1ect; give V. ,
drink hãJ/jiu, V.-O. , L. 15, p. 134 L. 29, p. 261

drinking and yTnshí, n., L. 20, p. 182 L. 15, p. 135
drive kãl , V. , L. 1, p. 2 emphasize; V. , L. 29, p. 262
n. , L. 9, p. 78 L. 42, p. 379
dryer (for drying wet empty; hollow; devoid
L.7, p.62 L.23 , p.208
dubbing, dub , n./v.-o., L. 40, p. 364 enable; shi, V. , L. 24, p. 221
L. 20, p. 184 "encourage-dish;" urge
n. , L. 20, p. 183 V.-O. , L. 19, p. 171
n. , L. 17, p. 154 "encourage-Iiquor;" urge (the

L. 40, p. 360 v. -0. , L. 19, p. 171
Qing Dynasty
E ofthe Republic
each has his own Qingmò L. 30, p. 270
duan, 41 , p. 372 end; last L. 30, p. 270
each has his own strong gèyoo endure hardships, etc.; have a
cháng, idm. , L. 41 , p. 370 shòullzuì, V.-O. , L. 6, p. 5S
each; adj. , L. 6, p. 56 endure; V. , L. 32, p. 289
n. , L. 16, p. 143
the dìqiú, n. , L. 37, p. 337 L. 24, p. 221
V. ,
ease and comfort; enjoyment, xiangshòu, enjoy; V. , L. 40, p. 363
n./v. , L. 41 , p. 371 L. 23, p. 211

n. , L. 4, p. 38 enrich, v./adj. , L. 48, p. 436
the south, the west, north; every enter a higher level of V.-O. ,
dõng nán xi L. 36, p. 328 L.35 , p.317

róngyì, adj. , L. 6, p. 55 enter; get 17, p. IS4
economize; save; usc jiésheng, V. , L. 7, enterprise; industry;
p.64 p.387
17. , L. 24, p. 221 enterprise; undertaking; shìyè, n. , L. 30,
n. , L. 30, p. 271 p.271
adj. , L. 23, p. 211 enthusiasm; warrnth, enthusiastic; warrnhearted,

qié.zl, 17. , L. 20, p. 185 n./adj. , L. 19, p. 171
eight trcasures (choice ingrcdients of certain special 16, p. 143
dishes) , n. , L. 20, p. 186 the examination for colleges and universities,
the elderly; senior n. , L. 29, p. 260
L. 35, p. 317 entrance ticket; admission
L. 14, p. 127
diànz'í, adj., L. 30, p. 271
elementary n. , L. 22, p. 200 huánjìng, 17. , L. 7, p. 64
dàxiàng, n. , L. 16, p. 144 equal, L. 11 , p. 101
479
equipment; n. , L. 8, p. 70 (ofbuildings) extend; expand; add
era; n. , L. 17, p. 154 17, p. 155
error; mistake, cuòwù, a4j.ln., L. 46, extend; L. 40, p. 360
p.416 extra-marita1
L. 18, p. 162 p.289
especially, adv.la4i., L. 2, p. 12 extremely; ... to adv. , L. 9, p. 79
V. , L. 27, p. 243 extremely; bùdéUao, adv. , L. 44,
set V. , L. 47, p. 429 p.395
n. , L. 24, p. 220 extremely; very, jíle, L. 2, p. 14
L. 21 , p. 193 n. , L. 16, p. 143
lián...dõu 9, p. 79
even more, more, still adv, L. 3, p. 24 F
conj. , L. 32, p. 289 (said ofpeople or liìín, n. , L. 5, p. 47
evening; t.w. , L. 14, p. 128 face; conftont miànduì, V. , L. 39,
every kind of. all all kinds p.353
L. 15, p. 135 face; miàn.zl, n. , L. 18, p. 162
facial features; n.,
everywhere; L.8, p.70
p.200 L. 46, p. 418
evident; míngxiìín, 34, p. 308 n. , L. 24, p. 219
exactly yìmú yíyàng, L. 10, p. 92 gõogpíng, a4j., L. 29, p. 261
exactly; adv. , L. 32, p. 290 fall V. -c.. L. 1, p. 3
L. 31 , p. 280
V. , L. 43 , p. 387 household; n., L. 25 , p. 227
excellent quality at low prices - a bargain 127
L. 24, p.221 far (in degree); by
except for; ... p.387
L.3, p.25 L. 39, p. 352
excessively; L. 29, p. 262 distant yuìínchù, n., L. 13,
xïngfèn, a4i., L. 1, p. 3 p.121
n. , L. 2, p. 14 fast L. 27, p. 243
of charge; L. 35, p. 320
a4i., L. 12, p. 114 fat person; plump n. , L. 33,
yùndòng, L. 41 , p. 372 p.298
exercise; engage in physical fear; be V. , L. 4, p. 38
L. 14, p. 128 feeling; L. 43, p. 386
exert; 35, p. 318 a4j., L. 16, p. 144
cúnzài, V. , L. 23 , p. 208 L. 30, p. 271
exist bìngcún, V. , L. 26, p. 235 figure; personage; character (in a novel,
V. , L. 48, p. 438 n. , L. 10, p. 91
expenses, spend; L. 34, p. 308 in (a
expenses; n. , L. 34, p. 309 film;
guì, a4j., L. 6, p. 55 find; V. , L. 3, p. 26
n. , L. 30, p. 271 order in zhõng yõu xù,
jïngyàn, a4i., L. 30, p. 271 L. 21 , p. 194
L. 43 , p. 386 shõuzhi.jia, n. , L. 8, p. 71
explain; V. , L. 23 , p. finish; V. , L. 42 , p. 378
expressway; gõnglù, n. , L. 1, "fire-car"; n. , L. 13 , p. 121

p.3 first míng, n. , L. 4, p. 39
480
the first of the ten Heaven[y Stems; used as a pronoun p. 202
here 32, found; V. , L. 15, p. 135
p. 288 n. , L. 33 , p. 301
n. , L. 20, p. 184 the four big sìdàJlànr,
fixed; gÙdìng, adj. , L. 48, p. 439 four L. 40, p. 360
flat; smooth; píng, adj. , L. 1, p. 3 ftee; Iiberty, adj./n. , L. 17, p. 153
t1 ushing n. , L. 41 , sh ì:ítião, n. , L. 33 , p. 300
p.372 n. , L. 40, p. 363
"follow-person;" (carry) on one's person; (take) with, polite; he.qi, adj. , L. 8, p. 71
adv. , L. 12, p. 115 L. 34, p. 311
shíwù, n. , L. 33, p. 300 xiàng, prep. , L. 6, p. 56
in a large dàguõfàn , n. , ftom L. 43, p. 388
L.27, p.245 on; ftom now cóngcì yThòu ,
chãnfljiao, V. -O., L. 43 , p. 388 L. 28, p. 250
L. 12, p. deep fat or oil; V. , L. 20, p. 184
for example; such L. 26, p. 236 shallow V. , 184
for L. 12, p. 113 full (ftom adj. , L. 34, p. 308
for instance; bT.fangshuõ, L. 18, full 4, p. 39
n. , L. 40, p. 364
for for L. 45 , zUÒyòng, n. , L. 21 , p. 193
p. 408 24, p. 219
for the most part; L. 40, future; in the L. 42, p. 380
p.361
the most part; dàduõ, adv. , L. 6, p. 54 G
the sake of; in order prep. , gain L. 33 , p. 298
L. 16, p. 142 gain without idm. ,
force; qiangpò, V. , L. 28, p. 252 L. 39, p. 352
L. 2, p. 12 gallery; a room or building devoted of
foreign affairs L. 1, p. 1 works lãng, n. , L. 8, p. 70
L. 43, p. 387 yóuxì, n. , L. 43 , p. 388
foreign L. 48, p. 436 gap; L. 36, p. 328
foreign n. , L. 3, p. 27 garbage; L. 22, p. 203
foreign 44, p. 395 huãyuãn , n. , L. 15 , p. 135
foreign n. , L. 2 , p. 13 gate; n. , L. 21 ,
(colloquial) n. , L. 43, p. 389 p. 192
fore
p. 102 V.-O. , L. 9, p.80

