Sunday, 1 November 2015

NEBOSH IGC -01 Importent Questions & Answers

UNIT IGC1: MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Element 1: Foundations in Health andSafety

1. Replacement or repair of damaged plant and equipment is a cost that an

organization may face following a workplace accident.

List EIGHT possible costs to the organization following a

workplace accident (or) (8) Identify the possible cost to an
organization following an accident in the workplace. (or) (8)Identify possible
costs to an organization resulting from inadequate health and safety
standards. (8)

(1-5) DirectCosts:

· Fines in the criminal courts.

· First- aid or medical cost.

· Workers sick pay.

· Overtime to make up for the lost time.

· Lost production time whilst dealing with theinjury.

· Compensation payable to the victim.

· Increase in insurance premium and indemnitypayment.

Indirect Costs:

· Loss of staff morale in the organization.

· Damage to public image and businessreputation.

· Cost of recruiting and training temporary or replacement of labour.

· Cost of remedial action following aninvestigation.

· General difficulties in recruiting and retainingstaff.

· Compliance with any enforcement noticeserved.

2. Explain the three good reasons for preventing accident in

the workplace(or) (8) Explain the
reasons for maintaining and promoting good standards of health and safety in the
workplace. (8)

The reason for maintaining the work place from preventing the accidents should be
structured aroundthe moral, social and economic reasons within theorganization.

Moral:

The moral reason is to provide a reasonable standard of care and reduce the
injuries, pain to workers suffering from workplace accidents and ill-health.

Legal:

The legal reason is that to avoid any enforcement action and civil claims.

Economical:

The economic benefits include but not limited to, more motivated workforce,
increase in production rates, and reduce in premium rates and to avoid any costs
associated with work place accidents.

Also by maintaining the work place by preventing accidents shall increase the
company reputation and maintaining the image and reputation of the company with its
various stakeholders, Improve the good safety culture in the organization.

3. Give the
meaning of the followingterm:
(10)

(a) Health:

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.

(b) Safety:

The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.

(c) Welfare:

Statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic

physical and material well-being of workers in need.

Ex: Provision of portable drinking water, Restroom etc.

(d) Environmental Protection:

Environmental protection refers to any activity to maintain or restore the quality

of environmental media through preventing the emission of pollutants or reducing
the presence of polluting substances in environmental media.

Ex: changes in production techniques.

(e) Near Misses:

A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage
– but had the potential to do so.

Example: A stone falls from height and close to your body but there is no accident
or damage to the property.

(f) Commuting Accidents

Every accident is referred to as commuting accident, which an insured person

suffers on the way to or from the place of the insured activity. These are mainly
road accidents, which represent more than half of the commuting accidents.

Or

A commuting accident is an accident an employee suffers while travelling to or from

his place of work.

(g) Hazard

Something that has the potential to cause harm including ill health, injury, loss
of product and/or damage to plant and property e.g. substances, machines, methods
of work etc.

For example:

Loud noise is a hazard because it can cause hearingloss.

(h) Risk

The likelihood of harm occurring and its severity. (Severity x likelihood)

For example:

Cement there is a risk that it may cause harm but the level of risk depend on
the circumstances

4. Outline:

1. Workers responsibility

2. Outline the health and safety

responsibilities of workers.
(4)
(1-8)

- Take responsible care of their own safety and that of other people who
might be affected by the things that they do and the things that they fail to do.

- Comply with Organization safety instruction and procedures.

- Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they
cannot themselves correct.

- Report any work-related accident or illhealth.

- Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.

3. Employers responsibility

4. Outline the health and safety responsibilities of employers towards

workers at work. (4) (1-8)

- To Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use

workingmethods

that are safe.

- Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and

use of health and safety measures.

- Introduce organisational arrangements relevant to activities and size

of undertaking

- Provide PPE and clothing without charge toworkers.

- Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest

breaks, does not adversely affect occupational safety andhealth.

- Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive

physical and mental fatigue.

- Keep up-to-date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with

the above.

