JAA APTL Book 04 Chapter 4 (Engine Cooling)

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1. Piston engine a heat engine 22. Air Cooled Radiator ensures that there is an airflow through
the radiator even with the aircraft
2. Piston engine purpose is to convert the energy
stationary on the ground
released by the fuel into mechanical
energy and so do useful work 23. Pump circulates the liquid through the engine
3. thermal efficiency at best only 25-28% 24. Thermostat temperature is controlled by
4. thermal efficiency means that over 70% of heat energy 25. Header Tank the liquid is stored in a reservoir
released by the fuel is wasted
26. Pipes carry the liquid from the header tank
5. Exhaust Gas is responsible for around 40% to the engine
6. Turbine driven by driving some of this energy can be 27. Air flowing through dissipates the heat from the coolant to
supercharger recovered on some aircraft the radiator the air
(turbo charger)
28. Propeller the air-cooled engine uses the cooling
7. 32% this remaining percentage raises the Slipstream and air from
temperature of engine components and Aircraft's forward
if not controlled could lead to problems speed
8. Over temperature could result in breakdown of its 29. Propeller to transfer the heat generated in the
of the oil lubricating properties Slipstream and engine directly to the air
Aircraft's forward
9. Pre-Ignition the fuel can ignite as it enters the
speed
cylinder, before the spark plug fire this
is called 30. Cowled Engine to reduce drag and control the flow of
air around the engine
10. Knocking or the combustion process can become
Detonation unstable even if the mixture has been 31. Cowled Engine to ensure equal cooling
ignited by the spark plug
32. Cowled Engine so prevent over cooling at the front of
11. Knocking or both results in a loss of engine power the engine
Detonation
33. Cowl Flap or Gills the rate of flow can be altered on
12. High values of require the engine to operate at high some aircraft by a variable at the rear
thermal efficiency temperatures of the engine cowling
13. Low temperatures increase the internal friction of 34. Air Cooled engine has few moving parts and its simplicity
lubricants (high viscosity) make it virtually maintenance free
14. high viscosity this would increase Friction horse 35. Air Cooled engine lighter in weight than a similar
power and so reduce Brake Horse powered liquid cooled engine
Power
36. Air Cooled engine it is the preferred choice for aero
15. Highest To operate efficiently the engine must piston engines
Temperature operate at
37. Liquid cooling is more efficient
Consistent with
engine
Safe Operation
38. Liquid cooling gives better control of engine
16. Cooling System allowances for changes in the ambient
engine tempearature and produces less drag
and internal temperature require
on the aircraft
17. Cooling System to control and maintain temperatures
39. Liquid cooling used on high speed aircraft using very
18. Cylinder was dependent on the power required engine powerful engines
arrangement and type of cooling system used
40. air temperature this ambient can very widely with
19. Liquid Cooling two types of systems changes in climatic conditions and
and Air Cooling altitude
20. liquid cooling dissipates the heat from the engine by 41. air temperature dissipation of the heat will be more
system pumping a mixture of water and glycol rapid as the air temperature decreases
(anti-freeze)
42. Speed of the is governed by the slipstream and will
21. Air Cooled mounted in slip stream of the propeller airlfow vary with the speed of the aircraft
Radiator
43. Fan fitted behind the propeller to obtain a more 66. Cooling arrangement are designated to ensure
uniform speed of airlfow satisfactory cooling during flight
44. Ground it is when care must be taken to prevent 67. High Power is used which generates high
running over heating temperature in the engine
45. Cooling Fins ... 68. Forward Speed is reduced and airflow to the
engine is reduced
46. Finned the walls of the cylinder to increase the
cooling area 69. Descending Engine power is reduced and there
is less heat generated in the engine
47. Five to the inch average pitch for fins
70. Thermal Shock the sudden change in temperature
48. Fins are thin in section and may be extended to
could cause
increase fin area at local hot spots
71. Cowl flaps or Gills are fitted to better control of
49. Fins produce ab even temperature throughout
temperature
the component
72. Cylinder head and Oil should be closely monitored
50. Baffles directional air guides to direct the airflow
Temperatures during ground running
completely around the cylinder
73. internal parts of the cooled by the lubricating system
51. Baffles must always be close fitting and provide a
engine like pistons,
seal with the cowling, so that all the
valves
cooling airflow is over the cylinders
74. Shutting down whilst very hot can result in uneven
52. Cross sectional is maintained so that the airflow does not
the engine cooling and possible damage
area slow down and cause drag
75. At take off the cowl increase drag
53. Engine made if materials with high heat
flaps
components conductivity
54. Engine aluminum alloys are common usr
components
55. Cylinder head sometimes made of steel and to obtain a
better heat flow
56. Cowlings must be close fittings without dents or
projections to disturb the airflow
57. Cylinder head by its use of some aircraft the pilot can
temperature monitor the temperature of the engine
gauge
58. Cylinder head uses a sensor which is fitted to the engines
temperature cylinder head's
gauge
59. Hottest if only one sensor is fitted it will be fitted to
Cylinder the
60. Thermocouple the sensor
61. Principle is covered in depth in the electrical and
operation of a instrument objectives
thermocouple
62. Voltage sensor produces which directly
proportional to its temperature
63. Galvanometer the cockpit indication is displayed by a
sensitive moving coil meter called
64. Scale reads temperature and not voltage
65. Climbing at is preferable to prolonged use of best
best rate of angle of climb speed (Vx)
climb speed
(Vy)