healthy shù L.22,
481
3
get in by the back door; secure rule; n.lv., L. 42,

or 11. -0. , L. 29, p.379
p.261
get off 11.-0. , L. 41 , p. 372 adv. , L. 11 , p. 101
get on (a 1I.-C. , L. 1, p. 2 zhújlàn, L. 47, p. 430
get on or log on to the Intemet, shàngwãng, L. 27, p. 244
L.37, p.336 graduate n. , L. 38,
getout of(a L. 9, p. 80 p.343
get up zãoqT, 11. , L. 3, p. 24 graduate n. , L. 38, p. 343
16, p. 144 L. 16, p. 145
n., L. 25 , p. 226 , n. , L. 16, p. 145
give (a L. 24, p. 219 L. 16, p. 145
give birth to; shëng, 11. , L. 25 , p. 226 gratifying; L. 30, p. 272
give consideration to; show consideration fo r; look graveyard; L. 35, p. 317
11. , L. 21 , p. 192 great L. 41 , p. 370
give up; gãVldlào, 1I.-C. , L. 22, p. 202 the Great 14, p. 127
give way to; 11. , L. 21 , p. the Great a totallength of over 8851
the global n. , L. 37, p. 337
go adll. , L. 18, L. 17, p. 153
p. 163 great; a4j., L. 16, p. 145
go 11.-0. , L. 38, p. 344 great; weighty; major;
go deep L. 23 , p. 211 L.48, p.438
go gè .de, L. 19, p. 174 L. 22, p. 201
go on a diet to lose L. 33 , ground; L. 16, p. 143
p.298 grow in number or quantity; pile up;
goods or new zëngduõ, 11. , L. 32, p. 290
L. 34, p. 310
11. -0., up; be brought
11.-0. , L. 12, p. 115 p.261
go gruel; congee (most ofthe time other ingredients are
go to bed 11. , L. 3, p. 24 added in addition to L. 20,
go to the shàng cèsuõ, 12, p. 183
p.113 Guangdong Guangdõng, n. , L. 20,
11.-0. , L. 41 , p. 372 p. 183
go to work and get Guangming Daily
11.-0. , L. 41 , p. 372 L. 45, p. 405
go be engaged (in work, study, etc.) at a fixed time,
11. , L. 3, p. 24 guest
(ofa vehicle, ship, etc.) xíngshì, 11. ,
L.40, p.363 H
god; deity; 17, p. 153 had better; it would be zumao,
golden n. , L. 16, p. 144 p.37
golden jïnhuángsè, n./adj. , L. 16,
p.144 hair (of animals); 16, p. 144
good 33 , p. 298 n. , L. 33, p. 300
yõudian , n. , L. 29, the Han L. 47, p. 427
p.262 hand over; L. 25, p. 228
(colloquial) good; handle; deal 11. , L. 25 , p. 228
L. 11 , p. 102 gãoxÌÌ1 g, a4j., L. 43 , p. 389
16, p. 144 hard seat (on a 13, p. 121
482
hard to avoid, adv.lacÿ. , L.7, p.63
L. 43, p. 389 n., L. 34, p. 310
v.lacÿ. , L. 33, p. 300 how old (used in a dà , L. 18,
L. 45, p. 407 p.164
has become; L. 11 , p. 101 how terrible; what bad luck; too
have a bath; v.-O. , L. 3, p. 24 9, p. 79
have a L. 5, p. 47 huge crowds of
have a traffic V.-O. , L. 9, p. 78 L. 14, p. 127
have never V-ed cónglãi mél v. the Hui n. , L. 47, p. 428
guò, L. 3, p. 24 human
have no choice but to; have bùdébù, adv. , human figure clothes or other
L.3 , p.26 merchandise; mótèr, n. , L. 8, p. 70
have something to do with; relate to; human n. , L. 17, p. 155
L. 22, p. 201 human n. , L. 28, p. 2S 1
have to; be forced 10, p. 91 acÿ. , L. 14, p. 129
health; physique, jiànkãng, n.lacÿ. , L. 2, humiliation; L. 42, p. 379
p. 14 Hunan L. 20, p. 183
heaven; n. , L. 35, p. 317 Hunan 20, p. 182
L. 36, p. 327 hundreds
bãngllmãng, V.-O. , L. 5, p. 48 p.343
L. 36, p. 327 11 , p. 101
highway, main n. , L. 41 , p. 370 n. , L. 31 , p. 278
(suffix) .. sha, n. , L. 17, p. 153 (colloquial) 1l, p.l02
history, 17, p. 153 hygienic; adj., L. 12, p. 113
hold (a meeting, V. , L. 29,
p.260 I
hold (an V. , L. 40, flattered; lt is nothing. (used as a polite
p.362 L. 19, p. 170
hold a meeting; have a kãil/ huì, v. -0. , 1 really don't you f1atter
L. 25 , p. 227 L. 19, p. 170
hold; constitute; make L. 25 , p. 228 bing, n. , L. 6, p. 54
home simple jlãchãngcài, n. , bingjïlíng, n. , L. 33 , p. 300
L. 19, p. 173 6, p. 54
jiãxiãng, 38, p. 344 L. 23 , p. 209
acÿ. , L. 18, p. 163 conj. , L. 10, p. 90
L. 11 , p. 101 if; supposing L. 20, p. 185
"Hong Kong citizens govem Hong imagine, v.ln. , L. 1, p. 3
zhì Gang, L. 42, p. 379 imitate; 6, p. 55
hope; L. 21 , p. 193 immediately; at once; right
yiyuàn, n. , L. 5, p. 48 L. 3I , p. 280
L. 15, p. 135
hostile; L. 28 , p. 250 dìguó zhuyì, n. , L. 42, p. 379
L. 2, p. 12 n. , L. 44, p. 397
hotand L. 14, zhòngyào,
p. 129 l , p. 3
2, p. 13 improve, v.ln. , L. 36, p. 326
Houhai; a famous lake in improve; make (something) galshàn, v. ,
L. 15 , p. 134 L. 46, p. 419
household n. , in addition; moreover; lìngwài,
483
L. 11 , p. 103 intense; adj. , L. 35, p. 318
Westem style; yáng.q'ì, interaction, exchange; jiãoiiú, n.1v.,
adj. , L. 8, p. 70 L. 28, p.250
in common use; adj. , L. 42, n. , L. 29, p. 261
p.380 youqù,
in disorder; in a adj. , L. 8, p. 69 intermarry (between countries, races, social classes, etc.
in eight or nine cases out of ten; The subjects do not
idm., L. 48, p. 436 individuals, but to a class of
in harmony; tõng/lhün, V. , L. 47, p. 430
xlétláo. adv./adj. , L. 40, p. 363 intemal; adj. , L. 13, p. 122
in one's L. 29, p. 262 guojì, adj. , L. 1. p. 1
in recent jìnniánlái, adv. , L. wãng, n.. L. 37, p. 336
in the direction of; wãng, prep. , L. 4, p. 38 interpersonal guãn.xl. n..
in front mlànqián, L. 48, p.439
p. 164 into; L. 3. p. 26
in the hão, L. 31 , p. 279 jièshào, v.. L. 46, p. 415
in the L. 21 , p. 192 V. , L. 17, p. 155
in those years t.w. , L. 43, invest, tóuzi, L. 36. p. 326

p.386 to dinner;
in; L. 36, p. 327 qTng//kè. v.-o.. L. 19, p. 171
L. 32, p. 289 "ron rice bowl" - a secure
indeed; L. 32, p. 288 L.27, p.243
n. , L. 42, p. 378 A is not
independence, L. 35, yuqí shuõ.... L. 32, p. 288
p.319 -ìsm; doctrine, n. , L. 42, p. 379
Yìndù, n. , L. 48, p. 436 it (for inanimate objects or tã, pron. ,
individual character; L. 17, p. 153
L.48, p.439 it doesn't matter; don't
individual; L. 18, p. 164 búyàojTn, L. 19, p. 172
n., L. 35, p. 320 ìt is jùshuõ. adv. , L. 1. p. 2
inequ aJ ities in wealth; gap between rich and it is no L.
L. 46, p. 415 p.261
inexpensive; piãn.yi , adj. , L. 10, p. 91 it's s too
infect; be chuãnrãn, v.. L. 12, p. 114 hard you nánshuõ,
infectious n. , L. 12, L. 19.p. 174
p. 1l 4 -ize; L. 37, p. 337
yingxiãng, L. 11 , p. 101
information; n. , L. 22, p. 202 J
L. 20, p. 185 RÌben, n. , L. 44. p. 397
initial stage; early L. 30,'p. 270 n. , L. 43, p. 388
injure; harm (i n an abstract V. , jet lag; time
L. 32, p. 290 Jiangsu and Zhejiang
Inner L. 47, p. 428 L. 20, p. 182
insist on; persist V. , L. 6, p. 56 Jiangsu p. 182
n., L. 39, p. 350 Jiulong L. 36, p. 326
intact; wánhão, adj. , L. 40, p. 360 V.-o.. L. 14, p. 128
integrate; V. , L. 36, p. 328 joint
intellectual; the zhi.shi fèn zì', xiào.hua, n. , L. 25, p. 226
n. , L. 23 , p. 209 joke; make fun wánxiào. v.-o. , L. 10,
484
p.90 lead rì. zi, v.-o. , L. 41 , p. 371
julienne meat; shredded meat (unless otherwise leading; dominant; guiding, lead;
usually refers to pork on a menu), L. 25 , p. 228
L. 20, p. 185
gãng, adv. , L. 3, p. 25 leaming; xuéshù, 11. , L. 28, p. 251
v. , L. 36, p. 328
k ac!j., L. 40, p. 361
keep apart; isolate; gélí, v. , L. 28, left side; n. , L. 25, p. 227
p.251 tUI, n. , L. 12, p. 113
keep; maintain; preserve (prevent from changing), Lei Feng (1940- 1962), a soldier who died on duty and
v. , L. 30, p. 270 was hailed as a model youth of Ch ina,
n. , L. 40, p. 363 Léi Fëng, 11. , L. 22, p. 202
n. , L. 40, p. 363 Jeisurely and adj. , L. 14, p. 129
kid; L. 33 , p. 298 less than; not búdào, v. , L. 13, p. 121
kill two birds with one lesson; 11. , L. 22, p. 202
idm. , L. 44, p. 395 let; ràng, v. , L. 1, p. 2

