Living-Limitations-And-Challenges-semi-pa-lang-talaga Drawing Near To Final Konti Na Lang Promise Edited

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Poblacion II, Malinta, Valenzuela City
Living Limitations and Challenges of the Relocatees in Housing and
Resettlement Program: A Case of Disiplina Village Bignay, Valenzuela City
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Arts and Sciences
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Social Work
HERNANDEZ, JERRIANE B.
LALATA, ELLAINE JOYCE A.
PALADO, JOY ANN C.
PENAROYO, ROLANDO JR. T
January 2018
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In the rapid growth of urbanization, the influx of rural migrators who sought
better economic opportunities is one of the causes of squatting. They build a house
without a permission from the government and without legal permits. They can be
characterized easily because of low quality of the houses. The location of their
dwelling is maybe on dangerous areas, government projects or a private property.
Generally, adequate housing is one of the important aspects of families’ well-
being. It is not enough that people have food. It is vital that they live in decent,
safe and affordable dwellings. Good housing gives them security and privacy in
their daily lives. In this regard, the government of the Philippines initiated the
construction of housing project especially for low-income families living in the
squatter settlement.
Major efforts have been directed towards providing decent housing to many
that lives in esteros, small shanties by the road side and the ever-increasing
squatters mostly in government properties. The low-income housing policy found
successful in developing and developed countries could always offer some insights
to local government authorities in their approach to provide better housing for the
poor and squatters. (Pajara, 1994)

The National Housing Authority (NHA) is the sole national agency mandated to
engage in housing production for low income families. They also generated
housing units from its regular programs consisting of resettlement, slum upgrading,
sites and services, medium rise housing and other housing assistance program.
In year 2010, created under the Presidential Degree (PD) 757 by President
Ferdinand Marcos, NHA today covers the whole archipelago with projects in all 81
provinces, 136 cities, and 1, 495 municipalities. It has produced housing units for
resettlement of families in dangerous areas, government infrastructure projects
and victims of calamities.
Yet, year after year, the problem of housing is still growing and beyond
solution. They are still families who lives in slums and other water ways areas.
There are some relocated families who chose to live in dangerous areas than to
the relocation site. It seems that there are existing problems encountered by the
relocatees in the place where they have been relocated.
Furthermore, Valenzuela City has also dilemma to the informal settlers
who dwells in private property and dangerous areas. Statistically, there are 5,136
informal settlers in 26 barangays according to Valenzuela Housing and
Resettlement office. In this said issue, the City Government of Valenzuela, through
the City Housing and Resettlement Office (HRO), and in cooperation with National
Housing Authority (NHA), a low rise in-city house was established, relocation site
named ‘Disiplina Village’ opened the doors for some informal settlers in Valenzuela
City. Disiplina Village Ugong was first established in partnership with private
entities and Non-Government Organizations in the city through the Dakilang
Handog Foundation, Inc. It was born as the City’s concrete direction towards
building safer homes for Valenzuelanos who are living in danger zones.
Years passed by, after the Valenzuela city opened its first relocation site for
informal settler families in the city, Valezuela City Local Government was built
another one relocation site which is located at Bignay.
January 2016 Disiplina Village Bignay had been established. It is the
biggest in-city relocation housing project that can accommodate 3,852 families
from informal settler communities living along the Tullahan River, other waterways,
and those areas in the city that were identified as “danger zones”. The City
Government of Valenzuela funded the acquisition of 11.6 hectares of land while
the National Housing Authority (NHA) provided ₱1.2 billion for the construction of
the housing buildings. The said project was designed by the city engineers office,
that has provisions for a three-story multipurpose building that houses a fire
station, police community precinct, and a health station; a chapel; a mortuary; three
day care centers; four basketball courts; two playgrounds; schools for primary and
secondary education and two parks. The community will also have its own jeepney
terminal and materials recovery facility. The local government of Valenzuela aims
that by the end of 2017, there will be no informal settler communities along
Tullahan River and other waterways in Valenzuela City. This includes the
sustainable programs and services being offered to the relocatees.
Theoretical Framework
The person-in-environment approach views the individual and his or her
multiple environments as a dynamic, interactive system, in which each component
simultaneously affects and is affected by the other (Hare, 2004). It views the
individual and his or her environments as forming an ecosystem, consisting of the
individual, all the systems with which the individual has reciprocal relationships,
the wider environment in which the individual acts, and all the mutual
interrelationships that occur between the individual and the various subsystems.
Within this ecosystem, individuals are influenced by and influence their
environments through their actions (Johnson & Yanca, 2001; Kondrat, 2002).
In this framework, the circle represents the Disiplina Village which is the
community of the relocatees. The houses represent the dwellers and around them
is the programs and services offered by the local government. The person in the
center represents the relocatee and around him is the basic needs in life. The
focused of this study is to identify the living limitations and challenges of the
relocatees in Housing and Resettlement Program. The researchers want to know
if the programs and services being offered to them is sufficient and effective.
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to assess the limitations and challenges of the
relocatees in terms of their living conditions inside the Displina Village, Bignay.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of the relocatees of Disiplina Village,
Bignay in terms of:
a. Number of households
b. Employment Status
c. Type of working institution
d. Monthly Gross Family Income
2. Which among the following programs and services of Disiplina Village,
Bignay does the relocatees encounter limitations?
a. Policies
b. Education
c. Health
d. Area or size of dwelling unit
e. Lightning and Fixtures
f. Location of site
3. How does the relocatees cope up with the challenges they encounter in
programs and services of Disiplina Village?

4. What life changes occur in the relocatees condition despite limitations and
challenges?
Significance of the Study
This study will be significant to:
City Government of Valenzuela. The findings of this research will contribute to
the local government of Valenzuela for the enhancement and strengthen of the
current programs and services for informal settlers.
Housing Resettlement Office of Valenzuela. The findings of the study will help
them to assess the effectiveness of their Housing Program. It will help them for
developing or formulating a program for the enhancement for their previous
programs.
Relocatees. The findings of the study will be informative to them for the study will
focus on their living conditions and challenges. It will help to address their problems
which they encountered inside the Disiplina Village.
Social Work Students. This served a reference and help them to explore their
curiosity about the student. The study will help them to
Future Researchers. This study will be served as reference and guide for the
future researchers to develop more updated findings regarding to the study.

Researchers. For the researchers, this study will help them to discover further
information that many of them have not found. This will satisfy their curiosity about
the study and will help them to recognize the different challenges.
Scope and Limitations
Valenzuela city has two relocation sites: Disiplina Village Bignay and
Ugong. The research focused on Bignay Village because it has higher number of
population and total land area than the Ugong village, where the researcher can
get credible information. Research primarily focused on the living limitations and
challenges of the relocatees inside the village, wherein only 95 respondents are
covered by this study. The researcher used survey questionnaire by non-random
sampling method.
There are few limitations although the study achieved its aim. The research
does not intend to explain the daily lives of the respondents inside the village and
how their life works. The researcher will not discuss the detailed economic and
financial aspects of the housing and resettlement program and it excludes the
people outside the village. Time is very limited while doing this study because of
some necessary matters of the researchers.
Definition of terms
Disiplina Village Bignay - is the biggest in-city relocation housing project that can
accommodate 3,852 families from informal settler.
Housing Resettlement Program – A program of the government that provides
access of better and adequate housing those poor families occupying danger
areas such as waterways, esteros and railroad.
In-city Relocation – relocating the families within the city.
Low-rise Buildings – A type of building that has multiple stories but lower than
a high-rise building.
National Housing Authority – It is a government agency responsible for public
housing. They also develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated
housing development and resettlement program.
Off-city Relocation – relocating the families outside of their city.
Relocatees – they are people who move into a new relocation site for they dwell
in dangerous areas such as creeks, waterways and in private property without
legal permits.
Relocation – it is transferring of families whose resides in danger areas to a
housing unit.
Valenzuela Local Government – The state that give public assistance to
Valenzuela residences. A local state that implements programs and services for
the betterment and development of its citizen and city.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This research study cited books and articles that were obtained through
different books, magazines, journals and internet, which are relevant to the present
investigation. It is composed of related literature and studies, both local and
foreign, which contain facts and information on the research problem at hand. It
also provides explanations and logical connections between previous researches
and the present work.
Local Literature
Housing is a basic social need of the Filipino people, despite the
government’s effort, particularly in funding assistance, majority of the population
still cannot afford to own a house due to high costs. This is because more than a
half of the Filipino families belong to low income bracket and could hardly meet the
required amortization for the basic unit.
The NHA classifies its housing programs as resettlement program, slum
upgrading program, sites and services, completed core housing and medium rise
housing. The first program called Resettlement Program, it involves the acquisition
and development of large tracts of raw land to generate serviced lots and/or
housing units for families displaced from sites earmarked for government
infrastructure projects and those occupying dangerous areas such as waterways,
esteros, and railroad tracks. The second program is Slum Upgrading Program
which is an on-site housing development program where NHA acquire occupied