5. Outline why it is important that all the persons in an organization are

aware of their roles and
responsibilities for health andsafety.

(8)

- By knowing their responsibilities is the right education and will

preserve the employee free from ill health.

- The awareness shall protect themselves and those around them from harm.

- The employees shall cooperate with employer including reporting any

situation that present imminent risk.

- The employee shall actively participate and exercise all health and
safety related matters and committees.

- The employee shall work towards and achieve the health and safety
standards set by the employer.

- The employee to be familiar with occupational health and safety

legislation compliance while at work.

- It will ensure them to keep the work place and the equipments are well
maintained without risk.

- To avoid any misuse of workplace welfare facilities provided.

6. Outline the insured and uninsured cost

by theemployer.
(8) Insured costs are,

- Employers liability

- Public / Third party liability

- Contractors all risk

- Plant and building damage

- Tool and equipment Uninsuredcosts

- Product and material damage

- Emergency supplies

- Production delays

- Overtime and temporary labour

- Investigation time

- Supervisors time diverted

7. Explain Employers Liability Insurance.

(3)

- Employers’ liability insurance is designed to protect workers who have

suffered a personal loss.

- The purpose of employers’ liability insurance is to satisfy requirements

for employers to carry appropriate insurance so that a worker, who is harmed due to
the fault of their employer, is assured of receiving compensation even though the
employer might have insufficient resources to pay compensation directly.
- This form of insurance also enables to pay any legal fees and
court fines.

Element 2: Health and Safety Management systems 1- Policy

1. Outline the purpose of an organizations health and safety policy.

- The purpose of the health and safety policy of an organization is to

create a structure and its approach to health andsafety.

- Protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by

preventing work related injuries, ill health.

- Complying with relevant occupational safety and health national and

international laws.

- The policy providing frame work for setting and reviewing

OSH objectives.

- Ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and

encouraged to participate.

- Allows the organization to improve the health and safety

standards continuously.

- It demonstrates management commitment to the policy objective.

- To ensure clear definition of the organizations goals, set our

responsibilities for health and safety matters.

2. Outline the issues that are typically included in the health and safety
arrangements section of a policy

(2-7)

- Carrying out risk assessment (Planning and organizing for health

and safety).

- Identifying and supplying health and safety information, instruction

and training.

- Accident and near miss reporting as per the internal reporting

procedure, recording and investigation.

- Consultation with workers on occupational health and safety matters.

- Developing safe system of work and permit to work system to control

hazards in the workplace.

- Details of specific hazards to the organisation, e.g. hazardous

substances or lone working.

- Carrying out specialist risk assessment such as those on

hazardous substances.

- Control of contractors and visitors.

- Provision of personal protective equipment and safety related training.

- Identify and take appropriate control measures against specific type of

hazards (e.g. Machinery, Hazardous Substance, Manual Handling, Fire etc.,)

- Compliance monitoring, including auditing of system but also the

measuring of workplace parameters, e.g. noise, to assess the effectiveness of
thearrangements.

- Communication of health and safety matters including hazards and

control measures.

3. Explain the purpose of the following sections of health and safety

policy Or Identify the three main sections of an organization’s health and safety
policy AND Outline the purpose of EACH

(2-4)

- Statement of Intent: Demonstrates management commitment towards health

and safety and sets goals and objectives of theorganization.

- Organization: The purpose to which is to allocate the health and safety

responsibilities within the company and reporting lines.

- Arrangements: Set out in detail the systems and procedures to show how
the policy is being implemented. (General arrangements are Planning, Organizing,
4C’s, Accident and reporting and Specific arrangements are fire, electricity,
manual handling, work at height)

4. Outline the main components of a health & Safety

management system. (or) (8)

Outline the key elements of a health and

safety management system. (8
) (2-1)

- Policy: The Company should have health and safety policies which
contributes the company business performance. This would allow the companies to
satisfy the expectation of shareholders, workers and customers. The policy must be
cost effective and aimed to achieve the health and safety standards. The health and
safety policies influence all the work activities and decisions of the company.

