XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA

Item No : 22.11

Scheme of study and Syllabi for

B.Tech. Biotechnology/ M.Tech (5 year Integrated) Biotechnology

For students admitted from 2011-12

Semester – III:

Code Course L-T-P-C

BBTCBT301/ Engineering Mathematics – III 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT301

BBTCBT302/ Cell Biology 4-0-0-4

MIBCBT302

BBTCBT303/ Bioprocess Technology 4-0-0-4

MIBCBT303

BBTCBT304/ Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT304

BBTCBT305/ Basic Bioinformatics 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT305

BBTDBT301/ Microbiology 5-0-0-5

MIBDBT301

BBTDBT302/
MIBDBT302 Biochemistry 5-0-0-5

BBTCBT306/ Bioinformatics Laboratory 0-0-3-2

MIBCBT306

BBTDBT303/ Microbiology Laboratory 0-0-3-2

MIBDBT303

BBTDBT304/
MIBDBT304 Biochemistry Laboratory 0-0-3-2

Total 22-3-6-29

192
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
3-1-0-4

BBTCBT301/MIBCT301: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III

UNIT - I 15 Periods
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Laplace transforms – definition – Conditions for existence – Transform of standard functions –

Properties – Transform of derivatives and integrals – Derivatives and integrals of transforms.
Inverse Laplace transforms – Convolution theorem – transform of periodic functions, unit step
function and unit impulse (or dirac delta) function.
Applications to solve higher order ordinary differential equations and Simultaneous differential
equations with constant coefficients and integro- differential equations. Simple Engineering
Applications: Bending of Beams, Whirling of Shafts and Electric Circuits.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
COMPLEX DIFFRENTIATION

Analytic functions – Necessary conditions for analyticity – Cauchy- Riemann equations in

cartesian and polar coordinates – Sufficient conditions for analyticity (without proof) – Properties
of analytic functions: Harmonic functions – Orthogonal system – Construction of an analytic
function when its real or imaginary part is given – Conformal mappings - and only – Bilinear
Transformation. Simple Engineering applications: Complex potential functions, Stream lines,
equipotential , velocity potential and stream

UNIT - III 15 Periods

COMPLEX INTEGRATION

Complex integration –Line and Surface Integrals- Cauchy’s integral theorem – Integral formula –
Taylor’s and Laurent’s series (without proof) – Singularities – Zeros – Poles and

residues – Cauchy’s residue theorem – Contour integration – evaluation of integrals of the type
only.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
FOURIER TRANSFORMS

The infinite Fourier transforms – Sine and cosine transforms – properties – Inversion theorem –
problems – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity – Problems – Finite Fourier transforms – Sine
and cosine transforms – Evaluation of definite Integrals-problems Solving boundary value problems
using finite Fourier sine and cosine transforms.

193
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
TEXTBOOKS

1. “Engineering Mathematics, Part A”, M. K.Venkataraman, National publishing company,

2000.
2. “Engineering Mathematics, volume –III,” 3/e, P. Kandasamy and K. Thilagavathy, S. Chand
& co., India, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. “Higher Engineering Mathematics,” B.S.Grewal, Khanna publishers, 2006.

2. “Advanced engineering Mathematics,” 8/e, J. Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley eastern Ltd., 2007.

3. “Advanced engineering mathematics,” R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Narosa publications,

2006.

194
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-0-0-4

BBTCBT302/MIBCBT302: CELL BIOLOGY

Unit – I 12 Periods

Cell Theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Types and Characteristics

Plasma Membrane: An Overview of its Chemical Composition, Structural organization,

Properties (Membrane Fluidity and Asymmetry) and Function, Extracellular Matrix: Structural
Components Properties and Function

Unit – II 12 Periods

Structure organization and Function of Intracellular Components: Cytoskeleton,Mitochondria,

Chloroplast, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgicomplex.Peroxisomes and Lysosomes, Nucleus of a
Eukaryotic Cell

Unit – III 12 Periods

Different stages of Cell cycle, G1, S, G2 and M.Mitosis - Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis; Meiosis - The stages of Meiosis, Significance of
Meiosis. Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis, Cell Cycle Check Points

Unit – IV 12 Periods

TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES: Passive, Facilitated and Active transport; Co-transport:

Symport and Antiport. Types of Pumps involved in Active Transport : P Class, V Class, F Class
and ABC Transporters. Ion Channels. Transport of Molecules between Nucleus and
Cytosol.Exocytosis and Endocytosis.