n. , L. 33 , p. 298 letter
a kind; a sort; a 11. , L. 19, p. 174 the Iiberation ofChina in 1949, Iiberate; emancipate,
n. , L. 20, p. 185 L. 30, p. 272
kindergarten; nursery L. 30, p. 271
L. 44, p. 396 L. 30, p. 271
11. , L. 7, p. 63 Iie in; rest L. 48, p. 439
know (Chinese characters, a person or place); be Iie; tang , V. , L. 16, p. 143
familiar v. , L. 11 , p. 100 6, p. 56
the Korean War Iight, guãngmíng, L. 45, p. 405
44, p. 397 Iight; brighten; shine, 15, p. 135
labor láodÒnglì, 11. , L. 24, p. 220 light; ac!j., L. 15, p. 136
lack; be short quëtã, v. , L. 29, p. 261 Iimi t, xiànzhì, v. , L. 38, p. 344
(a polite term for a woman, married or lady; ac!j., L. 46, p.419
nOshì, 11. , L. 11 , p. 101 line up; form a V.-O. , L. 7, p. 62
16, p. 144
L Iisten to (radio
L. 15, p. 135 p.211
tìídì, L. 36, p. 328 L. 30, p. 271
land; l , p. 1 11. , L. 30, p. 270
landscape 11. , L. 10, L. 13, p. 121

p.89 Iive; reside; L. 47, p. 428
(of a place) Iively; bustling with noise and excitement,
11. , L. 26, p. 235 L. 15 , p. 134
Iively; shêngdòng, 26, p. 235
a large number; a great ac!j./adv. , 10cal; in the 6, p. 56
L.42, p.378 local; bentu , L. 48, p. 437
largely identical but with minor 10ng chángtú, 2, p.14
idm. , L. 31 , p. 278 22, p. 201
last phase; final 11. , L. 31 , p. 278 long; for a long 12, p. 113
32, p. 290 long; L. 47, p. 428
v. , L. 39, p. 351 look down upon; kàn.bu ql, V.-C. ,
lay stress on; pay attention v. , L. 39, p. 352
L. 35, p. 317 look for an V.-o. , L. 18,
485
p.163 p.428
look for; try to find; V. , L. 12, p. 114 Manzhõu, n. , L. 47, p. 429
loose; L. 1, p. 3 Mandarin Guoyu, n. , L. 23, p. 209
V. , L. 32, p. 289 manual worker,
lose V. , L. 4 , p. 38 p. 220
lose money (in business zhìzào, V. , L. 24, p. 219
V. -0. , L. 10, p. 90 many-sided; in many adj. ,
lose L. 24, p. 220 L. 28, p. 250
loudly; in a loud adv. , L. 15, n. , L. 10, p. 91
p. 136 market jïngjì, n. , L. 39,
lovable; lovely; L. 16, p. 143 p.350
love V. , L. 33, p. 300 market; shopping
lovers (used only to describe people, not to address p. 102
n. , L. 14, p. 128 hiinyïn, n. , L. 32, p. 289
low-priced; acfj. , L. 24, p. 220 fiiqí, n., L. 32, p. 289
inexpensive; lIan , acfj. , L. 24, married couple; (lit) and
p.220 L.32, p.290
luckily; adv. , L. 1, p. 2 marry; get L. 31 , p. 279
luggage; n., L. 1, p. 2 ànmo, V. , L. 8, p. 71
box; case; trunk; n., (archaic) n. , L. 48, p. 436
L. 24, p. 219 n. , L. 17, p. 155
luxurious; acfj. , L. 41 , p. 371 maybe;
n. , L. 43, p. 388
M yì.si , n. , L. 11 , p. 101
n. , L. 7, p. 62 meaning; L. 22, p. 202
1, p. 2 meaning; yìyì, n., L. 17, p. 156
magnificent; L. 14, yìyì, acfj. , L. 23,
p.128 p.208
13 , p. 122 measure for paper or zhãng, AN, L. 16,
11 , p. 102 p. 144
mainland n., L. 11 , measure word for a
p. 102 measure word for a tàng , AN, L. 42, p. 380
L. 16, p. 142 measure word for 16, p. 143
maintain; V. , L. 17, p. 154 measure word for bridges, buildings, mountains, etc. ,
make V. , L. 13, p. AN, L. 21 , p. 192
make a fool of nào xlào.hua, V.-O. , measure word for zhuàng, AN, L. 40,
L.26, p.237 p.363
da v.-o. , L. 2, measure word for business
p.l1 L.8, p.69
make money; make a zhuànllqián, V.-O. , measure word for
L. 10, p. 90 measure word for cars or L. 1, p. 2
make or become heavier; weight word for AN, L. 20, p. 185
L. 35, p. 319 measure word for AN, L. 45, p. 405
make progress; go V. , L. 22, measure word for AN, L. 45, p. 405
p.200 measure word for AN, L. 10, p. 89
make tea, V.-O. , L. 6, p. 55 measure word for school and
mal-; bùUang, adj. , L. 33 , p. 299 L. 22, p. 200
L. 25, p. 228 measure word for strength, smell,
the Man (Manchu) L. 47, L. 12, p. 114
486
measure word for things narrow and L. 17, p. 154
L.4, p.38 mountain n. , L. 43 , p. 388
measure; step (political, financial , mouse; L. 26, p. 236
n. , L. 34, p. 310 yùndòng , n. , L. 48, p. 438
5, p. 46 movement; notion;
meet L. 33 , p. 298
V.-O. , p. 1l4
meet; welcome; 1, p. 1 n. , L. 30, p. 269
47, p. 430 movie n. , L. 37, p. 336
20, p. 184 L. l , p. 1
jìyì, L. 29, p. 262 duõ, pref , L. 23, p. 209
men and women, young and duõ mínzú, adj. , L. 47, p. 427
bÓwùguan, n. , L. 30, p. 269
V. -C., L. 46, p. 415 L. 35, p. 318
mention; regard; lùn, V. , L. 19, p. 170 must; have to, L. 2, p.14
mention; speak tíqi, V.-c. , L. 43, p. 388 mutton cubes roasted on a skewer;
a4f., L. 46, p. 415 n. , L. 15, p. 136
metropolis; chengshì, n. , L. 14, p. 129 mutual; each xiãnghù, L. 28, p. 252
middle period (of a century, mutually; with each hùxiãng, adv. , L. 44,
L. 47, p. 429 p.396
adj. , L. 11 , p. 103
military jünshi, n. , L. 17, p. 155 N
mineral n. , L. 6, p. 55 name of a province, L. 20, p. 184
mineral L. 6, p. 55 narrow; reduce; V. , L. 36, p. 328
the Ming Dynasty nation; a people; race;
L. 10, p. 89 L.47, p.427
shaoshù mínzú, 47, p. 427 the national n. , L. 40, p. 360
miracle; wonder, wonderful National Aquatics Guójiã
L. 17, p. 153 Yóuyong Zhõngxin, n. , L. 40, p. 362
miss; L. ll , p. 100 National Centre for the Performing
mistakenly V. , L. 3, p. 26 Guójiã L. 40, p. 362
mistress; xlaolao.po, n. , L. 43, the nationa11anguage; (here) the National Language of
p.388
misunderstanding, WÙhuì, n.lv. , the national phonetic a1 phabet (in use before the
L. 31 , p. 279 Chinese phonetic a1 phabet was implemented),
modal .ma, L. 2, p. 12 fúhào, n. , L. 31 , p. 280
modem drama; stage huàjù, n. , L. 30, National
p.269 L.40, p.362
modem, natural resources; L.24,
L. 1, p. 3 p.220
n. , L. 16, p. 145 naturally, zìrán, adv.ladj. , L. 23, p. 211
morals; morality; n. , L. 22, p. 201 nearby; tùjìn , p.w. , L. 4, p. 37
more and yuè lãl yuè... , L. 5, p. 48 need not; not have adv. , L. 8, p. 72
adv. , L. 32, p. 289 need; want; xüyào, v.ln. , L. 3, p. 25
n. , L. 3, p. 25 tùmiàn, adj. , L. 29, p. 261
wén.zi, n. , L. 5, p. 47 L. 31 , p. 278
bù .fen, L. 12, p. 115 neon light; neon n. , L. 15,
duõbànr, adv. , L. 3, p. 26 p.135
motherly n. , L. 16, p. 145 (in writing) new practice; new
motive; dòngji, n. , L. 44, p. 397 n. , L. 22, p. 202
487
L. 46. p.417
n.. L. 46. p. 418 L. 32, p. 289
new; novel; xïn.xiãn. cuij.. L. 19. p. 174 of one family or
L. 36. p. 327 of one's own free will, zìyuàn. L. 35. p. 318
xïnwén. n.. L. 23. p. 210 v.. L. 44. p. 396
n.. L. 12. p. 114 offer jìng. v.. L. 19. p. 172
n.. L. 31. p. 281 provide;
night market; night n.. L. 15. p. 134 n..
L. 27. p. 245 office worker;
what, how. etc.; regardless p.81
conj.. L. 11. p. 100 offioe; L. 27. p. 243
adv.. L. 37. p. 336 adj.. L. 42, p. 380
no wonder; so conj.. often seen; changjlàn. cuij.. L. 20.
L.6, p.54 p. 185
n.. L. 20. p. 183 often; al\ the shíshí.adv.. L. 21 , p. 192
often; adv. , L. 11 , p. 103
n. , L. 4. p. 38
L. 47. p. 428 oh (indicating o. L. 10,
L. 20. p. 182 p.89
L. 47, p. 428 Oh!; Ah l (It expresses anger. irritation, contcmpt or
not be a1 lowed to, not L. 10, p. 92
p.408 0lympics;
búgòu, v.ladv. , L. 23. p. 211 p.362
not equal to; not as v. , L. 9, p. 79 on; for; duìyú , prep. , L. 30, p. 269
hao wú. L. 31. p. 279 on a large
not necessari\ y; not onone;
L. 35.p. 318
not to mention; needless to búyòngshuõ, on on the
L. 3.p.24 p.135
n. , L. 20, p. 185 on the adv. , L. 5, p. 47
now; at L. 13. p. 122 fan'ér, conj.. L. 33.
n.. L. 4, p. 39 p.299
a number p. 288 biaomiàn.shàn9o adv.. L. 11.
number; shùliàng, n. , L. 36. p. 326 p.l03
nursing n. , p.318 lù.shang. adv. , L. 13, p. 122
n. , L. 33, p. 299 on in
L. 36, p. 328
o a time; sometime ago; in past
obesity, n. , L. 46, p. 418 L. 16, p. 142
obesity; L. 33, p. 299 yìguó n. ,
n., L. 20, p. 185 L.42.p.379
adj. , L. 41. p. 371 one L. 41 , p. 371
observe; watch; guãnchá, v. , L. 13 , zhïyi, L. 36. p. 327
p. 122 one side; one yímiãn, n. , L. 14, p. 129
obstacle; 28, p. 251 one's husband or 19, p. 173
obtain L. 24, p. 220 one's L. 35, p. 319
obviously; zÌji. pron. , L. 6, p. 54
occasion; n. , L. 19, p. 173 only if; only when;
p.237
488
on1y; a10ne; guãng, adv. , L. 23 , p. 211 p.397
dallkãi, V.-C. , L. 1, p. 2 the Palace L. 14, p. 127
open to the V. , L. 15, p. 135 panda habitat; panda
open; V. , L. 11 , p. 101 n. , L. 16, p. 143
the opening-up and reform China starting in panda; giant
1ate gaigé kãifàng , n. , L. 11 , p. 142
p.l0l paragraph; part; AN, L. 19, p. 171
v. -C., n. , L. 4, p. 38
L.5, p.48 park (one's V.-O. , L. 41 , p. 370
opinion on public affairs; yánlùn, n. , p1ace (a car or a