lands and provides on-site improvement through introduction of roads or alleys and
basic services such as water and power. Land tenure issue is resolved through
sale of home lots to bonafide occupants. The third one is the Sites and Services,
it involves the development of raw land into service home lots to serve as
catchment area for informal settlements. The intent is to help families that acquire
housing units on an incremental basis. (Ballesteros & Egana, 2012)
One of the task of the National Housing Authority (NHA) is to improve the
lives of its beneficiaries. The Community Relations and Information Operations
(CRIO) played a great part in taking care of this aspect. Developmental programs
for the beneficiaries were given utmost importance through the Community-Based
Structure. Community-Based Structure is an approach which involves the
participation of its beneficiaries in community affairs to hasten the rebuilding and
development of their lives as leaders and beneficiaries. It is envisioned that
through the Community-Based Structure and the people’s dependency on the
NHA, the government will be curved, and the community will be led towards self-
reliance and progress.
It seems that the well-planned programs that NHA had promised was not
fulfilled. It was the opposite of what the government implemented on what were
the relocatees have encountered. There are relocatees who suffered from the
relocation site where they moved. Gabriella Women’s Party affirmed that “The
government wants to project itself as compassionate and humane because it

provides these relocation sites but on the contrary, there are a lot of things that
went wrong in these sites and people do not benefit from being forced to live there.”
They appealed over the disappointing conditions of urban poor residents and
relocatees in Southville B and C in Rodriguez, Rizal. They criticized the national
and local government’s policies on relocating urban poor residents and saying that
it is unjust, uncaring and inhumane.
The residents in the relocation site in Rodriguez, Rizal have problems with
water supply and electricity. There is no school nearby for the children. The biggest
problem, however, is the severe lack of employment opportunities. It is
unemployment that make it most difficult for residents to start new and improved
lives.
Based on the groups’ findings, while there is electricity in Southville B, the
payment system made it hard for residents to afford it. The relocation site utilizes
a sub-meter system run by the Baque Corporation, which is in charge of the main
or mother meter. Residents complain that the Baque Corporation exacts exorbitant
fees, and often households are charged up to P600 a month even when they hardly
consume any electricity. Residents do not have any appliances, so it was upsetting
for the mothers to be forced to pay so much for electricity they didn’t use. In the
meantime, if and when the residents did use electricity, the supply became erratic.
Those who could afford to pay also had to have their supplies cut off when the
Baque Corpration said others didn’t pay their own bills. The company said it could
not afford to subsidize other residents when they could not pay.
The residents also reported the water in the relocation site is not safe for
drinking and how children have already fallen ill when they tried to drink it.
Residents have been forced to shell out money for drinking water, paying P25.00
for every container. It was also discovered during the fact-finding mission where
the health centers in the relocation site in Rodriguez, Rizal fail miserably to address
the needs of the residents. The centers were only equipped to provide the most
basic of first aid. There are nearby health clinics, these are privately run and their
services are too expensive for the residents to access. It is doubly difficult for the
residents when they become ill because the health centers cannot provide medical
help beyond first aid. The Amang Rodriguez General Hospital and the East Avenue
Medical Center are too far for the residents. There are no ambulances on stand-
by that should be there during emergencies.
On the other hand, the relocatees from Calocan City also had a problem
with the housing project of NHA. They can’t afford the monthly amortization of the
house for it was too expensive for them. They need to pay P600.00 a month and
some of the families there are depending on the P300.00 salary per day of their
husband and it’s not enough for them to meet the daily needs of their family.
Families in both in-city and off-city sites are unable to pay their monthly
amortization, which is set to increase as time goes by.
The relocatees from Laguna had the same problem with other relocatees
who were moved in off-city and was far on their workplace. They appealed that it
is difficult for residents who have jobs in distant place to shoulder the daily
transportation costs. Some of the residents’ work were in Quezon City, San Juan
City, Makati or Manila City. It might be easy to commute, but it’s not easy for them
to come up with the money for fare. Half of their daily income is already spent on
fares, and the rest has to be divided for other household expenses.
With these living limitations and challenges encountered by relocatees,
most of them were forced to leave the relocation site on where they moved and go
back on squatting because of lack of job opportunities and unsuitable relocation
sites.
Local Studies
Housing is essential for everyone. There basic needs are needed to attain
self-actualization specially housing which is the shelter that makes the family safer.
A good house where everything the family needs in a community. Housing crisis
grew from the lack of employment which can be given to a person, rapid growth,
rural urban migration and industrialization in the area.
Employment is really essential in order to pay bills and attain the primary
needs of the family. According to Philippine Statistics Authority in the last Labor
Force Survey April 2017 result, the National Capital Region has the second to the
lowest employments rates in the Philippines with 92.8 %, which makes the
unemployment rate of the National Capital Region in 7.2%. The NCR is second in
the rate while Ilocos Region is on the top. (PSA, 2017). This statistic shows the
condition of the urban area. Employment is one factor why informal settlers grew.
Opportunity is a set of circumstances that makes it possible to do
something. People need opportunities enable to elevate poverty.Many people
think that there are opportunities in urban area and believe to be the center of all.
Whereas people in rural areas migrate to urban and makes the urban area
populated. Rural urban migration is the reason why population in urban area
became substantial (Joems, 2013). According to Social Scientist, there are two
factors of rural urban migration. These are push and pull. Push factor is the reason
why people in rural area want to live in urban area. Pull factor makes an urban
area a place where the opportunities cannot be found in the rural areas. Push
factor is affected because of the lack of opportunities in the rural areas and pull
factor is the reason why people in rural wanted to be in urban area (Enotes 2017).
The rural urban migration is the reason why urban is now populated.
According to United Nation housing is primitive in all aspect. Housing is one
of the basic needs that family should attain. Housing problems grew from rural
urban migration. The people in rural areas goes to urban to seek more
opportunities and left to be homeless and build their make shift houses. The
housing problem presumed to be the main reason why informal settlers in urban
area escalated. According to recent estimates that more than one third of
population in urban area are informal settlers. In Metro Manila there were about
581,059 informal settlers (data from HUDCC as of July 26, 2010). Government has
allocated less than 1.0 percent of the total government expenditures for the
housing sector in recent years, or less than one-tenth of a percent of GDP on the
average. This makes Philippine public spending on housing one of the lowest in
Asia. (Habito, 2009).
Solving the housing crisis also means resolving the growth in the number
of informal-settler families. The allocation of the government budget is very
essential to make the programs more efficient. According to Business Mirror the
Housing Sector got the lowest budget in Asia for 2017. Based on the housing
budget, President Rodrigo Duterte administration has allocated P12.6 billion for
the NHA to relocate informal settlers from danger zones and those affected by
infrastructure projects. (Ordinario, Cai 2016). This is not enough budget for the
informal settlers that are now currently 1.4 million informal settlers and 40 percent
of them are residing in Metro Manila. According to Vice President Leni Robredo
who is also Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)
chairman the budget is the lowest to Southern Asian Region.
The “Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992" or “Republic Act No.
7279 " an act to provide for a comprehensive and continuing urban development
and housing program, establish the mechanism for its implementation, and for
other purposes. According to the Urban Development and Housing Act 1992
government should uplift the conditions of the deprived and homeless citizens in
urban areas and in resettlement areas by making available to them decent housing
at affordable cost, basic services, and employment opportunities. This site that
urban should have enough opportunities for the people.
While there is a law that makes squatting a non-crime. The “Republic Act
No. 8368 An Act Repealing Presidential Decree No. 772”, entitled “Penalizing
Squatting And Other Similar Acts” also known as “Anti-Squatting Law Repeal Act
of 1997” is an act that withdrew President Marcos Presidential Decree No. 722
which made it a crime for any person who, with the use of force, intimidation or
threat, or taking advantage of the absence or tolerance of the landowner, succeeds
in occupying or possessing the property of the latter against his will for residential
commercial or any other purposes. This was repealed by RA 8368 in 1997 and
makes squatting a non-crime. This was on the basis that informal dwellers are also
victims of an unequal justice and social system.