Unit V 12 Periods

CellSignaling
Basic Elements of cell signalling systems.Autocrine, paracrine and endocrinesignalling. Second
messengers and their role in signal transduction :CAMP, IP3. Cell Surface receptors in signal
transduction, GPCR and Tyrosine kinase receptors.

Development of Multicellular Organisms

Universal mechanisms of animal development, C.elegans development from the perspective of

individual cells.

195
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
TEXT BOOK

1. “Cell & Molecular Biology – Concepts & Experiments,” 6/e, Gerald Karp, John Wiley & Sons,
USA, 2007.

2. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5/e, B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and
P. Walter, Garland Science, Taylor & Francis, USA, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. “Molecular Cell Biology,” 5/e, J. Darnell, H. Lodish& D. Baltimore. W.H. Freeman, USA,
2003.

2. “Molecular Biology: Genes to proteins,” 3/e, B.E. Tropp, D. Freifelder, Jones & Bartlett
Publishers, USA, 2008.

196
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-0-0-4

BBTCBT303/MIBCBT303: BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I 15 Periods
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL BIOPROCESSES

A historical overview of industrial fermentation processes and products. Isolation, preservation

and improvement of industrial micro-organisms for production of primary and secondary
metabolites; medium requirements for fermentation process - carbon, nitrogen, minerals,
vitamins and other nutrients; examples of simple and complex media.

PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY METABOLITES

A brief outline of processes for the production of some commercially important organic Jacids:
citric acid, itaconic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid.

Amino acids: glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine. Alcohols: ethanol, 2,3-
butanediol.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES

Study of production processes for various classes of low-molecular-weight secondary

metabolites: Antibiotics – beta-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins), aminoglycosides
(streptomycin, kanamycin), macrolides (erythromycin), quinones, aromatics, Vitamins (B2 and
B12) and steroids.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

Production of Commercially Important Enzymes & Recombinant Proteins

Proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, pectinases, isomerases and other commercially

important enzymes for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic applications (Insulin,

Streptokinase); production of vaccines.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
Specialty Bio-products for the Agricultural, Food & Pharmaceutical Industries

Bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers and plant-growth factors; natural bio-preservatives (Nisin),

biopolymers (Xanthum Gum and PHB); single-cell protein.

197
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA

TEXTBOOKS

1.“Basic Biotechnology,” 2/e, C. Ratledge& B. Kristiansen, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

2. Biotechnology, U.Satyanarayana, Books & Allied (P) Ltd., 2005.

REFERENCES

1. “Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation” M.C.

Flickinger, S.W. Drew, Wiley, Vol. 1-5, 1999

198
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-1-0-4

BBTCBT304/MIBCBT304: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I 15 Periods
ABSORPTION & EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

The electromagnetic spectrum; interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.Atomic &

molecular spectroscopy; absorption & emission spectroscopy.

UV-visible Spectroscopy

Types of electronic transitions; Instrumentation; Beer-Lambert’s law; deviation from Beer’s law;
Applicability of Beer’s law to solutions of proteins, nucleic acids and cell cultures. Qualitative &
Quantitative analysis of biological samples (including enzyme assay)

FTIR spectroscopy

Principle; modes of vibration; finger-print& functional group regions. Instrumentation, Sample

preparation methods. Applications: study of protein conformation; biomolecular interactions
(ligand binding to enzymes)

Spectrofluorimetry

Principle-Structural factors giving rise to fluorescence; Instrumentation; Applications

(fluorescence emission and fluorescence dynamics to follow protein folding)

UNIT - II 15 Periods
SPIN RESONANCE AND MASS SPECTROMETRY

NMR spectroscopy
1
H NMR Spectroscopy: Principle; Instrumentation; Chemical shift, spin-spin coupling and
coupling constant; shielding & de-shielding. Applications in the field of biotechnology: structure
elucidation of simple molecules, quantitative analysis; 13C NMR spectroscopy; 2D NMR - Its
significance for protein studies. Introduction to solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

ESR Spectroscopy

Principle- hyperfine splitting- spin labeling;-applications (biological samples and medical

diagnosis)

Mass Spectrometry

Principle- Instrumentation- Parent ion peak- Nitrogen rule- Molecular weight determination.
MALDI-TOF.

