Tugas Remidi

Bahasa Inggris

Dibuat: Samuel Setya Nugraha/8107

SMK WARGA SURAKARTA
Narrative Text
A. The definition of narrative text

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the
resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode,
the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.

B. The purpose of narrative text

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

C. Generic Structures of Narrative Text

1) Orientation

Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the participants of the
story: who and what is involved in the story.

2) Complication

Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main
participants.

3) Resolution

The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending

4) Re-orientation/Coda

This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists of a moral lesson, advice
or teaching from the writer

D. Example of Narrative Text

The Ugly Duckling

One upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just
wished the eggs would break out.

Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings
appeared. "Peep, peep" the little ducklings cried. "Quack, quack" their mother greeted in
return.

However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days. Finally,
it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise.
He was so big and very gray. He didn't look like the others at all. He was like a turkey.

When the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson., the
huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings did.
"That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite handsome" the mother said
proudly.

However, the other animals didn't agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day. Even
his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. "You are very ugly" they quacked.

The little poor duckling was very unhappy. "I wish I looked like them" he thought to himself.
One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone
through the cold and snow winter. Finally the spring flowers began to bloom. While he was
swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. "Oh, dear.
these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too" he said to himself. But the swans did not
attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their bills. As the ugly
duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the water. He could not
believe his eyes. "I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam" he exclaimed.

He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was
happier than he had never been.
Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari
subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat)
dan main clause berupa result/consequence (hasil).

Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0.
Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak
mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud
karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Rumus Conditional Sentence

Rumus Umum

Secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.

if + condition, result/consequence

atau tanpa tanda baca koma:

result/consequence + if + condition

Rumus Conditional Sentence Berbagai Tipe

Type Rumus Conditional Sentence

0 if + simple present, simple present

1 if + simple present, will + bare infinitive

2 if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

3 if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence

Type Contoh Conditional Sentence

0 If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

1 If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

(Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

2 If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

3 If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.

(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Negatif if + condition

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh conditional sentence: if…not dan unless:

Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini.

If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.

Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak
mengerti, mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)

Zero conditional atau conditional sentence type 0 adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) selalu terwujud karena
merupakan scientific fact (kebenaran ilmiah) atau general truth (kebenaran umum) yang
merupakan habitual activity (kebiasaan).

Bagian dependent clause (if+clause) dapat diawali oleh kata “if” atau “when“.

Rumus Zero Conditional

If di awal kalimat:

if/when + condition, result/consequence

if/when + simple present, simple present

if di tengah kalimat:

result/consequence + if/when + condition

simple present + if/when + simple present

Contoh Kalimat Zero Conditional

kalimatContoh Kalimat Zero Conditional

(+) If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity]

(Jika saya tidur terlambat, saya mengantuk di tempat kerja.)

If you dry fruits or vegetables, they lose their nutrient and calorie.

(Jika kamu mengeringkan buah atau sayuran, mereka kehilangan nutrisi dan kalori.)

(-) If one doesn’t drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated.

(Jika orang tidak minum setelah berlatih, orang bakal dehidrasi.)

(?) If we burn paper, does it become ash?

(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi debu?)

Conditional sentence tipe 1 atau first conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan
ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk
terwujud di masa depan karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Tipe 1

If di awal kalimat:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative

If di tengah kalimat:

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

conditional sentence type 1Negatif if + condition

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Tipe 1 Kalimat

Contoh Kalimat conditional Sentence tipe 1

(+) If I have free time, I will go swimming.

(Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.)

If the bell rings, I’ll go home.

(Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.)

If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [imperative]

 (Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.)

(-) If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be angry.

(Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.)

If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes, I won’t be angry.

(Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.)

If he comes, I won’t be angry.

(Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.)

(?) If they invite you, will you come?

(Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?)

Conditional sentence tipe 2 atau second conditional adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya
sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi di masa
sekarang (present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan
(unlikely to happen).

Rumus Conditional Sentence Tipe 2

If di awal kalimat:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

If di tengah kalimat:

result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Negatif if + condition

Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Were Menggantikan Was

Conditional Sentences type 2

Pada conditional sentence tipe 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang
digunakan merupakan 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini
untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata
karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation).

if + condition, result/consequence
if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Tipe 2

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence tipe 2

(+) If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

Fakta:

but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa
besok akan hujan)

If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.

(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)

Fakta:

but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)

If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.

(Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.)

Fakta:

but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)

If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.

(Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.)

Fakta:

but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)

(-) If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail.

(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.)

If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would
fail.

(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.)

If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity.

(?) If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?

 If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?

If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Tipe 2

Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan
menghilangkan kata “if” dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut.

Normal Inverted

If I (S) were (V) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

(Jika saya pemilik toko, saya akan memberimu potongan harga.) Were (V) I (S) the
shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

Conditional sentence tipe 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang
digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan
terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Tipe 3

conditional sentence type 3Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan

subordinate conjunction “if” dan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main clause (result)
menggunakan perfect modal (modal + have + past participle).

Berikut rumus conditional sentence tipe 3.