Foreign Studies
The United Nations recognizes as housing a basic human right. One of the
most prominent resolutions of the first UN Conference on Human Settlements,
known as Habitat I, was the recognition of the role of the governments. In the said
conference, delegates and representatives agreed that the housing problems
could be solved by good implementation of policies and programs. This means
that, people have a right to expect from government to serve their housing needs,
since housing service is a national responsibility, Since the government is using
the people’s taxes in delivering the programs and social services,its efforts must
also be geared primarily in housing the poor. (Fasutino, 2000)
As cited in the study of (Pajara, 1994) an urban growth dynamics study was
conducted particularly land and housing development in Denpasar, Bali,
Indonesia. The study examined the role of its local government in the urban
management that concerns its planning instrument and capacities.
Base on the study of Navarro in 2014, a well implemented housing projects
must recognize economic, social and environmental challenges for informal
resettlement. This will be an important step in developing a housing programs.
Many researches suggest that a well-managed housing program for informal

settlers has important relations with the socio-economic well-being of the poor in
the society. The program can help them to eradicate poverty and promoting
environmental sustainability. (Navarro, 2014)
In 2000, the international community committed to the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), including MDG 7, Target 11: by 2020, to have
improved the lives of 100 million slum dwellers. However, it is clear that the utility
of this measure is rapidly decreasing with the enormous scale of continued global
slum growth. Security of tenure, defined by the United Nations Human Settlements
Programmed as the ―rights of all individuals and groups to effective protection
from the State against forced eviction is becoming increasingly precarious across
the developing world – particularly when mass evictions are commonplace. While
security of tenure is hard to measure on a global and local scale, evidence
suggests that between 30–50% of the world‘s urban residents lack security of
tenure – proportions, unfortunately, that are only likely to worsen. (UN-Habitat,
Enhancing Urban Safety and Security, 2007)
The growth of slums, housing characterized by lack of water and sanitation,
overcrowding, nondurable structures, and insecurity of land tenure has become
synonymous, particularly in the developing world, with urban growth. It is expected
that the next few decades will bring unprecedented global urban growth –
particularly notable in Africa and Asia where urban populations are expected to
double between 2000 and 2030. (UNFPA, 2007)

According to the UN report, the challenge of slums is one of the major
obstacles revolving the issue of informal settlements. Areas of slum are often
simplified solely to disorganized environments dominated by poverty and misery,
prejudice that could stem from the differences between the informal and the formal
city’s perception of space and structure. The word slum first appeared as part of
the London cant, meaning room in the beginning of the 19th century. A couple of
years later it was commonly used slang to identify the poorest areas of the city. As
described in the UN report the challenge of slums (2003), these were areas, which
had bad quality housing, poor sanitation, that were refuge for criminality and most
likely the source of epidemics. (UN-Habitat, 2003)
Furthermore, the report discusses, that traditionally slums are associated
with degraded parts of the city that once were respectable and desirable. When
the original inhabitants moved away to newer better city areas, the condition of the
housing gradually declined as they were subdivided and rented out to poorer and
poorer income groups. However, today the term slum has also come to include the
huge area of informal settlements. (UN-Habitat, 2003, p. 9) Arising as a result of
today’s rapid urbanization that is mainly taking place in developing countries. The
main difference from the traditional slum is that they are not formally planned by a
governmental housing strategy and therefore often classified illegal. (UN-Habitat,
2003)
Based on the National Urban Development and Housing Framework 2008-
2010 assessment, there is hidden polices that not intended to make an impact on
the urban development and housing. They give example policies that may be
categorized pertaining to direct housing provision example is socialized housing,
slum upgrading, sites and services, resettlement etc, also indirect provision
housing with housing development guarantees, licenses etc, and housing finance
with loans, subsidies etc. (NUDHF, 2008-2010)
Based on the research of Helen Johnson on 2010, Affordable housing is a
necessity in every area of the United States. According to her, the need for this
housing is not being met. “Affordability problems remain the nation’s fastest
growing and most pervasive housing challenge.”
The need for affordable housing is not being met for many reasons. The
Smart Growth Network lists these reasons as symptoms of the failure of the current
development market to meet the needs of low income households. The symptoms
is limited to: a shortage in housing available for affordable housing, low cost
housing in areas that do not contribute to the quality of life in a positive manner
and the location of affordable housing on cheap land in distant suburbs with little
to no access to basic amenities. (Johnson, 2010)
Based on the study of Jingchun Lin in China, house provides a ‘necessary
foundation’ for every people to live during the social actions and physical actions
(Byrne and Diamond, 2007). House became ‘more expensive’ in many countries
from the beginning of 21st century (Haffner and Boumeester, 2010). According to
Lin, There is a gap between high-income and low-income group. For low-income
group, to own a comfortable house became one of the unaffordable dreams in their
lives. Providing affordable housing has become an urgent task for governments.
(Lin, 2011)
There is no official definition of ‘affordable housing’ yet, but there is a wide
acceptable definition about the ‘target group’ of ‘affordable housing that was
defined by James E. Wallace: If a family’s total monthly cost is less than 30% of
householder’s income), the affordable housing policy would be applicable.
Different countries have difference affordable housing policies; in Canada and
United States, local governments seem firmly committed to increasing the
availability of affordable housing through a variety of innovative subsidy programs;
In China, affordable housing involves the national construction program and
organized by the real estate department of province government to provide a
suitable housing environment for the low-income families. (Lin, 2011)
Some of the high developed countries and areas in Asia like Singapore and
Hong Kong started their affordable housing project from 1950s, which was quire
early in Asian area. In the recent decades China government made very hard
efforts to develop affordable housing for the low-income householders in order to
keep the growth of society stable. (Lin, 2011)

Housing problem is not only an economic problem but also a social problem;
to set up a reasonable housing policy system is still a goal that many governments
aimed at. Both western countries and eastern countries are facing the same
housing problem, and the development of “affordable housing” offered a good
solution to it. Through implementing various affordable housing development
models in different countries, we can find out that affordable housing is not a
perfect solution but it is an effective one to the housing problem. Sweden has a
long history of providing affordable housing to residents. Take “Million program”
for example, it had provided huge amount of low-cost houses for low-income
peoples to live, which created a miracle in the human history of housing
development. (Lin, 2011)
Jingchun lin identified some possible problems that guangzhou might
encounter. First, the size is too large and construction standard out of control.
Second, unreasonable affordable housing plan, for example, the location is far
from city center, low standard facilities. Third, the price of affordable housing is
higher than the residents’ purchase power. (Lin, 2011)
According to the study of Williams in Jamaica, One of the most
overwhelming problems the world faces in the 21st Century is poverty. The
negative consequences of world poverty have a devastating effect on all facets of
society, in third world countries as well as industrialized nations. With half of the
earth’s population living in poverty, there are common challenges faced by both
the developed and developing worlds alike. One of those challenges is defining
the policies, systems, and financing that will provide housing to the poor,
affordably. Most Industrialized nations have very developed programs that address
the issues of affordable housing, and these programs are usually supported by
various public and private institutions. Although less developed countries attempt
to employ similar programs, the challenges of social, economical, and political
influences have a more limiting affect on the progress of providing affordable
housing. (Williams, 2006)
There is currently a very strong global push to reduce the ill effects of
poverty and homelessness, as we now experience the earth’s combined human
population of 6.5 billion, nearly 3 billion live in poverty. As the world population
continues to grow, it can be speculated that without drastic measures to increase
the standard of living of those that are poverty stricken, the trend will be that the
number of people affected by poverty will also grow (based on Malthus Theory).
(Williams, 2006)
In providing for the poor around the world, terms such as low-income
housing and affordable housing have been used to describe efforts to reduce the
number of people living in inadequate shelters. The definition of poverty varies, but
it is usually related to a level of income in a society. According to the World Bank
Organization, poverty can be defined as the minimum income level in a society,
usually defined by the 2 “poverty line”. Although it can be argued that there are
many contributors to poverty around the world, it certainly is not solely caused by
a lack of total resources. The world for some time has experienced a
disproportionate distribution of the world’s resources. (Williams, 2006)
Foreign Literature
According to Benjamin Bradlow, the serious problems that exist in the
human settlements policy and delivery in South Africa have been denied by the
state and other actors for too long. At first it was possible to be mesmerized by the
numbers: more than 200,000 free houses for the poor were being built every year.
But the backlog has grown, as has the anger over shoddy building practices,
patronage and corruption. Moreover, the spatial development of the new houses
has enhanced rather than dismantled the apartheid urban legacy. New formal
townships and extensions to pre-existing ones far from city centres have reinforced
a long-standing system whereby poor people are pushed further away from the
cities they sustain through their labour.
When it comes to “people-centred” development, particularly in terms of
water, sanitation and housing in South African cities, there has been so much
knowledge, so much policy, so much agreement on what needs to be done, and
so little to show for it. Within the terrain that we refer to as “human settlements”,
real people’s participation has remained a hope rather than a reality. When we talk
about “people-centred” we are talking about an approach that puts paid to the
notion that “propoor” policy can exist without the integration of participatory
processes for policy formulation and implementation. This is an approach that
recognizes that effective development interventions require the state to open up
the space for informed and organized communities of the urban poor to be included
in such projects.
The government’s housing policy has had a relatively singular focus on
“formal” housing delivery. In the process, “people-centred” got lost in the focus on
implementation of policy through market actors. The new houses have been built
by profit-driven, professional developers. This is happening despite seemingly
promising, unique aspects of South African housing policy, namely its relatively
generous subsidy for low income housing construction. Despite statements about
the government’s commitment to the People’s Housing Process (PHP), informal
settlements were only seen in negative terms and there was no support for
incremental upgrading and very little support for low-income households to build
their own homes. Meanwhile, the contractor-built houses were usually too small,
of poor quality and in locations far from livelihoods and services. (Bradlow, 2011)
HUD defines affordable housing as “a household pay no more than 30% of
its annual income on housing” (United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development). HUD estimates that nearly 12 million Americans pay over 50% of
their annual wages towards housing representing a severe burden on these