L. 30, p.272 p.203
opinion; L. 18, p. 162 attend (an
L. 42, p. 378 p.343
the Opium L. 26, p. 235
V.-O. ,
L. 42, p. 378 pass on to; spread chuánrù, V. , L. 48, p. 436

n. , L. 13, p. 122 pass; be (in a tõngguò, V. , L. 29,
oppose; be opposed to; object fanduì, V. , L. 35 , p.261
p.318 pass; guò, V. , L. 4, p. 38
xiãngfan, adj. , L. 8, p. 70 pass; chuán, V. , L 48, p. 436
oppress; yãpò, V. , L. 25, p. 228 pass; through; go
35, p. 317 p.1
L. 18, p. 162 n. , L. 21 , p. 193
n. , L. 21 , p. 194 n. , L. 13, p. 122
order dishes (in a V.-O. , passenger L. 36, p. 326
L.20, p.182 hùzhào, n. , L. 9, p. 81
orderly; L. 40, p. 361 past, past; guòqù, n. /adv. , L. 23,
ordinarily; 14, p. 129
organize, L. 17, p. 153 paste; stick; tie, V. , L. 38, p. 343
original, adj. , L. 6, p. 56 n. , L. 6, p. 56
original1y; at benlãi, adv. , L. 3, p. 26 pay, L. 19, p. 174
the other side; the other 18,
p. 162 pay attention
lìng, adj. , L. 3, p. 27 n. , L. 12, p. 114
other; L. 30, p. 269 pedestrian crossing; cross-walk with stripes
otherwise; or yào.burán, like those of a
p.237 L.21 , p.193
L. 38, p. 344 Peking
outside; extemal; wàilãi, adj. , L. 44, p.261
p.396 rénmín , n. , L. 22, p. 201
outstanding; adj. , L. 38, p. 343 People's Republic
overhead bridge that goes across a: street; overpass, Gònghéguó, n. , L. 22, p. 201
L 21 , p. 192 peppery; 20, p. 182
overseas; 11 , p. 101 ba iTen zhi ..., n. , L. 47, p. 427
owing to; due yóuyú , prep. , L 16, L. 42, p. 378
p. 145 (in school, work,
own; yõngyèíu , V. , L. 34, p. 309 n. , L. 29, p. 262
(time) shíqi, n. , L. 43 , p. 386
p person of ability; talented
the Pacific n. , L. 44, L. 38, p.343
489
personnel; staff pour out; L. 22, p. 203
n. , L. 39, p. 351 practice, v.ln., L. 13, p. 122
xiànxlàng, n. , L. 23 , p. 209 qìgõng , V.-O. , L. 33,
n. , L. 48, p. 436 p.299
phonetic 31 , p. 280 L. 40, p. 361
photo; 8, p. 70 prefer sons to daughters; up to rnen and down on
zhòngnán qingnìí , Idm. , L. 25,
physical tTiì, n. , L. 39, p. 352 p.226
physician; L. 5, p.48 L. 29, p. 260
piece; lurnp; kuàl, AN, L. 5, p. 46 L. 38, p. 343
suõzàl, n., L. 48, p. 440 present; n. , L. 24, p. 219
L. 14, p. 129 preserve; keep (prevent frorn
places ofscenic beauty and historic interest, L. 40, p. 360
gUjì, n. , L. 48, p. 437 L. 35, p. 318
plain; 47, p. 428 against; L. 17,
plan; project, n.lv., L. 39, p. 351 p. 155
planned n. , L. 39, L. 42, p. 380
p.351 L. 10, p. 89
plate; dish; L. 7, p.63 print, L. 30, p. 272
plate; L. 22, p. 200 private sishì, n. , L. 18, p. 164
play ball; play a ball daJ/qiú , V.-O. , L. 14, private sijiãchë, n. , L. 9, p. 79
p. 128 probably; rnaybe,
play dallpál , V.-O. , L. 21 , p. 193 L.24, p.220
V.-O. , L. 14, p. 128 produce (for abstract
Huãhuã L. 31 , p. 279
(p olite) excuse rne; rnay 1 ask production (for concrete
L.4, p. 37 L. 47, p. 428
n. , L. 15, p. 135 professional, one's L. 39,
poems and songs n. , p.351
L. 30, p.271 prohibit; ban; jìn, V. , L. 30, p. 272
nose into others' V. , L. 27, p. 244
V. , L. 26 , p. 236 proof, L. 41 , p. 370