- Organizing: Organization those are successful in achieving high

standards of health and safety are structured and operated so as to put their
health and safety policies into effective practice. It must be organized by putting
effective communication and promotes the competency of workers which would enable
the workers to contribute their effort.

- Planning and Implementation: The successful organizations adopt a

planned and systematic approach to implement the policy as per their planned
action. Health and safety performance standards are established in each level and
measured periodically to ensure the implementation and the standards are achieved
as per the company policy and the action plan.
- Evaluation (Monitoring, Review, Measurement, Investigation): Proper
recording and monitoring system / mechanism to be established to measure and record
health and safety performance on a regular basis. Responsibility, accountability
and authority for monitoring at different levels in the management structure should
be allocated. Health and safety performance in organizations that manage health and
safety successful is measured against pre-determined standards. Best health and
safety practices to be applied in all the levels of management system. Continuous
review of health and safety management system is essential and this will provide to
achieve better health and safety standards.

- Audit: The formal process is specifically designed to determine the

extent to which the health and safety management system, or elements of it, are
compliant with standards (in place, adequate and effective)

- Action for improvement: Health and safety management system audits and
management reviews should be established to ensure the management system continues
to be effective. Arrangements should be established to aid the continual
improvement of health and safety management system.

5. Outline the circumstances that may require a health and safety policy
to bereviewed. (8) (2-7)

§ Technological changes, e.g. introduction of new plant or processes.

§ Organisational changes, e.g. changes to key personnel, such as a new CEO or MD,
or changes to the management structure of theorganisation.

§ Legal changes, such as the introduction of new legislation applicable to

the organisation.

§ Changes to the type of work that the organisationdoes.

§ Where an audit, investigation or risk assessment suggests the policy is no

longer effective.

§ When requested by a third party, such as an insurance company or client.

§ Following enforcement action.

§ Following consultation with the workforce.

§ After the passage of time (e.g. an annual review is a common practice).

Element 3: Health and Safety Management systems 2- Organising

1. Outline the health and safety roles and responsibilities of:

(3-2)

(a) Directors and seniormanagers;

 (6)

- To make sure that the company is complying with the moral and legal
requirements for health and safety.

- Ensure effective implementation of health and safety policy within

the company.

- To make employees understand that the management is not only responsible

but also accountable for health and safety matters.

- To ensure that the effective OSH training plans are in place for
all employees.

- To ensure that the company is giving health and safety as one of the
top priority.

- To ensure that the workers may feel at ease in raising the health and
safety issues to them and an effective method of employees consultation is
in place.

- Leads by example by showing commitment by getting involved in

all OSH campaigns / events.

- Carry out regular H & S meetings so that the issues can be addressed
timely manner.

- Involve and to be a part of health and safety committee to provide the

platform to resolve health and safety issues.

- To carry out safety tours to meet workers and compare the theory with
the reality.

- To ensure that organization’s motivation activities are there in place.

(b) Supervisors;

(6)

- To implement the safe system of work e.g. works to be carried out as per
approved systemwork.

- To provide escorts to the visitors coming to the site.

- To take reasonable care for all OSH matters of the employees working
under his supervision.

- To make sure that the employees with special risks like young workers,
disabled and pregnant ladies.

- Conduct regular tool box talks and to communicate all the health and
safety issues to the workers.

- To take initiatives in carrying out the jobs safely in consultation with

the workers.
- To be a part of team conducting risk assessments so that his knowledge
and experience will be helpful in foreseeing the risks associated with
the activities.

- To take disciplinary actions for all the breach of health and safety
issues by the workers.

- To assist in solving issues regarding the safety of equipment

at workplace.

- Issue and ensure all personal protective equipment are used while at
work and aremaintained.

(c) Person(s) with primary health and safety functions, eg health

and safetyofficer. (4)

- To advise on health and safety issues implementation to the site

management, supervisors and health and safety manager

- To play his role in implementing health and safety policy, procedures

within the company