199
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
UNIT - III 15 Periods
CHROMATOGRAPHY

Introduction to chromatography- its types- paper-TLC.Column chromatography-Affinity& Ion-

exchange chromatography. Column chromatography, Gas chromatography, Gel Permeation
chromatography. Principle & applications of HPLC (including instrumentation)

Interfacing chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS).

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
ELECTROPHORESIS

Electrophoresis: Principle, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility;

Techniques based on electrophoresis:

Zeta potential measurement (principle, electric field induced denaturation of proteins during
measurement and the importance of diffusion barrier).

Gel electrophoresis : Native PAGE, SDS-PAGE, Two-dimensional electrophoresis, Agarose gel

electrophoresis [Nucleic Acids], ESMA [Electrophoretic Shift Mobility Assay-for DNA-protein
interactions] isoelectric focussing; immunoprecipitation& electro-blotting.

TRACER TECHNIQUES

General tracer techniques; limitations of tracer experiments; labeling procedures; uses of

isotopes as tracers in biological sciences. Radioimmunoassay; immunoradiometry.ELISA.
Commonly used isotopes and their applications.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Instrumental Methods of Analysis” 6/e, Willard, Merritt, Dean & Settle, CBS Publishers,
Delhi, 1986.
2. “Biophysical Chemistry” 1/e A. Upadhyay, K. Uadhyay& N. Nath, Himalaya Publishing
house, Mumbai (Only for Units III and IV)

REFERENCES

1. “Principles & techniques of practical biochemistry”, 5/e, Keith Wilson &John Walker,
Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994

2. “Modern Spectroscopy”, 4/e, J. Michael Hollas, John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA, 2005

3. “Modern Analytical Techniques”, David T. Harvey, Tata McGraw Hill Co., India, 2000

200
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-0-0-4 BBTCBT304/MIBCBT304:BASIC BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT I 14 Periods
The central dogma – genome- the human genome project and the need for databases and
annotation ,Databases – contents, structure and annotation: file formats; annotated sequence
databases; Retrieval of biological data: data retrieval with Entrez& DBGET/LinkDB; data
retrieval with SRS (sequence retrieval system).

Concept of sequencing -DNA, RNA & proteins- Next Generation Sequencing and data handling,
interpreting sequence data

UNIT II 15 Periods
Sequence similarity searches; similarity and identity among biological sequences -amino acid
substitution matrices; FASTA& BLAST; sequence filters; iterative database searches & PSI-
BLAST-Multiple-sequence alignment, local and global alignment algorithms- multiple-sequence
alignment and family relationships

Phylogenetics - cladistics and ontology; building phylogenetic trees and evolutionary

relationships

UNIT III 18 Periods

Structural bioinformatics: conceptual models of protein structure; the relationship of protein
three-dimensional structure to protein function; protein families and pattern databases; protein
domains- structural alignment. Classification of proteins of known three-dimensional structure:
CATH & SCOP –concept of molecular modelling – homology modelling and threading

UNIT IV 13 Periods
Process of drug discovery- drug design and virtual screening – structure and receptor based
ligand design – docking – scoring –small molecular libraries – lead optimisation

TEXTBOOK :

1. “Bioinformatics –Sequence and Genome Analysis’ David W.Mount, CSHL Press, New
York 2e 2005

2. Bioinformatics in the Post-Genomic EraGenome, Transcriptome, Proteome, and

Information-Based Medicine, Addison-Wesley,1e,2004

201
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
5-0-0-5 BBTDBT301/MIBDBT301: MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT - I 15 Periods
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

History and Scope, bacterial cell structure and function, physical and chemical control of
microbes. Study of microbial structures, microscopy and specimen preparation- Light, Phase
contrast, Epi Fluorescent, Confocal Microscopy, SEM, TEM and AFM.

Microbial Growth: Growth curve of microbes; Different methods of enumeration of multiplying-

microorganisms

UNIT - II 15 Periods
MICROBIAL METABOLISM, GENETICS & FUNGI
Microbial Nutrition, Overview of Microbial Metabolism: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation,
Outline of metabolic Pathway involved in synthesis of various classes of antibiotics, Microbial
Genetics: An overview of the mechanisms of Genetic Variations.