L. 16, p. 145 propaganda,
polite expressions; civilities; social L.23, p.211
L. 33 , p. 298 properly, proper; appropriate;
poJite remarks; L. 19, p. 174 L. 11 , p. 103
political L. 22, p. 201 prosperous;
n. , L. 22, p. 201 p. 154
pollution, L. 41 , p. 370
n. , L. 46, p. 416 L. 20, p. 182
poor; 10, p. 90 public; acÿ. , L. 4, p. 37
n. , L. 14, p. 129 public; open information,
n. , L. 45, p. 406 L. 32, p. 289
a portion; a bù.fen, n. , L. 34, p. 309 publish; corne V. , L. 30, p. 269
position; publishing n. , L. 30, p. 269
n. , L. 39, p. 350 00 zhunshí, L. 1, p. 1
n. , L. 4, p. 37 V. , L. 36, p. 327
n. , L. 4, p. 40 put forward; advance; V-C. , L. 22,

pot; pan; cauldron, p.202
490
put in order; straighten V. , L. 2, p. 12 receive (usually take a verb as shòudào.
put off until sometime V. , L. 18, v.. L. 30, p. 272
p. 162 receive takes a verb as an
(common speech ofthe Chinese language), L. 11 , p. 101
n. , L. 23 , p. 208 receive; L. 6. p. 55
33.p. 298
Q adv.. L. 6, p. 55
qigong, a system of deep breathing recorded utterance; of
L. 33, p. 299 L.43.p.386
(221-206 acfi. L. 14. p. 128
p.155 reduce; drop; jiàngdï.
Qin Shi Huang; First EmperorofQin (259-210 B.C.), retined; adj.. L. 26. p. 236
Oínshlhuáng, n. , L. 17, p. 154 reflect; ret1ex; V. , L. 25 , p. 227
the Qing Dynasty 30. V" L. ll. p. 101

p.270 L. 34, p. 310
Qinghai L. 36. p. 326 regional L. 42, p. 380
Qinghai-Tibet (R ailway) register; send by registered V.-o..
n. , L. 36, p. 326 L. 4, p. 38
L. 24. p. 220 regulation; L. 21 , p. 193
hao jr.... L. 5, p. 48 18.p. 162
quite; adv.. L. 25, relax V. , L. 30, p. 272
p.226 relax in a cool v.-o.. L. 14,

p. 128
R relevance, n.. L. 1. p. 3
race; SU.ffI X, L. 47 , p. 427 n.. L. 47, p. 428
shõuyïnjï, n. , L. 34, p. 309 reluctant1y; adv. , L. 32.
radio broadcast, n. /v.. L. 23 , p.290
p.211 L. 20, p. 184
tielù, n. , L. 36. p. 326 remote;
v.. L. 44, p. 395 rent. L. 9.p. 78
raise; heighten; L. 24, p. 221 repair; xiüll. V. , L. 17. p. 155
randomly; L. 22, p. 203
reach dáchéng , v.. L. 28, p. 251 V. , L. 34, p. 310
read V. , L. 44, p. 395 replace; substitute L. 11 , p. \02
reaJ n. , L. 42, p. 380 report,
reaJ ity; report, L. 32, p. 288
reaJ ize; understand; L. 17, p. 153
V. ,
dào , V. , L. 27, p. 244 n.. L. 22, p. 201

re aJ ly; honestly; shízài. adv. , L. 19, the Republic of China (1 912 - presen t, the government
p. 172 moved to Taiwan in
really; adv. , L. 34. p. 310 Mínguó, n.. L. 15, p. 135
the zhïsuoyí, conj. , L. 44, p. 398 request; n. , L. 18, p. 162
reason; yuányïn, n.. L. 6, p. S6 jümín. n. , L. 33, p. 299
reason; dào .li, n. , L. 29, p. 262 respect; aspect; n. , L. 2, p. 14
L. 29, p. 262 respect; value; zünzhòng,
39, p. 353 p.252
receive (guests); v. , L. 19, L. 26, p. 237
p. 173 restj have a xiü.xi, V. , L. 5, p. 46
n. , L. 2, p. 13
491
n. , L. 20, p. 183 safety net, guarantee;
V. , L. 42, p. 378 L. 32, p. 289
retain; continue to have; salesclerk; shop
p.281 L. 11. p. 102
tuìxiü, V. , L. 39, p. 350
huíguï, n. Iv., L. 42, p. 379 gre , L. 33 , p. 0
retum to one's húV/guó, v.-o" L. 38, satisfied; manyì, adj. , L. 35, p. 319
p.345 say da zhão.hu, V.-o.. L. 16, p. 144
n. , L. 43, p. 386 scale; guïmó, n.. L. 17. p. IS5
(cooked) n.. L. 20, p. 183 scenery;
jTngdlan, n.. L. 14. p. 127
p. 185 leamed n. , L. 30. p. 270
millet gruel; L. 15. p. 134
p.183 seat of L. 19. p. 170
L. 25 , p. 227 L. 19. p. 171
rich; fëngfù , adj.. L. 24, p. 220 the second of ten Heavenly
rich; wealthy; L. 34, L. 32, p. 288
p.308 n.. L. 9, p. 78
riddle; n. , L. 26, p. 236 the Second World War
ride (an animal or a qí, v.. L. 9, p. 79 L. 44, p. 396
ridicule; laugh p. 227 L. 40, p. 363
adj. , L. 40, p. 361 seem; as haoxiàng…shì.de.
right side; yòubiãnr, n. , L. 25 , p. 227 p. 144
quån , n. , L. 28, p. 251 seize; v.. L. 26, p. 236
L. 21 , p. 193
V. , henshão.
L. 16, p. 145 xuanzé, v.. L. 20, p. 183
RMB; Renminbi. Chinese monetary L. 48. p. 438
L. 9, p. 80 11 , p. 102
21 , p. 192 semester; school n. , L. 46, p. 415
road; n. , L. 9. p. 79 send; L. 4, p. 38
the roads circling the city; ring road; loop send; send out; give V. , L. 37, p. 337
gõnglù , n. , L. 40, p. 362 senseof gan. SufflX, L. 40, p. 361

roast sense of fãngxlànggan , n.. L. 40.
romantic n. , L. 32, p. 289 p.361
lóngwü, n. , L. 2, p. 11 a sense of nostalgia; nostalgic sentiments,
rote good old huåijiù, n.lv.. L. 43, p. 386
p.261 sentence L. 46, p. 417
roughly; more or adv. , L. 35 , p. 317 separate; cut
L. 4, p. 37 p.437
pèng//.dào, L. 19, p. 173 (said of iIIness , adj. ,
run washed L. 38, L.9, p.79
p.344 serious; L. 30, p. 271
rustic; lacking in social graces or service n., L. 4, p. 37
L.8, p.70 service window;
p.38
S service, serve; give service n.lv. , L. 8,
2, p. J3 p.71
safe and sound; without set one's mind at rest; feel
L. 22, p. 200 v.-O. , L. 2, p. 11
492
set out; 11. , L. 17, p. 154 sirnple and L. 28, p. 250
a set phrase; L. 26, p. 235 sirnplified Chinese L.
set up; establish, ìt., L. 24, p. 220 p.210
(in writing) set up; shù, 11. , L. 22, p. 202 sirnply; L. 2, p.13
set up; 41 , p. 371 sin; n. , L. 6, p. 55
17.2, 17.2, shÍqi disn èr, L. 45, p. 405 L. 23, p. 210
sewing L. 34, p. 309 since ancient zì gìí yilál, L. 39, p. 352
adj. , L. 39, p. 352 L. 18, p. 164
Shandong 8hãndõng, n. , L. 20, p. 183 Xinjlãpõ, n. , L. 38, p. 344
n. , L. 36, p. 327 single n., L. 2 , p. 11
Shanxi 8hãnxi, n. , L. 13 , p. 121 "single-bom-son-daughter"; only
L. 25, p. 228 dúshëng zTnÕ, n. , L. 33, p. 300
L. 8, p. 71 dãnqin jlãtíng, n. , L. 32.
n. , L. 20, p. 185 p.290
n. , L. 16, p. 144 sing-song; L. 15, p. 134
shift to an earlier of schedule; beforehand, sink (in a xTshoutãl, n. , L. 12, p. 114
tíqlán, v.ladv. , L. 39, p. 350 qíng.xlng, n., L. 19, p. 174
xié.zl, n. , L. 24, p. 219 qíngkuàng, n. , L. 21 , p. 194
L. 20, p. 183 skill; craftsmanship;
shop; n. , L. 8, p. 69 L. 19, p. 173
shopkeeper; laoban, n. , L. 10, p. 89 n. , L. 40, p. 361
gusn, n. , L. 8, p. 69 slogan (usually on a banner or
shortcorning; defect; quëdian , n. , n. , L. 22, p. 200
L. 29, p. 262 slogan; n. ,
shortcoming; n. , L. 41 , smal1 n. , L. 12, p. 115
p.372 small number; few; shaoshù,
suõduan, 11. , L. 36, p. 327 L. 44, p. 396
text n. , L. 37, smalI n. , L. 4 , p. 39
p.337 12, p. 114
should; ought gãi, aux. , L. 5, p. 48 srnelly; chòu, adj. , L. 12, p. 115
show due respect for somebody's and steady; adj. , L. 42,
v.-o. , L. 18, p. 162 p.380
show filial
493
n. , L. 47, p. 428 statue; portrait; n. , L. 17, p. 153
n. , L. 42, p. 378 stay; remain; liú, V. , L. 38, p. 344
L. 21 , p. 194 steam in clear soup (usua1ly without soy
Special Administrative qingzhëng, L. 20, p. 184
L. 42, p. 380 steamed 20, p. 183
special field of study; 29, steamed stuffed n. , L. 20, p. 183
p.260 L. 18, p. 163
specia1 flavor; 10ca1
p. 122 n. , L. 34, p. 310
specia1 10cal 13, p. 122 sting; ding, V. ,
specific; aq;., L. 21 , p. 194 V. , L. 20, p. 184
sùdù, n., L. 48, p. 438 soy L.