If di awal kalimat:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

If di tengah kalimat:

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Tipe 3

Kalimat Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence tipe 3

(+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.

(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Fakta:
 but you didn’t remember

(tapi kamu tidak ingat)

If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher position
than you.

(Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin
memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.)

Fakta:

but I didn’t give really good answers

(tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus)

(-) If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates.

(Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.)

Fakta:

but the waitress wasn’t careful

(tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati)

(?) If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?

(Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?)

Fakta:

but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness

(tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)

Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Tipe 3

Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan
menghilangkan kata “if” dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut.

Normal Inverted

If you (S) had (V) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone.

(Jika kamu telah menyimpan emasmu di safety deposit box, emasmu tidak akan hilang.)
Had (V) you (S) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone.
EXPOSITION TEXT

Text exposition adalah sebuah teks yang membahas sebuah isu atau permasalahan dan
membahasnya dari satu sudut pandang. Exposition dapat dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu:
analytical dan hortatory. Bila analytical exposition adalah teks exposition yang tidak disertai
saran (hanya menyertakan pendapat dan argumen), maka text hortatory exposition adalah text
yang disertai saran.

An analylical exposition text is a from of an essay or an argumentative text. The social

function is to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case (good, bad, necessarry,
harmful, needs to do, benefical, etc). So, it is also called a persuasive text.

EXAMPLES :

 Why books are important for us?

 Cars should be banned from cities.

 Nuclear energy is very hazardous.

 Smoking is not a good habit.

 Smoking is dangerous for your health.

THE ANALYTICAL EXPOSITIONS ARE ORGANIZED IN THREE STAGES :

1. Thesis : It indicates the topic you are talking about. The paragraph should ended with
the expressions of reasoning or proving the statement.

2. Argumen : It list several reasons, gives facts or statistic or provides several examples.

3. Reiteration : It restates the statement that has been stated in the thesis or makes
conclusion based on the arguments.

Reading an Exposition Text

Before you read the text, translate the bolded phrases found in the text! Then read the
following text carefully!

Smoking in Restaurant Title

Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because
it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers. Thesis

Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke

affects all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste Argument 1: Point
good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke. and Elaboration

Another reason, smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the

harm it can do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke Argument 2: Point
made by a smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer. and Elaboration

Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers.

Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease, then people should not smoke Argument 3: Point
to keep healthy. and Elaboration

Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a Conclusion

health risk to the smokers and must not be allowed in any restaurants. (Reiteration)

You may be asking yourself why it is necessary to save money. If you have enough to pay
everything you need, why should youu worry about putting some money aside each month?
There are a variety or reasons to begin saving money. Different people save for different
reasons. Here are some reasons that you may consider saving your money.
One reasons is for emergency funds. It is important enough to have an emergency fund
set aside to cover unexpected expenses. This could cover an unexpected car repair,
improvements on your house, an illness, or a sudden job loss. Ideally your expenses. In
addition, you need to make sure you have a plan and good enough insurance in place to help
you to survive the unexpected financial events in your life.
Anoter important reason to save money is for you retirement. Although its too hard to do
but the sooner you start saving retirement, the less you will have to save in the future. You
can put your money to work for you. As you continue to contribute overtime you will be
earning more interest on the money you have.
A third reason to save money is for vacation or secondaryitems. You buying and
negotiating power goes a lot farther when you have a significant saving. You can save up for
tour to Bali or Europe. Your negotiating power is stronger if you have enough cash in hand.
You can also negotiate the price of the car much lower if you are willing to pay cash at the
dealership.
Last but not least, the reason to begin saving money is for your money is for your future
education. Each year more people return to school to earn their master or doctoral degrees.
You may also consider saving for your child’s education when the time comes. Better
educations usually demand expensive costs.
From the reason mentions above, it is unquestionable that saving money is a good habit
and it is a compulsory, like an old proverb saying “forewarned, forarmed”.

HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT:

Rock Rocks!! Title

Rock music has been one of the most powerful music in the world.Rock
does not only concern with the music but also the life and fashion style of
the rockers. Argument 1

Firstly, there are those who do not approve of the way rockers dress and
behave. Some go further and accuse rockers of Satanism. For example,
Ozzy Osbourne, a famous rock star, often bit the head off small animals
and drank their blood on stage. Many people considered such acts
affiliated with Satanism. Argument 2

Secondly, there are also occasions where teen commits suicide after
going to a concert or listening to music. Such cases strengthen the
conviction of many people that rock music, such as heavy metal and
underground music is truly a bad influence. Argument 3

Finally, for those reasons, I think the rockers should give positive
examples to the listeners because the listeners tend to listen to their idols
instead of other people. Recommendation
 Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject
kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of
action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan
bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya
transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been,
being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been)
atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been); sedangkan past
participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh:

 She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive).

 He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular
atau irregular.

Contoh:

 play (base form) —> played (past participle)

 sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice

 subject: I
I am paid in dollars.
 be: am (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
  pp: paid

 subject: the red velvet

recipe

 be: is The red velvet recipe is used by many people.