families to afford other essentials such as food and clothing. Affordable housing is
not just defined by price, but consideration is also given to home quality and
neighborhood safety. The level of affordability of a home will be relative to the total
household income; however, based on the literature review that follows, barriers
to safe and affordable housing can reasonably be grouped into four primary
categories: housing quality, systems barriers, needs barriers, and economic
barriers. Systems barriers relate to the inability of an individual to find affordable
homes, either through discrimination, lack of knowledge on where to find more
information, language constraints due to English as a second language or literacy,
or to break downs in the process. It is also possible that the current stock of
affordable homes may not meet the needs of citizens for reasons that include the
quality, reluctance to leave a specific neighborhood, lack of adequate public
transportation or schools, lack of disability accessibility, or home
specifications. Lastly, the general economic situation of the individual combined
with the employment availability in the city could place any affordable housing out
of reach. (HUD, 2013)
Conley (2001) examined the effects of housing quality on the racial
stratification, citing unsafe conditions commonly found in low‐ income, heavily
minority, central city neighborhoods. These unsafe conditions include lead paint,
asbestos, and the presence of pests. Other unsafe conditions identified by 3 HUD
include insufficient utilities, unsafe neighborhoods and broken structures (HUD,

2013). Overall, housing quality around the U.S. has improved, as noted by Quigley
and Raphael, due largely to increased governmental regulations (2004). Although
these regulations generally improve housing quality, they also have the unintended
effect of reducing the potential supply of affordable housing stock due to costs to
improve the properties.
Barriers are created when affordable housing is located too far away from
employment centers, public transportation, and other amenities. This creates the
“mismatch” between the requirements of these low‐ income populations for
affordable housing and employment opportunities, whereby the spatial fit does not
match their needs. This spatial mismatch represents a significant barrier to many
low‐ to‐ moderate income individuals and families who are much more likely to
rely on public transportation due to lack of a car (Blumenberg, Moga, & M.Ong,
1998)
Synthesis
The related literature and studies undertaken have relevance to the present
study since the area of concern is about the limitations and challenges of the
relocatees in housing and resettlement program. The aforementioned literature
and studies provided the researchers with background information on the
programs and services given by the National Housing Authority to the
beneficiaries.
Most of the reviewed literatures gathered by the researchers are related to
the study, it includes the problem encountered by the relocatees in the Housing
Program and laws that promotes right in having adequate and decent housing.
The reviewed studies presented provided the researcher the insight,
knowledge, and background information pertinent to conduct the present study. It
is substantially useful for the direction of the study specially to fulfilled its objective
to complete the research.
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the population frame and sampling technique, the
respondents or description of subject, the instruments of the study, validation and
administration of questionnaire, other sources of data and information gathered,
and statistical treatment of the data employed in the study.
Research Design
This research was conducted to the relocatees at Disiplina Village, Bignay
Valenzuela City. The researcher used descriptive method to collect and gather
data on the Limitation and Challenges of the Relocatees in Housing and
Resettlement Program, and it will be used as subject on this study. Using survey
method, the study will analyze and interpret the viewpoint of the respondents
regarding to the presented problem.
The researcher chose to use this research method considering the objective
to obtain first hand data from the respondents. It involves collecting data in order
to answer questions concerning the Living Limitations and Challenges of the
Relocatees in Housing and Resettlement Program. The descriptive method utilized
the questionnaire and to determine the challenges and problems experienced by
the relocatees inside the Disiplina Village.
According to Calmorin (1994) descriptive research is fact finding with
adequate interpretation. It is organized attempt to analyze, interpret and report the
present status of an institution, group or area and this method signifies the
gathering regarding present condition.
Research Locale
The researcher chose the relocatees on the Disiplina Village Bignay as the
target respondents for the research which is located at Gulod St. Valenzuela,
Metro Manila. The Disiplina Village, Bignay is biggest “in-city relocation site in the
country. It was constructed on January 2015 with the governance of the City Mayor
Rexlon Gatchalian, which can accommodate about 4,000 families from the
community. The Disiplina Village Bignay is 11-hectare piece of land having 85 low-
rise building. At this time there are 28 storey building which is composed of 36
units with 28 sqm. Disiplina Village, Bignay is like a condominium type and a
community which composed of; fire station, police community precinct, health
station, a chapel, a mortuary, three-day care centers, basketball courts,
playgrounds, and parks. It is also a public rental housing concept which cost P300
monthly. As of October 3, 2017, there are 1,692 families have been already
relocated. The high number of the population is one of the reasons why the
researchers chose this place to conduct a study, the researchers believe that it will
be reliable and helpful to achieve the goal of the researchers.
Sample and Sampling Technique Used
The general population for this study is the beneficiaries of the housing
program composed of 1,692 relocated families. The study will have respondents
directly from the chosen household at Disiplina Village, Bignay who have been
relocated. The researchers used non-random sampling in gathering data. The
number of respondents are 95 families.
A non-random sampling technique is any sampling method where some
elements of the population have no chance of selection, or where the probability
of selection cannot be accurately determined.
Instrumentation
The study utilized a survey-questionnaire that was thrived by the
researchers. The survey tried to ascertain the living limitations and challenges of
the relocatees in Housing and Resettlement Program. The researchers used this
instrument to measure the challenges and problems experienced by the relocatees
through asking sets of questions. For better clarity and understanding the survey
questionnaire was printed in Tagalog and English. The questions are divided into
four main presented problems that the researchers wanted to address. The first
part is about the respondents’ personal profile in terms of number of household,
employment status, type of working institution and gross family income. Part 2, is
consist of the following programs and services of Disiplina Village, Bignay does
the relocatees encounter living limitation and challenges. It also includes
relocatees’ solution in the challenges they encountered in programs and service in
Disiplina Village, Bignay, and Part 3, is life changes occurs in the relocatees
condition despite the limitations and challenges in Discipline Village, Bignay, the
following 4-point Likert was used.
Options Points
Strongly Agree 4
Agree 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
Data Gathering Procedure
Formulating of Topic
 The topic where the researchers formulate is related to their program
which is social work, and it is about the Living Limitations and
Challenges in Housing and Resettlement: A Case of Disiplina Village
Bignay Valenzuela City. The researchers choose this topic for they
are concerned to the reality of the society that there was existing
problem like this. The topic or title of the study was also presented to
the adviser by the researcher for comment and approval. The topic
was approved by the adviser.
Collecting Related Studies and Literature
 To provide insights, assimilate and understand the concept of the
study. The researchers gathered pertinent ideas of local and foreign
related studies and literature that are useful and can support the
whole study.
Selecting a place to conduct a study
 The researchers chose Disiplina Village Bignay as a place to
conduct a study for the reason that it is the biggest in-city

relocation site, has a high number of relocatees, and amenities.
The researchers believe that it will be reliable, ample, and useful
to make the study successful.
Selecting of Respondents
 The researchers select 95 relocatees through computing the sample
size of the total number of relocates in Disiplina Village bignay by
using non-random sampling technique.
Approval of Letter
 The letters/ Papers needed by the researchers to gathered
information were approved and signed by the Social Work research
adviser Ms. Prescilla Vallarta, the College of Art and sciences Dean
Ms. Yolanda Gadon and one group representative.
Gathering Data
 A Survey Questionnaire was distributed to the 95 relocatees in
Disiplina Village bignay in Valenzuela City. The researcher
administered the survey-questionnaire to the cluster leader and the
cluster leader will distribute it to his/her members. The questionnaire
was explained clearly to ensure that each question was answered

correctly. Respondents were given one day to answer the survey
question. After a day, questionnaires were tallied, tabulated and
analyzed.
Transcribing, Decoding, Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
 After deploying the survey questionnaire, the researcher transcribed
the recorded data by the respondents and analyzed and interpreted
them by decoding.
Formulating Conclusion
The researchers formulated a conclusions and recommendation that is
based on the information gathered through survey questionnaire
answered by the respondents and to the result of interpretation of data.
Statistical Treatment of Data
In tabulating the gathered data, frequency distribution was used to
prepared for interpretation of data. The data gathered were statistically used
according to the specific problem of the study.
The following statistical measures were used:

Sample Size. This was used to maximize the number of respondents in a large
population size.
Slovin’s Formula:
n= N
1 + Ne
Where:
N = Total Population
e = Margin of error
n = sample size
Percentage Distribution of Data. This was used in problem no. 1 to present and
analyze the profile of the respondents.
Formula:
f
% = x 100
n
Where:
% = Percent
f = number of responses
n= total number of respondents

Weighted mean. This was used in problem 2 and 3 to present the mean score of
the respondents in living limitations and challenges and analyze how does the
relocatees cope up with the challenges they encounter in programs and services
of Disiplina Village, Bignay Valenzuela City.
Formula:
WM = ∑fw
N
Where:
∑fw – sum of the product of the frequency and the weight
WM – weighted mean
w – weight/scale
N – total number of respondents
Scale/Level of Numerical and Descriptive Ratings
The Four-Point Likert Scaling was used for interpretation of the survey
result. The descriptive equivalent was designed in accordance with the required
responses in the survey questionnaire.