speed L. 36, p. 327
V. , p. 185
spend V.-O. , L. 10, p. 92 n. , L. 42, p. 380
spend (time or V. , L. 16, p. 143 stomach; p.46
spend (time); pass (time tín g, V. , L. 21 , p. 192
p.80 stop up; block 9, p. 78
spit; expectorate, V.-O. , L. 22, p. 200 stop; halt;
V.-C. ,L. 2, p. 13 store; 2, p. 13
spoon; n. , L. 7, p. 63 (archaic) store; L. 30, p. 270
a sporting match; yùndònghuì,
p.362 story; floor; a lóu, n. , L. 9,
squat on one's V. , L. 12, p. 113 p.81
stable (only modity abstract wendìng, n. , L. 31 , p. 278
aq;., L. 27, p. 244 strange; awkward; weird,
stable; quiet; (modity abstract nouns p. 174
L. 24, p. 220 strange; mòshëng, 11 , p. 100
tìyùchang, n. , L. 40, p. 362 L. 30, p. 270
staff and zhígõng, n. , L. 39, p. 350 L. 4, p. 38
p.39 street corner; L. 44, p. 396
stand; on one' s 21 , p. 194
standard; criterion, biãozhun, n.laq;., strengthen; jiãqiãng, V. , L. 36, p. 328
L. 28, p. 252 stress on wénmíng, L. 22,
standard; V. , L. 24, p. 221 p.202
standard; norma1, to; be particular V. ,
p.208 L.22, p.202

standardized n. , L. 23 , strict; severe; adj. , L. 1, p. 2
p.208 stroll; go v. , L. 10, p. 91
staple food; principal n. , L. 20, strong point; good n. , L. 41 ,
p. 183 p.372
start school; enter ruxué, v. -0. , L. 29, L. 20, p. 185
p.260 V. , L. 2, p. 13
start; V. , L. 3, p. 24 subject under discussion; yìtí, n., L. 43 ,

n. , L. 45 , p. 408 p.387
station; zhàn, n. , L. 4, p. 37 L. 17, p. 154
statistics, add up; n.lv. , L. 45, L. 41 , p. 371
p.405 succeed in L. 34, p. 311
Statue of ZÌyóu Nðshen xlàng, n. , success, succeed,
L. 17, p. 153 n./v.laq;., L. 27, p. 244
494
suffer from diarrhea; have 100se the Tang L. 48, p. 437
v.-o. , L. 5, p. 46 tap water, 6, p. 55
suit; adapt; get wíth L. 42, p. 379 L. 13, p. 122
V. ,
n. , L. 2, p. 12 taste; n. , L. 34, p. 309

the Summer L. 14, p. 127 jìchengchë, n. , L. 31 , p. 280
summer vacation tíme; summer 9 , p. 78
n. , L. 46, p. 415
surface; L. 11 , p. 103 L. 18, p. 164
xìng, n. , L. 4, p. 39 teaching L. 30, p. 271
surround; L. 28, p. 250 teaching; education;
sustain; keep; p.396
sweep; telephone; phone n. , L. 2, p. 1I
tian, ac{j., L. 20, p. 182 n. , L. 2, p. 12
swel1ing; 5, p. 47 televÎSion dJànshÌjï, n. , L. 45 , p. 405
V. , L. 40, p. 362 tel1; V. , L. 15 , p. 136
symbol, n. Iv., L. 17, measure word
p. 153 L. 40, p. 360
sympathize, v.ln. , L. 37, the Temple n. , L. 40, p. 360
p.335 transient; for the time zànshí,
syndrome; L. 46, p. 418 L. 38, p. 344
27, p. 244 ten qiãnwàn, L. 14, p. 129
n. , L. 42, p. 379 tense; intense; adj., L. 5, p. 48
a term used to address a skilled craftsman such as a taxi
T driver, shoemaker, chef,
tab1e tennis; p.71
L.28, p.250 terribly, terrib1e; lì.hai , adv.ladj. , L. 9,
taijiquan, a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing, p. 78
n., L. 14, p. 128 test; examination, take a 29,
Taiwãn, n., L. 11 , p. 101 p.260
take (photos, movíes, etc.); pãi, V. , L. 16, n. , L. 44, p.
p. 144 L. 46, p. 416
take A as B; regard Aas yT...wei..., L. 35 , the abbrevíation
p.320 Àoyùnhuì, n. , L. 40, p. 362
take a picture; take photographs, v.- the Republíc of China (1912 - present, the govemment
L.37, p.336 in 30,
take a strol1 with one's caged li Ùl/niãor, p.270
V.-O. , L. 14, p. 128 n. , L. 40, p. 362
take a walk; go for a V.-O. , L. 15, then; at that dãngshí, t. W. , L. 47, p. 429
p.134 then; adv. , L. 23 , p.211
advantage of (time, (written) there is wú , L. 31 , p. 279
prep. , L. 16, p. 142 therefore; yïncT, L. 23 , p. 211
take care of; 100k zhào.gù, V. , L. 2, p. 13 thermos n. , L. 6, p. 55
take off; cast tuõ, V. , L. 26, p. 235 shòu,
take one's seat at a banquet, ceremony, 3, p. 26
rùl/zuò, V.-O. , L. 19, p. 171 thíng; L. 44, p. 396
take; highly of; value; take something
talk abou t, L. 46, p. 418 L. 29, p. 262
talk with each other; converse; V. , think; consider; hold , 3, p. 26
L. 13, p. 122 n. , L. 22, p. 203
495
thought; sïwei, n. , L. 48, p. 439 jiãotõng dlisè , n. , L. 9 , p. 79
thousands upon traffic hónglÒdëng , n. , L. 9 , p. 80
idm., L. 15, p. 134 training, n. Iv., L. 29, p. 261
three generations living under the same roof (part of the (electric) n. , L. 41 , p. 371
"big famil y" system in old transit, guòdù, L. 34, p. 311
idiom, L. 35 , p. 319 translate; L. 48, p. 437
three kinds 9, p. 81
p. 186 trave1er's IÕxíng zhipiào, n. , L. 9,
n. , L. 40, p. 363 p.81
Tian An Men; Heavenly n. , L. 42, p. 379
L. 22, p. 201 troublc; problem; n. , L. 5, p. 47
Tiãnjin, n. , L. 44, p. 395 troublesome; adj. , L. 7,
L. 36, p. 326 p.63
n. , L. 36, p. 326 kù.zl, n. , L. 26, p. 235
16, p. 143 true; adj. , L. 46, p. 416
16, p. 144 truly; really, genuine; true; zhënzhèn g,
(said of a financial market) high demand , adv.ladj. , L. 46, p. 419
aq;., L. 34, p. 310 T-shirt, L. 43 , p. 388
-times; 41 , p. 370 v. , L. 39, p. 351
tip; gratuity, V.-c. , L. 5, p. 48
tit1e; n. , L. 22, p. 203 tum L. 39, p. 351
nín , L. 19, p. 172 TV dram a; soap diànshìjù, n. , L. 40,
TOEFL; Test ofEnglish as a Foreign p.363
n. , L. 38, p. 343 TV screen, píngmù, n. , L. 23, p. 210
yíkuàir, 18, p. 163 thc two Taiwan Strait; mainland China and
n. , L. 12, p. 113 lIang'àn, n. , L. 31 ,
toilet n. , L. 12, p. 114 p.278
toilet; 12, p. 113 a two-part metaphorical or allegorical
too; L. 39, p. 351 n. , L. 26, p. 235
tool; gõngjù, n. , L. 13, p. 122 type; L. l , p.2
topic of 18, p. 164 type; dallzì, V.-o. , L. 37, p. 337
tourist;
p.134 U
L. 39, p. 351 U.S. 9, p. 81
máojin , n. , L. 2, p. 12 unable V. -C., L. 21 , p. 193
town and country; city and bÚjìng, aq;., L. 15,
L. 36, p. 328 p.136
trade; L. 27, p. 244 under (a given point or
n. , L. 25 , p. 226 L.45, p.408
traditional alleys in 40, undergraduate n. , L. 38,
p.362 p.343
traditional Chinese 23, underground; aq;., L. 21 ,
p.210 p. 193
traditional Chinese comic xiàng.sheng, underpants; undershorts,
n. , L. 40, p. 363 V. , L. 22, p. 203
a traditional Chinese-style compound with rooms understand; v. , L. 26, p. 236
around a n. , L. 40, understand; comprehend;
p.361 p.25
n. , L. 9, p. 79 n. , L. 7, p. 62
496
wages; göngzi, n. , L. 25 , p. 228
unexpectedly; to one's adv. , L. 13 , L. 7, p. 62
V. ,
p. 121 wake up; sober v.. L. 3 , p. 25