(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak
 pp: used orang.)

 subject: all of my shoes

 be: are
All of my shoes are washed every month.
 pp: washed (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

 subject: large amounts of

meat and milk Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by
 be: are many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh
 pp: consumed banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)

 subject: the book

 be: was
The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
 pp: edited (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

 subject: the books

 be: were
The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
 pp: edited (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan.
Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan
terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja
tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

 I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had
by me.
  The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is
contained by the snack.

Transformasi Active menjadi Passive Voice

Active “normal” voice dapat ditransformasi atau dirubah bentuknya menjadi passivedengan
tahapan sebagai berikut.

Active Voice —> Passive Voice

Subject (receiver of action)

+
Subject (doer of action) auxiliary verb*
+ —> +
action verb past participle
+ +/-
object (receiver of action) by …(doer of action)

*
Penjelasan mengenai auxiliary verb yang digunakan pada dapat dilihat pada bagian 1.

Contoh:
 Julia wrote the report. —> The report was written by Julia
 I have made a decision. —> A decision has been made by me.

Penggunaan dan Contoh

Beberapa penggunaan dan contoh perubahan kalimat aktif menjadi pasif adalah sebagai
berikut.

Active Voice Passive Voice

digunakan ketika doer of action (pelaku aksi) tidak diketahui

Someone knocked on
your door last night. Your door was knocked on last night.

Somebody has
used the computer
without permission The computer has been used without permission.
digunakan ketika doer of action tidak penting untuk disebutkan (misalnya karena pelaku
aksi tersebut sudah jelas / bisa ditebak atau merujuk kepada orang secara umum)

You can view the

results on the web. The final results can be viewed on the web.

People
seldom do physical
exercises regularly. Physical exercises are seldom done regularly.

The
teacher instructed the
students to solve the
math problem. The students were instructed to solve the math problem.

digunakan untuk memberi penekanan pada object

Sunmark
Press published The
Enzyme Factor at the The Enzyme Factor was published at the first time in 2005 by
first time in 2005. Sunmark Press.

I have to
collect more than
20,000 dollars to buy More than 20,000 dollars have to be collected to buy the car.
the car. (bentuk pasif dari infinitive)

digunakan sebagai variasi pada tulisan (misalnya pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada
kalimat sebelumnya)

KPK investigators
knew that Neneng
Sri Wahyuni
returned to
Indonesia.
They arrestedthe KPK investigators knew that Neneng Sri Wahyuni returned to
woman on June 13. Indonesia. The woman was arrested on June 13.
Rumus dan Contoh Passive Voice pada Tenses

Auxiliary verb untuk membentuk konstruksi pasif pada tenses dapat berupa primary auxiliary
“be” (is, are, was, were), kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary (is/are being, was/were
being, has/have been), atau antara primary auxiliary dengan modal verb (will be, will have
been).

Auxialiary tersebut kemudian dipadukan dengan past participle untuk membentuk passive
verb form.

Rumus dan contoh passive voice pada beberapa macam tenses dapat dilihat pada tabel
sebagai berikut.

Tenses Contoh

simple present tense

am/is/are + past participle

The crafts are made of wood.

(Kerajinan tersebut terbuat dari kayu.)

present continuous tense

am/is/are + being + past participle

The room is being cleaned.

(Ruangan tersebut sedang dibersihkan.)

present perfect tense

has/have + been + past participle

Your requests have been approved.

(Permintaanmu telah disetujui.)

simple past tense

was/were + past participle

The mansion was built in 1990.

(Gedung itu dibangun tahun 1990.)

past continuous tense

was/were + being + past participle

Your gown was being washed.

(Gaunmu sedang dibersihkan.)

past perfect tense

had + been+ past participle

The fence had been painted in green.

(Pagar tersebut telah dicat hijau.)

simple future tense

will + be + past participle

The packet will be sent.

(Paket tersebut akan dikirim.)

future perfect tense

will + have + been + past participle

The article will have been read ninety times.

(Artikel itu akan telah dibaca sembilan puluh kali.)

Catatan:

Bentuk pasif dari perfect continuous sebaiknya dihindari karena rumit dan tidak elegan.

Passive Voice pada Infinitive

Bentuk pasif dari infinitive phrase dapat berperan sebagai subject, object, maupun modifier
pada suatu kalimat. Rumus dan contoh bentuk pasif pada infinitive adalah sebagai berikut.

(to) be + past participle

Contoh:

SubjectTo be accompanied with him is a bad idea.

(Ditemani olehnya merupakan ide yang buruk.)

Object Everyone needs to be loved.

(Setiap orang butuh dicintai.)

Modifier He is the man to be trusted for all the things.

(Dia laki-laki yang dapat dipercaya untuk semua hal.)

Passive Voice pada Gerund

Bentuk pasif pada gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object, maupun object of
preposition dalam suatu kalimat. Berikut rumus dan contoh bentuk pasif pada gerund.

being + past participle

Contoh:

Being accompanied with him is a bad idea. (Subject)

My brother enjoyed being taken to the beach. (Object)

My brother’s happy of being taken to the beach. (Object of preposition)