Numerical Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree
2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the data gathered from the retrieved survey
questionnaire and organized into three parts. The questions are divided into four
main presented problem that the researchers wanted to address. The first part is
about the respondents’ personal profile. Part 2, is on the living limitations and
challenges of the relocatees in terms of basic needs, health, education, livelihood,
facilities, security, transportation, and policies. Part 3, is on the effects of
challenges encountered by the relocatees in the village, and Part 4 is about the life
changes occur in the relocatees condition despite limitations and challenges.
Problem 1: What is the demographic profile of the relocatees of Disiplina Village,
Bignay in terms of:
a. Number of households
b. Employment Status
c. Type of working institution
d. Monthly Gross Family Income

Table 1
Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Number of Family

Member
No. of Family Members Frequency Percent (%)
2 – 4 persons 48 50.53
5 – 7 persons 36 37.89
8 – 10 persons 11 11.58
11 and above 0 0
Total 95 100
Table 1 shows that 48 or 50.53% of the respondents consists of 2 – 4
members of the family in the unit. While, 36 or 37.89% of them has 5 – 7 family
members, and only 11 or 11.58% have 8 – 10 family members. No family has 11
and above members. This shows that most of the family are consist of 2 – 4
members only.
Table 2
Percentage Distribution of Employment Status
Employment Status Frequency Percent (%)
Employed 60 63.16
Unemployed 35 36.84
Total 95 100
The profile of the respondents as to employment status shown in Table 2.
It can be gleaned that 60 or 63.16% of the respondents are employed while 35 or
36.84% are unemployed. This shows that majority of the respondents are
employed.
Table 3
Percentage Distribution of Working Institution
Institution Frequency Percent (%)
Government 31 32.63
Private 30 31.58
Self-employed 22 23.16
Unemployed 12 12. 63
Total 95 100
Table 3 represents the type of working institution of the respondents.
Filipinos are known as hardworking individuals, and they will do anything for the
family. Thus, 31 or 32.63% work in government offices. While, 30 or 31.58% work
in private companies, and only 22 or 23.16% work as self-employed. Self-
employed respondents have their own mini sari-sari stores in their house, others
are vendors who sell vegetables, fishes, and meats in the market. Whereas, 12 or
12.63% belong to the unemployed group. This shows that majority of the
respondents work in government offices.

Table 4
Percentage Distribution of Gross Family Income
Gross Family Income Frequency Percent (%)
P10,000 below 75 78.95
P10,000 – P15,000 17 17.89
P15,000 above 3 3.16
Total 95 100
The distribution of respondents by gross family income bracket is illustrated
in Table 4. It shows that 75 or 78.95% of the respondents have P10,000 below
gross family income monthly. While, 17 or 17.89% of them have P10,000 to
P15,000. Only, 3 or 3.16% belongs to the P15,000 above gross family income.
Considering the high cost of living nowadays, P10,000 below monthly gross family
income is not ample to meet the daily needs of the family. This shows that the
family who had P10,000 below gross family income encompasses the most
number of respondents.
Problem 2: Which of the following programs and services of Disiplina Village,
Bignay does the relocatees encountered limitations?
a. Policies
b. Education
c. Health
d. Area or size of the unit
e. Lightning and Fixtures
f. Location of Site
Table 5
Perception of the Respondents in terms of Implementation of Policies in

Disiplina Village, Bignay
PARTICULARS WEIGHTED VERBAL

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Maayos na pagpapatupad sa 3.43 Strongly Agree

Seguridad
(the security is well-implemented)
B. Natutugunan ng maayos ang mga 3.42 Strongly Agree

problemang kinakaharap ng
mamamayan
(the problems of the relocates
is well-addressed)
General Weighted Mean 3.43 Strongly Agree
Table 5 presents the respondents perception in terms of the implementation
of Policies in Disiplina Village. As can be gleaned from the table, the respondents
strongly agree that the security is well-implemented on Disipilina Village with a
weighted mean of 3.43. While in terms of the policies addressing the problems
among the relocatees, they are also strongly agree that it is being addressed with
a weighted mean of 3.42.

In general, the respondents strongly agree that the policies in the Disiplina
Village, Bignay has been well-implemented.
Table 6
Perception of the Respondents in terms of Quality of Education in Disiplina

Village, Bignay

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Sapat na bilang ng guro sa paaralan 3.45 Strongly Agree

(Sufficient number of teachers)
B. Maganda ang kalidad ng edukasyon 3.53 Strongly Agree

(has good quality of education)
C. Sapat na laki ng silid-aralan 3.48 Strongly Agree

(adequate size of classroom)
The table 6 presents the perception of the relocatees in terms of Education in
Disiplina Village, Bignay. As can be gleaned from the table, the respondents
strongly agree that schools in Disiplina Village, Bignay has good quality of
education, sufficient number of teachers, and adequate size of classroom with the
weighted mean of 3.53, 3.48, and 3.45 respectively.

In general, most of the respondents strongly agree that Disiplina Village,
Bignay sustain the needs of the residence in terms of education.
Table 7
Perception of the Respondents in terms of Health Services in Disiplina
Village, Bignay

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Mayroong sapat na bilang ng

health workers (doctors, nurses) 3.54 Strongly Agree
(health center has sufficient
number of health workers)
B. Mayroong sapat na panahon at

oras na nilalaan ang mga 3.56 Strongly Agree
health workers (doctors, nurses)
(health workers have enough
period of time being allocated)
C. Mayroong sapat na kagamitang

pangmedikal 3.40 Strongly Agree
(has adequate medical equipment)
Table 7 shows the perception of the relocatees in terms of health in Disiplina
Village, Bignay. As can be gleaned from the table, the respondents strongly agree
that the health workers in Disiplina Village, Bignay have enough time to do their
job, has sufficient number of health workers, and has adequate medical equipment
with the weighted mean of 3.56, 3.54, and 3.40 respectively.
Therefore, majority of the respondents strongly agree that the Health
Services in Disiplina Village, Bignay is well-provided.

Table 8
Perception of the Respondents in terms of the Area or Size of the Unit

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Ang laki ng unit ay angkop sa

karaniwang pamilyang Pilipino. 3.28 Strongly Agree
(The size of the dwelling unit is
suitable to the average
Filipino family.)
B. Ang yunit ay may sapat na bentilasyon. 3.31 Strongly Agree

(The dwelling unit has sufficient
ventilation.)
C. Ang yunit ay may sapat na espasyo

para sa paglalaba, pagluluto, pagpaplantsa, 3.14 Agree
at iba pa.
(The unit has sufficient space for
household chores.)
General Weighted Mean 3.24 Agree
Table 8 presents the respondents’ perception in terms of the size of the unit
in Disiplina Village. As can be gleaned from the table, the respondents strongly
agree that the unit has sufficient ventilation and the size of the unit is suitable to
the average Filipino family with the weighted mean of 3.31 and 3.28. While in terms
of the space in doing household chores, the respondents just agree with the
weighted mean of 3.14.
In general, the respondents agree that the size of the units in Disiplina
Village, Bignay is adequate and enough for the relocatees.

Table 9
Perception of the Respondents in terms of the Lightning and Fixtures in

Disiplina Village, Bignay

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Mayroong pagpapailaw sa lugar

tulad ng pasilidad at pasilyo 3.41 Strongly Agree
(Provision for lightning in common
areas like hallways and stairways.)
B. Mababang singil sa kuryente.

(Low charge of electricity.) 3.42 Strongly Agree
C. Maayos na rasyon ng tubig.

(Good water supply.) 3.66 Strongly Agree
D. Mababang singil sa tubig.

3. 49 Strongly Agree
(Low water charges.)
E. Matibay na kalidad ng materyales na

ginamit sa paggawa ng yunit. 2.94 Agree
(The quality of materials in the unit
is substantial.)
Table 9 presents the respondents’ perception in terms of the Lightning and
Fixtures in Disiplina Village, Bignay. As can be gleaned from the table, the
respondents strongly agree that Disiplina Village, Bignay has good water supply,
low charges of water and electricity, and there is provision for lightning in common
areas like hallways and stairways with the weighted mean of 3.66, 3.49, 3.42, and
3.41 respectively. While in terms of the quality of materials used in the unit, the
respondents agree that it is substantial with a weighted mean of 2.94.
In general, the respondents strongly agree that the lightning and fixtures in
Disiplina Village, Bignay are adequate and well-supplied.