unexpectedly; to walk (somebody); accompany; sòng, V. ,
p.436 L. 19.p. 172
walk; go on V.-O. , L. 9 , p. 80
n.. L. 39, p. 350 Wangfujing, Beijing's most famous

unite; L. 22. p. 202 n. , L. 9, p. 78
unnecessary; duõyú , adj.. L. 26, p. 236
until then; until that dào shí.hòu, L. 18, L. 34, p. 308
p. 162 wën. adj. , L. 34, p. 308
L. 12, p. 115 xi, V. , L. 3, p. 24
:i)
L. 13. p. 122 wash one's hair; shampoo one's
upper outer garment, shàngyï, n.. L. 15. p. 136 V. -o., L. 8. p. 71
urge; V. , L. 19. p. 171 washing L. 7, p. 62
use; make use of; n. , L. 46,
p.235 p.418
youyòng, adj. , L. 46, p. 417 waste;
utility; material gõnglì. n. , L. 44, p. 397 p.54
utterly; completely; at all (always used in negative L. 34, p. 309
watch V. , L. 23 , p. 211
V the Water n. , L. 40, p. 362
vague; mó.hu, adj.. L. 43, p. 387 n., L. 5, p. 46
vast; guang, adj. , L. 47, p. 427 way a thing or person used to
qingcài. n.. L. 20, p. 184 n. , L. 30, p. 270
shücài, n. , L. 34, p. 309 way of 23, p. 210
vendor's stand; 15, p. 136 way; means; L. 23 , p. 211
n. , L. 20, p. 185 way; n. , L. 20, p. 184
very, .dehen , L. 2, p. 13
very; L. 19, p. 174 weed out the old forth the new,
video n. , L. 43 , p. 388 tuï L. 48 , p. 440
vie for; scramble V. , L. 19, 8, p. 69
p. 174 welcome; be received huãnyíng, V. ,
L. 43, p. 387 L. 37, p. 336
view; a way of looking at a L.28,
p.251 western; yãng , adj. , L. 48, p. 436
vigor; n. , L. 40, p. 364 xïhuà, n. , L. 48, p. 438
vigor; vitality; n. , L. 6. p. 54 wheat-based n. , L. 20, p. 182
adj. , L. 6, p. 54 n.ladj. , L. 16, p. 143
n. , L. 45, p. 406 a whole day; all day zhengtiãn,
visit (a place); look V. , L. 13 , p.25
p. 121 whole; L. 29, p. 260
visit L. 28, p. 250 whole; L. 22, p. 202
visitor (to a park, etc.); wide; kuãn , l , p. 3
p. 127 wide; kuãnkuò, L. 40, p. 362
n. , L. 46, p. 417 widespread; general; pubiàn, adj. , L. 7,
vomit, tù, V. , L. 5, p. 46 p.62
L. 32, p. 289
w n. , L. 11 , p. 102
497
L. 11 , p. 102 \1., L. 23 , p. 210
wine; L. 15, p. 134
with great adv.ladj., L. 2, p. 14 X
within the city; n. , L. 47, p. 428
p.3
without loosing time; hastily; gãnjin, Y
adv. , L. 16, p. 144 (age suì, n., L. 33, p. 298
L. 25, p. 228 yet; but; conj. , L. 28, p. 251
women (as a collective fÙ nÕ , n. , L. 32, you L. 2, p. 14
p.288 adj. , L. 11 , p. 100
word; n. , L. 11 , p. (said of age) young; small in number, degrec, ctc. ,
wording; choice yòngyìí, n. , L. 26, æfi. , L. 19, p. 171
p.235 the L. 40, p. 360
wording; way of saying a Yungang Yúngãng
L.31 , p.280 p.121
(colloquial) L. 39, p. 351
work; L. 30, p. 271 z
L.I0, p. 89 people,
worries; vexation, be vexed; be p.428
L. 33 , p. 299 L. 21 , p. 193
\1., L. 1, p. 1
worry; make anxious; make Zhejiang n., L. 20, p. 182
p. 79 n. , L. 16, p. 142
would
498
Grammar Index
A L 11. N. 3, p. 105
... , L. 17, N. 3 , p. 158
V. chü.lãi, 19, N.4, p. 177
B chúfei...
L. 20, N. 2 , p. 188 p.239
L. 47. N.l. p. 431 L.3,
L. 2. N. \'0. p. 18 N. Il .p. 32
L. 42. N. 1. p. 382 N. 1, p. 365
L. 3. N. 14, p. 33
31. N. 3, p. 284
15.N.l.p.138 L. 23. N. 3. p. 213
L. 2, N. 5, p. 17 L. 28. N. 2. p. 254
cónglål méi V. L. 3 , N. 2, p. 29
L. 45. N. 3 , p. 411
L. 44. N. 5. p. 400 D
1\, N. 12, p. 109 5. N. 3. p. 50
L 6 , N. 7, p. 59 L. 13, N. 3. p. 124
L. 8, N. 8, p. 75 22, N. 1, p. 204
L. 5, N. 2. p. 49 L. 10, N. 2. p. 94
dàoshì...,
p.50
3, p. 303 dào
13, N. 2 , p. 124 L 26, N. 1, p. 238
L. 44 , N. 2, p. 400 .de L. 9. N. 1. p. 83
L. 35, N , 2 , p. 322 V.
L. 17, N. 4 , p. 158
p. 167 .de yàomìng ,
bÚ shì.. 13, N.I , L. 23 , N. 9, p. 215
p. 123 v. diào, 5, N. 8, p. 51
búshì... , L. 5, N. 5, p. 50 L. 5, N. 7, p. 51
L. 27 , N. 3 , p. 246 L. 1, N. 4 , ty. 5
L. 7 , N. 5, p. 66
p.138 L. 10, N. 3, p. 95
L. 37, N. 3 , p. 339 L. 38, N. 2 , p. 346
L. 3 , N. 15, p. 33 duì.. .chõngman 42, N.4,
19, N. 3 , p. 171 p.383
L. 10, N. 5, p. 96 3, N. 5, p. 30
L. 9 , N. 5. p. 85 duì... you L. 36, N. 2 , p. 330
11 , N. 6, p. 107 duì.. .zuòchü...
bù zhïdào + L. 5, N 3 , p. 223
N. 10, p. 52 L. 30, N. 1, p. 274
J. adj. , L. 4. N. 2 , p. 42
C L. 4 , N. 3, p. 42
J1, p.19 duõ L. 19, N. 7, p. 178
until), L. 3 , N. 12, p. 32 23 , N. 1, p. 213
L. 10, N. 8 , p. 96
L. 16, N. 1. p. 147 E
v. cheng , L 3, N. 16, p. 33 L. 21 , N. 3, p. 196
499
L. 29, N. 2 , p. 264 L. 8, N. 5, p. 74
5, N. 6, p. 50
F 18, N. 4 , p. 166
L. 36, N. 5 , p. 331 L. 3, N. 1, p. 28
L. 41 , N. 2 , p. 374 L. 4, N. 7, p. 43
G L. 8, N. 2 , p. 73
L. 8, N. 3 , p. 73
L. 3 , N. 17, p. 33 L. 10, N. 6 , p. 96
L. 16, N. 5, p. 148 L. 16, N. 2, p. 147
gan L. 43, N. 1, p. 391 41 , N. 3, p. 375
1Il1, L. 3, N. 6 , p. 30 L. 23 , N. 5 , p. 214
L. 19, N. 9, p. 179
L. 27 , N. 2 , p. 246
L. 8, N. 1, p. 73 K
gei... L. 1, N. 9 , p. 7 L. 39, N. 3, p. 356
L. 8, N. 4 , p. 74 L. 11 , N. 10, p. 109
L. 29, N. 3, p. 265 2, N. 16, p. 21
A gën B yõu/meiyõu guãn.xi, A 3Il L. 8, N. 6, p. 74
L. 30, N. 3 , p. 274
key'í L. 30, N. 2 , p. 274
L. 3 , N. 4 , p. 29
L. 29, N. 1, p. 263 L
L. 6 , N. 6 , p. 58
L. 23 , N. 8, p. 215 time period + lál, time L. 23, N. 4,
L. 44, N. 1, p. 399 p.213
V. L. 3 , N. 7, p. 30 lãl 24, N. 1, p. 222
adj. 33, N. 1, p. 303
H 2 , N. 13, p. 20
hã i.. ., L. 9 , N. 4 , p. 84
N. 3 , p. 29 gèng búyòng
L. 45 , N. 4, p. 412 16, N. 6 , p. 149
L. 31 , N. 2 , p. 283 3, N. 19, p. 34
hao.ba ,L. 9 , N. 9 , p. 86 L. 11 , N. 8, p. 108
.. v., L. 22, N. 4 , p.
p. 148 L. 19, N. 1, p. 176
L. 1, N. 5, p, 6
L. 22 , N. 2 , p. 204 M
hé...bi L. 8, N. 7, p. 75
L. 1, N. 12, p. 8 ..
L. 1, N. 8, p. 6 L. 37, N. 1, p. 339
L 44, N. 4 , p. 400
L 37, N. 4 , p. 340 L. 45, N. 1, p. 410
huàn yíjùhuà 39, N.2 , L. 6 , N. 9, p. 59
p.355 meiyou yì AN, L. 26, N. 2 , p. 239
J N
11 , N. 7, p. 107 nal'í! L 19, N.2, p.176
L. 25 , N. 3, p. 230 na , L. 33, N. 5, p. 304
L. 32, N. 2 , p. 292
12, N. 4 , p. 118 nándào... , L. 46, N. 2 , p. 422
37, N. 2 , p. 339
500
L. 43 , N. 2 , p. 391 w
nín L .4, N. 5, p. 43
L. 9 , N. 8 , p. 86 11 , N. 9, p. \0 8
p.65 19, N.5 , p. 178