Fungi – General Properties, An overview of Classification, Life Cycle of Ascomycetes,

Bascidiomycetes, Zygomycetes

UNIT – III 15 Periods

THE VIRUSES

General properties, Classification, cultivation and assay. Bacteriophages, An Outline of

reproduction of following viruses: single stranded DNA phages, Double Stranded DNA phages,
RNA phages, Temperate Phages, Animal Viruses. Life Cycle of Few Clinically important
Viruses: HIV, SARS, Swine Flu, Dengue and Chickungunia.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
MICROBIAL PATHOGENECITY AND THEIR CONTROL

Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity: Host- parasitic relationships, Immunity: Types, cells
involved. Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases, Microbial mechanism for escaping host
defenses.Pathogenicity of some important human diseases- HIV, Tuberculosis, Candidiasis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy: General Characteristics of Antimicrobial drugs,

Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Agents. An Overview of Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal and
Anti-Viral Drugs.

UNIT - V 15 Periods
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY: Microbial Enzymes, SCP, Biofuels, Bio-polymer, Bioremediation,
Biofouling, Biosensors, Production of Bio-gas, Biofertilizers, Biopesticides, Probiotics and
Biofilms of Clinical importance: Cystic Fibrosis, Wound infections, Biofilms on Implants.

202
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
TEXTBOOKS

“Microbiology” 5/e, L.M. Prescott, J.P. Harley, D.A. Klein, WCB McGraw Hill, New York, USA,
2002.

“Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology” 2/e, A. N. Glazer, H. Nikaido,

Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 2007. (For Unit -V only)

REFERENCES

1. “Foundations in Microbiology”, 4/e, K. Talaro, A. Talaro, W.C. McGraw Hill, New York, USA,
2002.

2. “Essentials of Immunology”, 10/e, I.M. Riott, Willey-Black Well Scientific Publishers,

England, 2001.

3. “Food microbiology”, 1/e,, K. Vijaya Ramesh, MJP Publishers, India, 2007.

4. “Environmental microbiology”, 2/e, R.M. Maier, I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, Academic Press,
CA USA, 2009.

203
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
5-0-0-5 BBTDBT302/MIBDBT302: BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT - I 15 Periods
BIOMOLECULES

Amino acids - Classification, symbols, structures and properties.Proteins - primary structure,

secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary Structure - examples with biological
functions.

Carbohydrates - Classification, structure and functions of mono-, di-, oligo- and

polysaccharides. Glycoconjugates - proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Lipids - Structure and functions of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and glycolipids.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
ENZYMES

Enzyme nomenclature. Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, significance and its limitations,

Lineweaver-Burk equation and its plot. Factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactions.Enzyme
regulation - covalent modification; allosteric modification; positive and negative co-
operativity.Enzyme inhibition - reversible and irreversible inhibitions.

Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis - Proximity effect, general acid-base reaction, electrostatic

interaction, etc., that recur in enzyme reactions; Mechanism of action of Chymotrypsin,
Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A and carboxypeptidase.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

CARBOHYDRATE AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM

Carbohydrate metabolism - Glycolysis (aerobic and anaerobic), feeder pathways of glycolysis,

gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle
and pentose phosphate pathway - pathway, control and energetics.

Nucleic acids metabolism - Purines and Pyrimidines- synthesis, degradation and its control.

204
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
UNIT - IV 16 Periods
AMINO ACID AND LIPID METABOLISM

Amino acids metabolism - transamination, oxidative deamination, urea cycle, breakdown of

amino acids leading to pyruvate, acetyl CoA, α-ketoglutarate and succinyl CoA. Lipids
metabolism - fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol - synthesis, degradation and its control.

Contents of unit – II to be typed with text left-justified.

UNIT-V 14 Periods

ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Electron transport chain and its complexes; Oxidative phosphorylation: chemiosmotic theory;
Proton motive force, ATP synthesis - rotational catalysis; Uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation; control of ATP production.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,” 5/e, David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, W. H,

Freeman and company,New York, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. “Biochemistry,” 4/e, Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet,John Wiley and Sons, 2011.

