Physics 1 [Textbook by Gurinder Chadha and David Sang] Unit 1 MECHANICS

for OCR ISBN 978-0-521-72455-5

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Chapter 1 KINEMATICS - DESCRIBING MOTION 1 Chapter 2 ACCELERATED MOTION 11
Describing movement 1 Defining acceleration 11
Speed 1 Q1 The meaning of acceleration 11
Units 2 Q2-3 Calculating acceleration 12
Determining speed 2 Units of acceleration 12 Q1-3
Laboratory measurements of speed 2 Worked example 1 12
Using two light gates 3 Worked example 2 12
Using one light gate 3 Worked example 3 12
Drive slower, live longer 3 Describing motion using graphs 13
Using a ticker-timer 4 Deducing acceleration 13
Using a motion sensor 4 Deducing displacement 14 Q4-6
Choosing the best method 4 Q4-6 Measuring velicity and acceleration 15
Distance and displacement, scalar and vector 5 Determining velocity and acceleration 15
Speed and velocity 5 Q7 in the laboratory
Speed and velocity calculations 6 One light gate 15
Worked example 1 6 Using a ticker-timer 16
Worked example 2 6 Using a motion sensor 16
Making the most of units 7 Q8-9 Accelerometers 16 Q7-9
Displacement against time graphs 7 Q10-11 The equations of motion 17
Deducing velocity from a displacement 8 Q12-13 Worked example 4 18
against time graph Worked example 5 18
Summary 9 Worked example 6 19
Questions 1 & 2 10 Worked example 7 19 Q10-12
Deriving the equations of motion 20
Equation 1 / Equation 2 / Equation 3 20
Equation 4 21
Investigating road traffic accidents 21 Q13-14
Uniform and non-uniform acceleration 21 Q15-20
Summary 24
Questions 1 - 3 25
 Unit 1 MECHANICS

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Chapter 3 DYNAMICS - EXPLAINING MOTION 27 Chapter 4 WORKING WITH VECTORS 43
Force and acceleration 27 Magnitude and direction 43
Force and acceleration 27 Combining displacements 43
Calculating the acceleration 27 Worked example 1 43
Force, mass and acceleration 28 Worked example 2 44 Q1
Worked example 1 28 Combining velocites 45
Worked example 2 29 Q1-3 Worked example 3 45 Q2
Defining the newton 29 Q4 Combining forces 45
Acceleration caused by Gravity 29 Two forces in a straight line 46
Large and small 30 Two forces at right angles 46
On the Moon 30 Three or more forces (Triangle of forces) 47
Mass and weight 31 Vector addition 47 Q3-5
Gravitational field strength 32 Q5-7 Components of vectors 48 Q6
Determining g 32 Making use of components 49
Method 1: Using an electronic timer 32 Changing the slope 50 Q7-8
Sources of uncertainty 33 Solving problems by resolving forces 50
Method 2: Using a ticker-timer 34 Worked example 4 51 Q9
Method 3: Using a light gate 34 Projectiles 52
Worked example 3 34 Q8-10 Understanding projectiles 52
Mass and inertia 35 Up and down 52
Observations and ideas 35 How high? 53
From Galileo to Einstein 36 How long? 53
The idea of inertia 37 Q11-12 Falling further 53 Q10-11
Top speed 37 A curved trajectory 53
Balanced and unbalanced forces 38 Worked example 5 55 Q12
Free fall 38 Summary 55
Moving through fluids 39 Questions 1 - 5 56
Moving through air 39
Worked example 4 40
Worked example 5 40 Q13-15
Summary 41
Questions 1 - 3 41
 Unit 1 MECHANICS

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Chapter 5 FORCES, MOMENTS AND PRESSURE 59 Chapter 6 FORCES, VEHICLES AND SAFETY 71
Experiencing forces 59 Stopping distances 71
Some important forces (Table on page 60) 61 Stopping safely (Highway Code) 72 Q1-3
Two or more forces 61 Q1-3 Factors affecting stopping distances 73 Q4
Centre of gravity 61 Car safety features 74
Finding the centre of gravity 61 Passenger cells 74
The turning effect of forces 62 Seat belts 74
Moment of a force 62 Air bags 74
Methods to calculate the moment of a force 63 Controlling impact forces 75 Q5
Balanced or unbalanced? 63 Where on Earth? 75
Worked example 1 63 GPS navigation - How it works 76 Q6
Worked example 2 64 Worked example 1 77
Worked example 3 64 Q4-8 Summary 78
The torque of a couple 66 Q9 Questions 1 - 2 78
Pure turning effect 67
Density 67
Pressure 67 Q10-11
Summary 68
Questions 1 - 4 69
 Unit 1 MECHANICS

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Chapter 7 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER 79 Chapter 8 DEFORMING SOLIDS 95
The idea of energy 79 Springy stuff 95
Doing work, transferring energy 80 Compressive and tensile forces 96
Calculating work done 80 Hooke's law 96 Q1
Energy transferred 81 Investigating springs 97
Newtons, metres and joules 81 Q1-3 Stretching materials 97
Force, distance and direction 81 Stress and strain 97
Three examples involving gravity 82 Q4 The Young modulus 98 Q2-6
Worked example 1 83 Q5 Determining the Young modulus 99 Q7
Gravitational potential energy 83 Decribing deformation 100
Worked example 2 83 Glass, cast iron 100
An equation for gravitational potential energy 84 Q6-7 Copper, gold 101
Kinetic energy 84 Polythene, Perspex 101 Q8
Worked example 3 84 Q8-9 Strength of a material 102
Gravitational PE - KE transformations 85 Elastic potential energy 102
Down, up, down - energy changes 86 Worked example 1 104 Q10-12
Worked example 4 86 Q10-12 Summary 105
Energy conservation 87 Questions 1 - 4 106
Energy transfers 88
Climbing bars 88
Worked example 5 89
Conserving energy 89 Q13
Power 90
Units of power: the watt 90
Worked example 6 90 Q14-16
Human power 91
Worked example 7 91 Q17
Summary 92
Questions 1 - 3 93