Table 10
Perception of the Respondents in terms of the Location of Site in Disiplina

Village, Bignay

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Malapit sa pinapasukang trabaho

(Accesibility in work/job) 2.82 Agree
B. Malapit sa pamilihan Strongly Agree

3.38
(Accessibility to market)
C. Malapit sa simbahan
(Accessibility to church) 3.17 Agree
D. Malapit sa paaralan
(Accessibilty to school) 3.52 Strongly Agree
E. Ang lugar ay ligtas sa mga

sakuna at panganib 3.36 Strongly Agree
(the place is safe in disaster
and hazard)
F. Ang lugar ay may magandang

3.40 Strongly Agree
sistema ng kanal
(the place has good drainage
system)

Table 10 shows the perception of the relocatees in terms of location of the
Disiplina Village, Bignay. As can be seen in the table, the respondents strongly
agree that Disiplina Village, Bignay is accessible to schools and markets, the
location site is safe in disaster and hazard, and it has good drainage system with
the weighted mean of 3.52, 3.40, 3.38, and 3.36 respectively. While in terms of
accessibility in church and workplace, the respondents agree with the weighted
mean of 3.17 and 2.82.
In general, majority of the respondents strongly agree that the location of
relocation site is accessible in markets, schools, churches, workplace, has good
drainage system; and it is far from disaster and hazard.

Table 11
Summary of Programs and Services of Disiplina Village, Bignay

MEAN INTERPRETATION
A. Policies 3.43 Strongly Agree
B. Education 3.49 Strongly Agree
C. Health 3.50 Strongly Agree
D. Area or size of the unit 3.24 Agree
E. Lightning and Fixtures 3.38 Strongly Agree
F. Location of the site 3.31 Strongly Agree
Table 11 presents the Summary of Programs and Services in Disiplina
Village, Bignay. As can be gleaned from the table the respondents strongly agree
that the Health Services given to them is well-provided with the weighted mean of
3.50. The respondents also strongly agree that the schools in Displina Village had
good quality of education, the policies are well-implemented, lightning and fixtures
are well-supplied and the location of site is accessible in schools and markets, with
the weighted mean of 3.49, 3.43, 3.38, and 3.31 respectively. While, in terms of
the area and size of the unit the respondents just agree with the weighted mean of
3.24.
In general, the following weighted mean implies that programs and services
in Disiplina Village, Bignay are well-implemented and well-provided.

Problem 3: How does the relocatees cope up with the challenges they encounter
in programs and services of Disiplina Village?
15.38% Maraming patarakaran

na ipinapatupad pero
kailangang sundin ito
Dinudulog sa Barangay
53.85%
30.77%
Walang Magawa
Figure 3
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Solution on the Challenges
They Encounter in terms of Policies
Figure 3 shows the solutions of the respondents towards the challenges
they encountered in the Disiplina Village Bignay in terms of implementation of
policies. It can be gleaned that 53.85% of the respondents stated that they are
following the rules despite of many rules and regulations, while 30.77% stated that
they are reporting the problems they have encountered are reported to the
barangay officials. In terms of addressing the problem in Disiplina Village, Bignay,
15.38% said that they cannot do anything.
In general, respondents keep following the rules and regulations in the
Disiplina Village Bignay despite of the living limitations they encountered in terms
of implementation of the policies.

Tinuturuan ang mga anak sa

36.36% bahay dahil kulang sa guro
45.45% Pinag-aaral sa ibang iskwelahan
Walang magawa
18.18%
Figure 4
They Encounter in terms of Education
Figure 4 shows the solution of the respondents toward challenges they
encountered in terms of the quality of education. As can be seen, 5 or 45.45% of
the respondents who disagreed on sufficient numbers of teachers and the solution
they make is teaching their children at home. While, 4 or 36.36% cannot do nothing
about it. Only, 2 or 18.18% of them chose to send their children to study in other
school as the solution to the problem.

In general, most of the respondents teach their children at home as the
solution for the problem they encountered in terms insufficient number of teachers
in the school.
Sa labas nagpapacheck-up
33.33%
44.44% Sa iba bumibili ng gamot
Pumunta sa mas magandang

hospital
22.22%
Figure 5
They Encounter in terms of Health Services
Figure 5 shows the solution of the respondents they encountered in terms
of the health services being offer to the residences in Disipina Village, Bignay. It
can glean that 4 or 44.44% go to better hospital for their health concerns. While, 3
or 33.33% goes to other clinic. And 2 or 22.22% chose to buy outside the health
center of Disiplina Village for their medications.
In general, the data shows that most of the respondent about 4 or 44.44%
who disagree said that they go for the better hospital.
7.69% Walang magawa dahil ganun talaga

15.38% ang design ng bahay
5.13% Nagpatayo ng second floor para
lumuwag
Pagkasyahin lahat ng gamit
10.26% 5.13%
Magbenta ng gamit
Gumagamit ng dalawa o higit pang

7.69% electric fan
Laging bukas ang pinto para may
hangin
Nagpadagdag ng sasakan
25.64% Walang magawa dahil ganun lang ang

12.82% laki ng yunit
Nagtitiis
5.13% Batch by batch ang paglalaba
2.56%
2.56% Sa paglalaba gumagamit ng dryer
Figure 6
They Encounter in terms Area or Size Unit

The figure shows the solution of the relocatees to the limitation that they
encountered in the Disiplina Village, Bignay in terms of the area or size of the
dwelling units. It can be gleaned from the figure, 15.38% of the respondents stated
that they cannot do anything to make the unit bigger because the structure of the
unit is what being designed for. While, 7.69% of the respondents said that they
arrange their appliances in well-ordered position. The 5.13% of the respondents
build a second floor to make their appliances suitable. Only 2.56% of the
respondents sold their things as their solution to the size of the dwelling unit.
The second challenges that the relocatees being encountered is the
ventilation of the dwelling unit. 12.82% of the respondents used two or more
electric fans for better ventilation as the solution. While, 5.13% of the respondents
always open their doors for better ventilation. Only 2.56% of the respondents add
some outlet for the solution of the problem.
The third challenges that the relocatees being encountered is the space of
the unit in doing household chores. 25.64% of the respondents cannot do anything
because it is the design of each unit. While, 10.26% of the respondents enduring
the situation as the solution and 7.69% of the respondents used dryer as the
solution to the space in making laundry to make their work easier. Only, 5.13% of
the respondents resolving the problem by doing alternation of laundry to minimize
the number of clothes.

In general, most of the respondents in the Disiplina Village, Bignay cannot
do anything for the renovation and betterment of the unit in terms of the size for it
is what a prepared design.

Nagdagdag ng ilaw sa labas
Pagtitipid sa tubig
5.13% 5.13%
Pagtitpid sa kuryente
7.69%
Obligadong magbayad ng tubig

5.13%
20.51%
Ang mga susi ay may kaparehas sa ibang
unit kaya dinadagdagan ng ibang
padlocks
Dumudulog sa officials and mga
problema sa unit
20.51% 5.13%
Pagpapagawa ng makapal na finishing sa
dingding dahil walang lama (ampaw ang
hollo blocks)
7.69% Naglagay ng double gate dahil hindi
matibay ang door knob
7.69% Walang magawa

15.38%
Hindi nagpupukpok
Figure 7
They Encounter in terms of Lighting and Fixtures in Disiplina Village,
Bignay
The figure shows the solution of the relocatees to the challenges they
encountered in terms of Lightning and Fixtures. As can be gleaned from the table,
20.51% of the respondents stated that they are the one who fix the equipment and
furniture in the unit as the solution for the problem in the unstable materials used
in the unit. While, 20.51% of the respondents encountered problem in terms of high
charge of electricity, thus the solution they make power savings. The 15.38% of
the respondents who sought help for the units if they encountered problems in
terms of the quality of the materials of the unit. 7.69% of the respondents pay their
bills as their obligation in solving the problem they encounter in high cost of water
bills as well as duplicating their padlocks as the solution to the doors in every unit
have the same key with other residents. While, 5.13% make this solution
respectively, the respondents add an additional light in the hallways, conserve
waters, build a double gate because of the door knob and don’t do hammering in
their unit in Discipline Village, Bignay.
In general, most of the respondents in the Disiplina Village, Bignay finished
the furnishing of their unit in Disiplina Village, Bignay as the solution for the given
limitation.
Lingguhan ang uwi dahilmahal ang

3.23% pamasahe
Nagbabike o nagmomotor para
4.84% makatipid sa pamasahe
4.84% Gumigising ng maaga para di malate
sa trabaho
8.06% Lingguhan kung mamili
17.74%
Minsan na lang magsimba
4.84%
Hindi na nagsisimba
Nagsisimba kahit malayo

12.90%
Gumigising ng maaga para di malate
24.19%
sa school
Nagiingat
8.06% Dinudulog sa officials ang problema
4.84% 6.45% Nililinis
Figure 8
They Encounter in terms of Location of Site in Disiplina Village, Bignay

Figure 8 shows the solution of the respondents towards challenges they
encounter in terms of the location of the site. In terms of work place/job, 24.19%
of the respondents are waking up early just not to be late at work, while 17.74% of
the respondents are using bike or motorcycle when going at work to save money,
and 3.23% of them used to stay in their work and going home weekly as the
solution to the inaccessibility of their work from the village. While in terms of
accessibility in church and market, 6.45% of the respondents are buying groceries
and goods weekly as the solution to the inaccessibility of the market. While,
12.90% of the respondents said that they are no longer going to church; while
8.06% said that they attend church even if it’s far. 4.84% said that they attend
church rarely. In terms of the security of the village, keeping safe is the solution of
the respondents to the disaster and hazard they encounter in the village with the
percentage of 8.06%, while in terms of drainage system, 4.84% of the respondents
are keeping it clean and advert the problems to the barangay officials as the
solution in problem in drainage system.
In general, respondents found a solution of their own in addressing their
living limitations in terms of location of the site.