205
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
0-0-3-2 BBTDBT302/MIBDBT302: BASIC BIOINFORMATICS LAB

1. Internet basics: URL naming & addressing, effective usage of search engines

2. File transfer protocols: Telnet, HTTP, FTP; Basic HTML

3. Representation of biological sequence and structural data

4. Sequence retrieval system and sequence similarity searches

5. Sequence and structural alignment tools

6. Multiple sequence alignment and Phylogenetic analysis

7. Protein structural analysis and visualization

8. Analysis of sequence repeats, motifs and domains

9. Analysis of exons and introns

10. Creating and managing biological databases and webpages

206
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
0-0-3-2 BBTDBT303/MIBDBT303: MICROBIOLOGY LAB

1. Sterilization techniques (lecture/demonstrations)

2. Culturing Microbes

i) Solid: Agar Based

ii) Liquid: Broth Media

3. Pure Culture Techniques

i) Pour Plate

ii) Spread Plate

iii) Streak Plate

4. Isolation and Preservation of Bacterial Cultures

5. Identification of Microorganisms

a) Staining Techniques

i) Simple ii) Gram Stain iii) Negative Stain iv) Acid Fast Stain v) Endospore Stain

b) Motility Determination

c) Biochemical Testing

i) IMViC Test ii) TSI iii) Catalase iv) Nitrate Reduction

d) Hydrolytic Reactions

i) Starch Hydrolysis ii) Caesin hydrolysis iii) Fat hydrolysis

6. Bacterial Growth Curve

7. Effect of Temperature on the viability of microbes

8) Quantitation of Microorganisms

i) Counting:

ii) Plate Count

iii) Haemocytometric count of yeast cells

207
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
iv) Turbidometry

v) Cell Dry Weight/ Biomass Analysis

9)Environmental sample analysis.

i) Microbiological examination of water – Identification of Enteric Coliforms

10) Food microbiology:

(a) milk, (b) fermented food;

11) Clinical microbiology:

i) Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

ii) Determination of MIC

12) UV mutagenesis of bacterial cultures

TEXT BOOK

1. “Biotechnology, A Laboratory Course,” 2/e., J. M. Bucker, G. A. Caldwell & E. A. Zachgo,

Academic Press, Massachusetts, USA, 1996.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. “Microbial Applications,” 8/e, Harold J. Benson, McGraw Hill, New York, USA, 2001.

208
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
0-0-3-2 BIBDBT304/MIBDBT3044: BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

1. Estimation of amino acid by Formol titration.

2. Estimation of starch by Anthrone method.

3. Estimation of protein by Lowry’s method from germinating seeds.

4. Estimation of cholesterol by Zak’s method.

5. Estimation of amino acid by Ninhydrin method from germinating seeds.

6. Estimation of ascorbic acid.

7. Estimation of DNA.

8. Estimation of RNA.

9. Estimation of Urea by DAM-TSC method.

10. Determination of enzyme activity – AST.

11. Determination of enzyme activity – ALT.

12. Identification of amino acids by descending paper chromatography.

13. Identification of sugars by TLC.

14. Estimation of riboflavin by fluorometry.

209
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
Scheme of study for

B.Tech. (Biotechnology)

For students admitted from 2011-12

Semester – IV

Code Course L-T-P-C

BBTCBT401/ Engineering Mathematics – IV 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT401

BBTCBT402/ Fluid Mechanics for Process Engineers 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT402

BBTCBT403/ Bioprocess Calculations 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT403

BBTCBT404/ Biochemical Thermodynamics 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT404

BBTCBT405/ Biochemical Reaction Engineering 3-1-0-4

MIBCBT405

BBTCBT406/ Fluid Mechanics Laboratory 0-0-3-2

MIBCBT406

BBTDBT401/ Microbiology 5-0-0-5

MIBDBT401

BBTDBT402/
MIBDBT402 Biochemistry 5-0-0-5

BBTDBT403/ Microbiology Laboratory 0-0-3-2

MIBDBT403

BBTDBT404/
MIBDBT404 Biochemistry Laboratory 0-0-3-2

Total 20-5-6-29

210
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
3-1-0-4 BBTCBT401/ MIBCBT401: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - IV

UNIT - I 15 Periods
FOURIER SERIES

Introduction – Dirichlet’s conditions – Euler’s Formula – General Fourier series – Odd and even
functions – Half range series – Parseval’s identity – Complex form of Fourier series – Root –
mean square (RMS) value of a function – Numerical methods of finding Fourier coefficients -
Harmonic analysis.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (PDEs)

Formation of PDEs – Elimination of arbitrary constants and functions – Complete solution –

singular solution – General solution – Solution of PDE by direct integration – First order non
linear PDEs – Standard types: f(p,q) = 0; f(z,p,q) = 0; f(x,y,p,q) = 0 and Clairaut’s equations –
Equations reducible to standard types – Lagrange’s linear equations – Solution of higher order
homogeneous PDEs with constant coefficients.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVE AND HEAT EQUATIONS

One dimensional wave equation–Assumptions- Boundary and initial value problems – Fourier
series solution - One dimensional heat equation –Assumptions- Steady and unsteady states -
Boundary and initial value problems– Fourier series solution.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT FLOW EQUATIONS

Two dimensional heat flow equation –Assumptions- Steady state heat flow in two dimensions –
Laplace equation in Cartesian and Polar coordinates (including annulus) – Fourier series
solution.

