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By Matt Vera - July 3, 2014
Is your knowledge about the foundation of nursing well and sound? This quiz will
question your ability to handle different nursing procedures, and other concepts covered
by Fundamentals of Nursing.
Nurses are a unique kind. They have this insatiable need to care for others, which is both their
biggest strength and fatal flaw.
– Dr. Jean Watson
Topics
Topics or concepts included in this exam are:
• Drug Administration
• Nursing Procedures and Skills
• Various questions about Fundamentals of Nursing
Guidelines
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A. Avoid bathing the patient until the condition is remedied, and notify the physician
B. Ask the physician to refer the patient to a dermatologist, and suggest that the patient
wear home-laundered sleepwear
C. Consult the dietitian about increasing the patient’s fat intake, and take necessary
measures to prevent infection
D. Encourage the patient to increase his fluid intake, use non-irritating soap when
bathing the patient, and apply lotion to the involved areas
2. When bathing a patient’s extremities, the nurse should use long, firm strokes
from the distal to the proximal areas. This technique:
A. Stage I non-REM
B. Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
C. Stage II non-REM
D. Delta stage
4. The natural sedative in meat and milk products (especially warm milk) that
can help induce sleep is:
A. Flurazepam
B. Temazepam
C. Tryptophan
D. Methotrimeprazine
5. Nursing interventions that can help the patient to relax and sleep restfully
include all of the following except:
6. Restraints can be used for all of the following purposes except to:
A. Prevent a confused patient from removing tubes, such as feeding tubes, I.V. lines, and
urinary catheters
B. Prevent a patient from falling out of bed or a chair
C. Discourage a patient from attempting to ambulate alone when he requires assistance
for his safety
D. Prevent a patient from becoming confused or disoriented
9. A terminally ill patient usually experiences all of the following feelings during
the anger stage except:
A. Rage
B. Envy
C. Numbness
D. Resentment
10. Nurses and other health care provides often have difficulty helping a
terminally ill patient through the necessary stages leading to acceptance of
death. Which of the following strategies is most helpful to the nurse in
achieving this goal?
11. Which of the following symptoms is the best indicator of imminent death?
12. A nurse caring for a patient with an infectious disease who requires
isolation should refers to guidelines published by the:
13. To institute appropriate isolation precautions, the nurse must first know
the:
14. Which is the correct procedure for collecting a sputum specimen for culture
and sensitivity testing?
A. Have the patient place the specimen in a container and enclose the container in a
plastic bag
B. Have the patient expectorate the sputum while the nurse holds the container
C. Have the patient expectorate the sputum into a sterile container
D. Offer the patient an antiseptic mouthwash just before he expectorate the sputum
16. The best way to decrease the risk of transferring pathogens to a patient
when removing contaminated gloves is to:
17. After having an I.V. line in place for 72 hours, a patient complains of
tenderness, burning, and swelling. Assessment of the I.V. site reveals that it is
warm and erythematous. This usually indicates:
A. Infection
B. Infiltration
C. Phlebitis
D. Bleeding
19. The nurse is teaching a patient to prepare a syringe with 40 units of U-100
NPH insulin for self-injection. The patient’s first priority concerning self-
injection in this situation is to:
A. 25 gtt/minute
B. 37 gtt/minute
C. 50 gtt/minute
D. 60 gtt/minute
21. A patient must receive 50 units of Humulin regular insulin. The label reads
100 units = 1 ml. How many milliliters should the nurse administer?
A. 0.5 ml
B. 0.75 ml
C. 1 ml
D. 2 ml
22. How should the nurse prepare an injection for a patient who takes both
regular and NPH insulin?
A. Draw up the NPH insulin, then the regular insulin, in the same syringe
B. Draw up the regular insulin, then the NPH insulin, in the same syringe
C. Use two separate syringe
D. Check with the physician
23. A patient has just received 30 mg of codeine by mouth for pain. Five
minutes later he vomits. What should the nurse do first?
25. A staff nurse who is promoted to assistant nurse manager may feel
uncomfortable initially when supervising her former peers. She can best
decrease this discomfort by:
Dry skin will eventually crack, ranking the patient more prone to infection. To prevent
this, the nurse should provide adequate hydration through fluid intake, use nonirritating
soaps or no soap when bathing the patient, and lubricate the patient’s skin with lotion.
Bathing may be limited but need not be avoided entirely. The attending physician and
dietitian may be consulted for treatment, but home-laundered items usually are not
necessary.
Washing from distal to proximal areas stimulates venous blood flow, thereby preventing
venous stasis. It improves circulation but does not result in vasoconstriction. The nurse
can assess the patient’s condition throughout the bath, regardless of washing technique,
and should feel no strain while bathing the patient.
Other characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are deep sleep (the patient
cannot be awakened easily), depressed muscle tone, and possibly irregular heart and
respiratory rates. Non-REM sleep is a deep, restful sleep without dreaming. Delta stage,
or slow-wave sleep, occurs during non-REM Stages III and IV and is often equated with
quiet sleep.