L. 38, N. 1, p. 346
Q 11 , N. 2 , p. [05
L.11 , N.ll , p.109
V. X
v. L. 6, N. 3, p. 57 v. 32, N. 3, p. 293
V. two things), L. 36, N. 1, L. 25 , N. 2, p. 230
p.329 28, N. 6 , p. 256
L. 42 , N. 3, p. 383 L. 28, N. 1, p. 254
3, N. 8, p. 31 L. 6 , N. 10, p. 59
toward) , L. 17, N. 6 , p. 159
R [7 , N. 1, p. 157
L. 28, N. 4, p. 255 L. 9 , N. 7 , p. 85
L. 1, N. 7, p. 6 L. 22, N. 3 , p. 205
L. 6 , N. 5 , p. 58
14, N. I , p. 130 Y
20, N. 5, p. 189 40, N. 2 , p. 366
L. 32, N. 7, p. 294
S 10, N.4, p. 95
v. 34, N. 4 , p. 314 L. 43 , N. 3,
...shàng, a certain aspect), L. 12, N. 1, p.391
p.117 12, N. 6, p. 1l 8 ,
shàngdàng, 10, N. 10, p. 97 L. 25, N. 1, p. 229
20, N. 4 , p. 188
L. 9, N. 3 , p. 84 L. 35, N. 3, p. 323
L. 21 , N. 5, p. 196 L. 33, N. 6, p. 305
L. [9, N. 8, p. 179 L. 6 , N. 4 , p. 58
sh'í, 24, N. 2 , p. 222 L. 34, N. 1, p. 313
L. 7 , N. 6 , p. 66 3 , N. 18, p. 34
shì... ér búshì 45 , N. 5, p. 412
p.256 yìANb'í yìANadj. , - adj. , L. 9 , N. 6 ,
shì..., 2 , N. 2, p. 16 p.85
shòu... .de yì v. J jiù L. 9, N. 2, p. 83
p.106 15, N. 3, p. 138
L. 30, N. 4 , p. 274 yÌbãn lái L. 3, N. 13, p. 32
L. 46, N. 3 , p. 422 yÌbãn shuõ lãi, L. 20, N. 1, p. 188
L. 41 , N. [, p. 374 yÌb lãnr... ,
L. 28, N. 8, p. 257 N. 3, p. 400
suí.zhe...ér... 31 , N. 5, p. 284
32, N. 6 , p. 294 L. 2 , N. 17, p. 21
L. 34, N. 2 , p. 313 yíge 16, N.8, p. 150
L. 48 , N. 2 , p. 442 L. 23 , N. 7, p. 215
1, N. 13,
T p.8
L. 2 , N. 3, p. 16 33, N. 4,
p.304
44 , N. 7 , p. 401 11 , N. 5, p. 106
A zuòwél L. 46, N. 1, p. 422
501
L. 25, N. 4 , p. 231 until 18, N. 1, p. 165
L. 34, N. 3 , P‘ 314 L. 32, N. 4 , p. 293
L. 18, N. 2 , p. 166 L. 48, N. 1, p. 442
16, N. 7 , p. 149 L. 32, N. 8, p. 295
you.de... ,
N.2, p.131 L. 6, N. 1, p. 57
1, N. 2 , p. 5 L. 21 , N. 2 , p. 195
L. 33 , N. 2 , p. 303 12, N. 2,
L. 2, N. 14, p. 20 p. 1l 7
L. 10, N. 9 , p. 97 L. 36, N. 7, p. 332
d i1emma), L. 18, N. 3, Ji" L. 25, N. 5, p. 232
p. 166 tense), L. 6, N. 8, p. 59
L. 12, N. 5, p. 118
A yu B zhijiãn , L. 23, N. 2 , p. 213 2, N. 9, p. 18
16, N. 3, p. 147
L. 32, N. 1, p. 292 L. 46, N. 4 , p. 423
L. 15, N. 2 , p. 138 L. 32, N. 5 , p. 294
L. 5 , N. 9 , p. 51 20, N. 6 , p. 189
zhisuoyL. , 44, N. 6 ,
z p.401
L. 36, N. 4 , p. 331
L. 2 , N. 15, p. 20 L. 22, N. 5, p. 205
then), L. 4 , N. 6 , p. 43 L. 10, N. 7, p. 96
.?
zài 39, N. 4 , p. 357 zhiyào... , L. 11 , N. 1,
L. 40, N. 3 , p. 366 zhlyõu... , L. 14, N. 3 , p. 131
21 , N. 1, p. 195 L. 45, N. 2 , p. 411
31 , N. 4, p. 284 L. 35, N. 1, p. 322
L. 29, N. 4, p. 265
L. 28, N. 3, p. 254 17, N.7, p. 159
V. zhù , 17, N. 5 , p. 158
L. 39, N. 1, p. 355 L. 20, N. 3 , p. 188
L. 42, N. 2 , p. 382 23, N. 6, p. 214
36, N. 3, p. 331 L. 6, N.2, p. 57
zàl. . • 31 , N. 1, p. 283 L. 4 , N. 4 , p. 42
L. 28, N. 5, p. 255 L. 47, N. 2, p. 432
L. 36, N. 6 , p. 332
502
References
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of Califomia Press; 1968.
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ANewChina

An Intermediate Reader of Modem Chinese

Princeton University Press

Chinese Linguistics Project

Preface to the Revised Edition Xl

October 15, 2010

Like some earlier series, A New China is

Nowadays in the field of Chinese language instruction in the U.S. , it

As we have done in previous textbooks, we have made every inA

The numbers in parentheses within the lesson text correspond to the

jiàngluò v. land; descend

dài v. take; bring;

adv. luckily; fortunately

dàbã n. large bus

V. -c. f a11 asleep

1t was at seven o'clock this the plane landed as scheduled

When 1 passed through customs, 1 was a worried.

1 felt a little uncomfortable yesterday.

1 am a bit tired today.

It is China' s customs is very strict about inspecting this kind of

It is studied only one year of Chinese before he came to

According to Mr. man whom the school sent, present-day

takes a noun or verb-object construction as its object, which is

He knows very about China' s situation.

1 have a very good impression ofBeijing's

modifies a negative form and conveys a strong feeling.

this context means "to let" or "to a110w (someone to do

Let him do it.

My mother doesn't a110w me to eat and read at the same time.

Later on we rode in a bus.

1 plan to go to Beijing first and go to other places

He bought a book and then bought a few pens as well.

first impression that Beijing gave me the customs is lax.

The Beijing Capita1 Intemationa1 Airport impressed us very much.

We were impressed by how wide and highway was.

The impression 1 have of that student is that he is quite talkative.

My impression ofChina's customs is very favorable.

Our dorm is both big and comfortable.

He can speak Chinese, and he can speak English.

This magazine is a little what 1 imagined.

Beijing customs is just like customs in America, it is very lax.

Because ofthe weather, the airplane was unable to land on schedule.

We will have to stop because of the time.

1. Answer the following questions using the structures provided.

11. Choose the correct answer in parentheses to complete each sentence.

III. Make a sentence using the underlined structure(s).

IV. Combine the following pairs of sentences into a single sentence.

V. Complete the dialogues with the expressions provided.

VI. Translate into Chinése.

n. telephone; phone call

ylqle n. a11; every; everything

shùnlì smooth; successful

.ma mod a1 particle

v. be told; hear of;

n. respect; aspect; side

health; physique, healthy

Ifyou're not tired, then let's c1ean the room.

1 was a bit tired, but 1 was very excited.

His baggage may be large, not heavy.

We get along well.

Although he and 1 are only we get along very well.

This campus is not only pretty, but also safe.

Our rooms are even more comfortable than those in a hotel.

at the end of a declarative sentence, it emphasizes