Problem 4: What life changes occur in the relocatees condition despite limitations
and challenges?
Hindi na binabaha at
5.26%
naging ligtas ang
pamumuhay
6.32% Gumanda at umunlad
ang buhay
8.42%
44.21% Malapit na sa paaralan

at pamilihan
Nagkaroon ng
35.79% maraming kaibigan at
naging masaya
Nagkaroon ng trabaho
Figure 9
Percentage Distribution of Positive Changes Occur in the Relocatees

Condition Despite of Limitations and Challenges
Figure 9 shows the positive life changes happened since the relocatees
have been relocated in Disiplina Village, Bignay. It shows that 42 or 44.21% of the
respondents answered that their life became safe and secured because they did
not experience any more flooding in their place. Most of the relocatees are living
in dangerous areas such as creeks and waterways before, thus it signifies that
they are in a safe place now. Along with their safeties, their water supply is clean
and potable. Additionally, there is also a big change to the respondents in terms of
their living condition with 34 or 35.79%. According to them, their life became better
and prosperous since they have been relocated in Disiplina Village, Bignay. It
includes of having an own house, low charges of electricity and water bills. There
is also respondent who stated that “nalayo ako sa mga chismosa at inggeterang
tao”. While, 8 or 8.42% answered that they had been accessible in schools and
markets. With that, they do not have difficulty in bringing their children to school
for it is in the village. In having of many friends and their life become happier, 6 or
6.32% of the respondents answered it as one of the life changes to them, and only
5 or 5.26% stated that they got source of income like having a mini sari-sari store
and its capital were given by the Local Government of Valenzuela as an investment
to help them provide for the daily needs of the family.
In general, this shows that most of the positive changes happened to the
relocatees is that they feel safe and secured since they had been relocated in
Displina Village, Bignay.

Lalong humirap ang buhay

7.37%
Mahal ang bilihin
16.84% 3.16% Walang signal
1.05% Walang trabaho at

pangkabuhayan
3.16%
Malayo sa trabaho
9.47% Walang nabago
Figure 10
Percentage Distribution of Negative Changes Occur in the Relocatees

Condition Despite Limitations and Challenges
The chart presents the negative changes happened in the relocatees since
they had been relocated in Disiplina Village, Bignay. It shows that 16 or 16.84% of
the respondents stated that, there are no life changes occur in their life and it was
the same as before. While, 9 or 9.47% of them answered that their workplace is
far from the relocation site thus they spend too much money for fare in
transportation. Moreover, 7 or 7.37% of the respondents said that they became

more indigent when they live in Disipina Village. As some of the relocatees affirmed
that they have no source of income, thus they cannot meet the daily expenses of
their family. They really budget the food they are going to eat, and they conserve
on water and electricity. The 3 or 3.16% of the respondents answered that goods
are expensive, and they have no occupation. Thus, they experienced insufficiency.
Only, 1 or 1.05% answered that the place has no signal.
In general, it shows that most of the respondents did not experience
changes in their life since they have been relocated in Disiplina Village, Bignay.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This final chapter presents the summary of findings and conclusions
based on the results in the statistical treatment of data. Recommendations are
drawn from the findings and conclusions.
This study aimed to assess the Living Limitations and Challenges of the
Relocatees in Housing and Resettlement Program: A Case of Disiplina Village,
Bignay Valenzuela City. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following
questions. (1) Profiles of the respondents in terms of Disiplina Village, Bignay in
terms of number of households, employment status, type of working institutions,
and monthly gross family income; (2) perception of the respondents to the
programs and services of Disiplina Village, Bignay in terms of policies, education,
health, area or size of the dwelling unit, ligtning and fixtures, and location of site;
(3) solution of the Respondents on the problems they encountered in the program
and services in Disiplina Village, Bignay. (4) life changes occur in the relocatees
condition despite limitations and challenges.
The researcher used descriptive method to collect and gather data on the
Limitation and Challenges of the Relocatees in Housing and Resettlement
Program, and it will be used as subject on this study. The descriptive method
utilized the questionnaire and to determine the challenges and problems
experienced by the relocatees inside the Disiplina Village.

Non-random sampling technique was used by the researcher to select the
desired number of respondents in the study. The number of respondents consisted
of 95 families.
The data gathered were treated with the following statistical tools namely:
Sample Size, Weighted Mean and Descriptive Ratings, Percentage Frequency
Distribution.
Summary of Findings
The findings in this study were the following:
Demographic Profile of the Respondents of Disiplina Village, Bignay
Number of households
Majority of respondents consists 2-4 family members comprising 50.53% of
the sample population while the remaining 37.89% has 5-7 members of their
family, and 11.58% has 8-11 family members.
Employment Status
There are 63.16% of the respondents are employed and 38.64% are
unemployed from the sample population

Type of working institution
The 32.63% of the respondents works in government agency while 31.58%
work in private companies, 23.84% work as self-employed and the
remaining 12.63% are unemployed.
Monthly Gross Family Income
Most of the respondents have P10,000 000 below gross family income
monthly which garnered 78.95% while 17.89% have P10,000 to P15,000
gross family income monthly, and 3.16 belongs to the P15,000 above gross
family income.
Perception of the respondents to the programs and services of Disiplina Village,
Bignay in terms of:
Policies
The respondents’ perception in terms of the implementation of Policies are
arranged from highest to lowest are: the security is well-implemented on
Disipilina Village (3.43) and the problems of the relocates is well-addressed
(3.42).
Education
The respondents’ perception in terms of Education are arranged from top
to bottom: has good quality of education (3.53), adequate size of classroom
(3.48) and sufficient number of teachers (3.45)

Health
The respondents’ perceptions in terms of Health are arranged from highest
to lowest: health workers have enough period of time being allocated (3.56),
sufficient number of health workers (3.54), and adequate medical
equipment, (3.40).
Area or size of dwelling unit
The respondent’s perceptions in terms of Area or size of dwelling unit are
arranged from top to down: The size of the dwelling unit is suitable to the
average Filipino family (3.31), dwelling unit has sufficient ventilation (3.28),
and units have sufficient space for household chores (3.14)
Lightning and Fixtures
The respondents’ perceptions in terms of Lightning and Fixtures are
arranged from highest to lowest: Good water supply (3.66), Low water
charges(3.49), Low charge of electricity(3.42), Provision for lightning in
common areas like hallways and stairways(3.41), the quality of materials in
the unit is substantial (2.94).

Location of site
The respondents’ perceptions in terms of Location of site are arranged from
top to down: accessibility to schools (3.52), good drainage system(3.40),
accessibility to markets(3.38), the location site is safe in disaster and
hazard(3.36), accessibility to church(3.17) and accessibility in
workplace(2.82).
Solution of the Respondents on the problems they encountered in the Program and
Services in Disiplina Village, Bignay.
Policies
The 53.85% of the respondents is following the rules despite of many rules
and regulations, while 30.77% are reporting the problems they have
encountered in barangay or in officials and 15.38% said that they could not
do anything.
Education
Almost half of the respondents said that parents teach their children at home
(45.45%). The 36.36% said they could not do anything about it and the
remaining 18.18% chose to send their children to study in other school.

Health
The solution of 44.44% of the respondents goes to better hospital for their
health concerns while 33.33% goes to other clinic and 22.22% choose to
buy outside the health center of Disiplina Village for their medications.
Area or size of dwelling unit
Answers for the a.) size of the dwelling unit is suitable to the average Filipino
family, the respondent share four (4) solutions for this challenge. The
solution is arranged from highest to lowest are: Bare the situation because
they cannot do nothing about it (26%), establish second floor (5%), let their
all furniture fits in their unit (8%) and sell their furniture to save space (3%).
The solutions of the respondents for the b.) dwelling unit had sufficient
ventilation are arranged from top to bottom: used two or more electric fans
(13%), opening their door for proper ventilation (5%), and add some outlet
(3%). For the last particulars which is c.) the unit had enough space for
household chores are arranged from highest to lowest: they cannot do
something for their situation (26%), enduring the situation (10%) and
resolving their situation of laundry alternation (5%).