4. Answer: C. Tryptophan
5. Answer: A. Have the patient take a 30- to 60-minute nap in the afternoon
Napping in the afternoon is not conductive to nighttime sleeping. Quiet music, watching
television, reading, and massage usually will relax the patient, helping him to fall asleep.
When applying restraints, the nurse must document the type of behavior that prompted
her to use them, document the type of restraints used, and obtain a physician’s written
order for the restraints.
Kubler-Ross’s five successive stages of death and dying are denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, and acceptance. The patient may move back and forth through the different
stages as he and his family members react to the process of dying, but he usually goes
through all of these stages to reach acceptance.
9. Answer: C. Numbness
Numbness is typical of the depression stage, when the patient feels a great sense of loss.
The anger stage includes such feelings as rage, envy, resentment, and the patient’s
questioning “Why me?”
Fixed, dilated pupils are sign of imminent death. Pulse becomes weak but rapid, muscles
become weak and atonic, and periods of apnea occur during respiration.
Before instituting isolation precaution, the nurse must first determine the organism’s
mode of transmission. For example, an organism transmitted through nasal secretions
requires that the patient be kept in respiratory isolation, which involves keeping the
patient in a private room with the door closed and wearing a mask, a gown, and gloves
when coming in direct contact with the patient. The organism’s Gram-straining
characteristics reveal whether the organism is gram-negative or gram-positive, an
important criterion in the physician’s choice for drug therapy and the nurse’s
development of an effective plan of care. The nurse also needs to know whether the
organism is susceptible to antibiotics, but this could take several days to determine; if
she waits for the results before instituting isolation precautions, the organism could be
transmitted in the meantime. The patient’s susceptibility to the organism has already
been established. The nurse would not be instituting isolation precautions for a non-
infected patient.
14. Answer: C. Have the patient expectorate the sputum into a sterile container
Placing the specimen in a sterile container ensures that it will not become contaminated.
The other answers are incorrect because they do not mention sterility and because
antiseptic mouthwash could destroy the organism to be cultured (before sputum
collection, the patient may use only tap water for nursing the mouth).
16. Answer: C. Gently pull just below the cuff and invert the gloves when
removing them
Turning the gloves inside out while removing them keeps all contaminants inside the
gloves. They should then be placed in a plastic bag with soiled dressings and discarded in
a soiled utility room garbage pail (double bagged). The other choices can spread
pathogens within the environment.
Tenderness, warmth, swelling, and, in some instances, a burning sensation are signs and
symptoms of phlebitis. Infection is less likely because no drainage or fever is present.
Infiltration would result in swelling and pallor, not erythema, near the insertion site. The
patient has no evidence of bleeding.
19. Answer: C. Check the syringe to verify that the nurse has removed the
prescribed insulin dose
When the nurse teaches the patient to prepare an insulin injection, the patient’s first
priority is to validate the dose accuracy. The next steps are to select the site, assess the
site, and clean the site with alcohol before injecting the insulin.
22. Answer: B. Draw up the regular insulin, then the NPH insulin, in the same
syringe
Drugs that are compatible may be mixed together in one syringe. In the case of insulin,
the shorter-acting, clear insulin (regular) should be drawn up before the longer-acting,
cloudy insulin (NPH) to ensure accurate measurements.
After a patient has vomited, the nurse must inspect the emesis to document color,
consistency, and amount. In this situation, the patient recently ingested medication, so
the nurse needs to check for remnants of the medication to help determine whether the
patient retained enough of it to be effective. The nurse must then notify the physician,
who will decide whether to repeat the dose or prescribe an antiemetic.
A 24-hour urine output of less than 500 ml in an adult is considered inadequate and may
indicate kidney failure. This must be corrected while the patient is in the acute state so
that appropriate fluids, electrolytes, and medications can be administered and excreted.
Indwelling catheterization is not needed to diagnose trauma, urinary tract infection, or
residual urine.
25. Answer: B. Making changes after evaluating the situation and having
discussions with the staff.
A new assistant nurse manager should not make changes until she has had a chance to
evaluate staff members, patients, and physicians. Changes must be planned thoroughly
and should be based on a need to improve conditions, not just for the sake of change.
Written assignments allow all staff members to know their own and others responsibilities
and serve as a checklist for the manager, enabling her to gauge whether the unit is being
run effectively and whether patients are receiving appropriate care. Telling the staff
nurses that she is making changes to benefit their performance should occur only after
the nurse has made a thorough evaluation. Evaluations are usually done on a yearly
basis or as needed.
See Also
• 3,500+ NCLEX-RN Practice Questions for Free – Tons of practice questions for
various topics in the NCLEX-RN!
• Fundamentals of Nursing Study Guides
Fundamentals of Nursing
Practice exams about the foundations and fundamentals of nursing. Fundamentals of
Nursing Quizzes