Lightning and Fixtures
The challenges for the lightning and fixtures have six (6) solution arranged
from top to bottom: finish the furnishing of the unit(21%), 20 conserve
power(20%), sought help for the units problems (15%) just pay the water
bills (8%), has duplicate padlock keys (8%), do nothing (8%), add additional
light in hallways (5%), conserve water (5%) and build second gate (5%),
and don’t hammer their unit (5%).
Location of site
The challenges for Location of site have eleven (11) solutions that arranged
from highest to lowest are: 19% of the respondents are waking up so early to
be on time at work, followed by 17.74% are using bike or motorcycle when
going work, and 3.23% used to stay in their work and go home during
weekends. While in terms of accessibility, 12.90% of the respondents said
that they do not go to church because of distance, followed by 8.06% who
attends church even it’s far, followed by 6.45% are buying groceries or goods
weekly and 4.84% attends church rarely. In terms of safety, 8.06% said being
carefulness is the solution and according to the 4.84% of the respondents
said that the drainage system is clean.

Life changes occur in the relocatees condition despite limitations and challenges
Positive Changes
The life changes occur in the relocatees arranged from highest to lowest are: 42
or 44.21% answered that their life became safe and secured, followed by 35.79%
who answered that their life became better and prosperous, followed by 8.42%
answered that they had been near to schools and markets then 6.32% was
delighted having many friends and their life became happier and 5.26% stated that
they got source of income.
Negative Changes
The negative changes happened in the relocatees since they had been
relocated in Disiplina Village are arranged from top to down are: 16.84% of the
respondents had no life changes occured and it was the same before, followed by
9.47% had long distance from their workplace, followed by 7.37% who became
more indigent when they live in Disipina Village, followed by 3.16% of the
respondents answered that goods are expensive, and unemployed, and 1.05%
answered that the place was no signal.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. (a) The researchers found out that most of the family households are composed
of 2 to 4 members of family in Disiplina Village Bignay. (b) In terms of employment
status, the employment rate is 64.16 percent which is composed of 60 respondents
out of 95 respondents; (c) In terms of working institutions the researchers have
found that there are 3.63 percent of the respondents who are working in
government institutions; (d) In terms of family income most of the family has an
income of 10,000 and below income monthly.
2. (a) In terms of implementation of policies in Disiplina Village, Bignay most of the
respondents strongly agree the security and problems are well address by the
implementers.
(b) In terms of quality education the respondents strongly agree that, the Disiplina
Village, Bignay had sufficient teachers, adequate classroom and good quality of
education.
(c) In terms of health services the respondents strongly agree, that the Disiplina
Village, Bignay had a sufficient number of health worker, and health workers had
allotted time for the service and lastly, they have adequate medical equipment. In
terms of are or size of the unit the respondents agree that the size of the unit is
suitable to the average Filipino Family, ha sufficient ventilation and enough space
for the household chores.

(d) In terms of lighting and fixtures the respondents strongly agree e that the
provision for lighting in common areas like hallways and stairways, low charges of
electricity, good water supply, low water charges and the quality of materials in the
unit are substantial.
(e) In terms of location of site of Disiplina Village Bignay the respondents
perception strongly agree that the location has accessibility in work/job, church,
school, the place is safe in disaster and hazard and the place has drainage system.
3. The relocatees cope up with the challenges they encountered in programs and
services in Fisiplina Village, Bignay. (a) In terms of policies the relocatees kept on
following the rules and regulations implemented in Disiplina Village,Bignay.
(b) In terms of education the respondents in general cope up by the given
challenges through teaching their own child at home due to insufficient teachers.
(c) In terms of the relocates challenges in terms of size not most of the respondents
could not do anything in their unit due to the design if each unit in Disiplina Village
Bignay (d) In terms of the lighting and fixtures in Disiplina Village, Bignay the
respondents make their own unit fully furnish to be safe. In terms of location of site,
the relocates found a solution by waking up earlier so that they will not be late at
work and school.
4. The positive changes that occur in the life of the relocatees despite of the living
condition and challenges most of the respondents have a better and prosperous
life since they have been relocated in Disiplina Village, Bignay. The relocatees
don't have any life changes encountered after being relocated in the Disiplina
Village.
Recommendations
The following are some important recommendations from the study that could help
in strengthening the project:
For the residents of Disiplina Village Bignay:
 Continuation of strong participation, Disiplina and good values should
stabilize in all different programs and services in the Village for better
implementation and good association towards the implementers of the
program. Good life begins in oneself.
For the City Government of Valenzuela; Officials in Disiplina Village:
 Continuing the excellent programs and services to the beneficiaries of the
unit in Dispilina Village, Bignay.
 Strengthening and empowering some program and services that are not
very satisfactory to the resident of Bignay, Village.

1. Involving the beneficiaries in such seminars and training that focus on
Bio-Psychosocial Spiritual: enhancing of personal attributes will help
them to lead themselves in better state of being.
2. Enhancing Livelihood program/ project for the relocatees for them to
have good source of ideas in creating business on their own.
3. To have a mini jeepney or tricycle line near Disipilina Village Bignay, for
them to easily access in basic amenities like churches, markets and
other important facilities.
4. In the future, City government of Valenzuela and Non-Government
agencies who will absorb this idea should use good
materials/equipments; focus on size that suitable for the average
Filipino family having concreteness unit/house, for safer and better
living of the relocatees.
5. Engaging the youth in community organizing and other suitable
activities for them to be productive, useful leaders in the future.
6. Engaging the senior citizen and person with disability in suitable
activities which can enhance their mindset, improve their lifestyle.
For future researcher:
 To strengthen the study and have a deeper research regarding the
limitations and challenges of the relocatees that can be used as a tool in

strengthening and improving the programs and services implemented by
the government or Non-Government agencies.
For the researchers:
 To impart the information acquired in this research to future social workers
for them to have a better understanding towards the conditions of the
relocates inside the Disipilina Village, and to inspire future social worker to
research about the relocatees in the Disiplina Village, Bignay.
 To strengthen this research in order to formulate a feasible and sustainable
program and services for the relocatees that can be used as a tool for better
implementation of the project.

References:
Ma. Kresna D. Navarro, 2014. The Cost of Misguided Urbanization: The Case of
Informal Settlements in Butuan City, Philippines. Retrived from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269106047_The_Cost_of_Misguided_U
rbanization_The_Case_of_Informal_Settlements_in_Butuan_City_Philippines
[accessed Aug 21, 2017].

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

Poblacion II, Malinta, Valenzuela City

Living Limitations and Challenges of the Relocatees in Housing and

Resettlement Program: A Case of Disiplina Village Bignay, Valenzuela City

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Arts and Sciences

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Social Work

LALATA, ELLAINE JOYCE A.

PALADO, JOY ANN C.

PENAROYO, ROLANDO JR. T

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

dwelling is maybe on dangerous areas, government projects or a private property.

Generally, adequate housing is one of the important aspects of families’ well-

construction of housing project especially for low-income families living in the

squatters mostly in government properties. The low-income housing policy found

poor and squatters. (Pajara, 1994)

resettlement of families in dangerous areas, government infrastructure projects

and victims of calamities.

relocatees in the place where they have been relocated.

Furthermore, Valenzuela City has also dilemma to the informal settlers

informal settlers in 26 barangays according to Valenzuela Housing and

entities and Non-Government Organizations in the city through the Dakilang

another one relocation site which is located at Bignay.

January 2016 Disiplina Village Bignay had been established. It is the

Government of Valenzuela funded the acquisition of 11.6 hectares of land while

sustainable programs and services being offered to the relocatees.

The person-in-environment approach views the individual and his or her

multiple environments as a dynamic, interactive system, in which each component

individual and his or her environments as forming an ecosystem, consisting of the

Within this ecosystem, individuals are influenced by and influence their

relocatees in Housing and Resettlement Program. The researchers want to know

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the relocatees of Disiplina Village,

Bignay in terms of:

c. Type of working institution

d. Monthly Gross Family Income

2. Which among the following programs and services of Disiplina Village,

Bignay does the relocatees encounter limitations?

d. Area or size of dwelling unit

e. Lightning and Fixtures

programs and services of Disiplina Village?

Significance of the Study

This study will be significant to:

City Government of Valenzuela. The findings of this research will contribute to

current programs and services for informal settlers.

developing or formulating a program for the enhancement for their previous

which they encountered inside the Disiplina Village.

curiosity about the student. The study will help them to

future researchers to develop more updated findings regarding to the study.

Scope and Limitations

covered by this study. The researcher used survey questionnaire by non-random

some necessary matters of the researchers.

accommodate 3,852 families from informal settler.

Housing Resettlement Program – A program of the government that provides

areas such as waterways, esteros and railroad.

In-city Relocation – relocating the families within the city.

National Housing Authority – It is a government agency responsible for public

housing. They also develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated

housing development and resettlement program.

Off-city Relocation – relocating the families outside of their city.

in dangerous areas such as creeks, waterways and in private property without