TEXTBOOKS

1.“Engineering Mathematics Vol – III,” edition, Dr.P.Kandasamyet al.,S.Chand& Co., India, year.

REFERENCES

1. “Advanced Engineering Mathematics,” 8/e, Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley Eastern Company, 2005.

2. “Engineering Mathematics,” T. Veerarajan, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Ltd., 2001.

(for Semester IV).

3. “Higher Engineering Mathematics,” B.S.Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 2003.

211
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
3-1-0-4 BBTCBT402/ MIBCBT402: FLUID MECHANICS FOR PROCESS ENGINEERS

UNIT - I 15 Periods

FLUID PROPERTIES, FLUID STATICSANDUNITS & DIMENSIONS

Nature of fluids, fluid properties; Fluid classification, rheology of fluids.

Fluid Statics; Pressure measurements manometers; decanters.

Units and dimensions, dimensional Analysis and similitude; Applications.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
FLUID KINEMATICS

Introduction to fluid kinematics: flow classification; flow visualization; Streamline function,

potential function.

Concept of boundary layer: Boundary layer theory, form drag, skin drag, Drag coefficient

Continuity, momentum and mechanical energy equations.

Laminar and turbulent flow through closed conduit; velocity profiles and friction factor for smooth
and rough pipes. Head losses due to friction in pipes, non-circular sections, fittings, etc.;
introduction to compressible flow.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

FLOW THROUGH AND AROUND SOLIDS

Flow around solids and through packed beds; Drag curves for regular and irregular solids.

Settling, types of settling, Sedimentation Equipments.

Flow through fixed bed: Pressure drop, flooding and loading, friction factor for packed beds,
Ergun's equation.

Fluidization: Mechanism, Types; fluidized beds.

General properties of fluidized beds, continuous fluidization, applications.

212
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
UNIT - IV 15 Periods
FLOW MEASUREMENT, PUMPS, FANS AND COMPRESSORS

Measurement of fluid flow; Orifice meter, Venturi meter; Pitot tube; Rotameter, Weirs and

Notches. Wet-gas meter, Hot-wire and hot-film anemometers. Principles and applications of

Doppler effect in flow measurements. Magnetic flow meter.

Transportation of fluids; fluid-moving machinery, performance, selection and specification.Air-lift

and diaphragm pumps, characteristics; Fans, Blowers and Compressors.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Unit Operation in Chemical Engineering,” 7/e, W. L. McCabe, J. C. Smith &Harriot, McGraw

Hills, New York, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. “Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers,” 3/e, N. De Nevers, McGraw Hills, New York,
2004.

2. “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines,” 9/e, R.K.Bhansal, Laxmi Publication,
India, 2010.

3. “Chemical Engineering”, 1/e J. M. Coulson & Richardson, Vol. 1, Asian Book Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi, 2001.

213
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-0-0-4 BBTCBT403/ MIBCBT403: BIO PROCESS CALCULATIONS

UNIT - I 15 Periods
UNITS &DIMENSIONS AND PVT RELATIONSHIP:

Basic & derived units; use of mole in calculations; methods of expressing compositions of
mixtures & solutions.Gas systems: ideal- & real-gas laws; gas constant; calculations of
pressure, volume & temperature, using ideal-gas law; use of partial pressure & partial volume of
a pure component in gas calculations. P-V-T relationship for real gases; law of corresponding
states; Equation of states approach to the P-V-T relationship of non-ideal gas; compressibility
factor.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
MATERIAL BALANCE IN DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

Application of material balance to unit operations like distillation, evaporation, crystallization &
drying.

Material balance with chemical reaction; limiting & excess reactants; recycle, bypass & purging;
problems on recycle, bypass & purging.

Humidity & saturation: calculation of absolute humidity; molal humidity; relative humidity &
percentage humidity; use of humidity in condensation & drying; humidity chart.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

MATERIAL BALANCE IN BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING

Stoichiometry of cell growth & product formation – elemental balances; degrees of reduction of
substrate & biomass; available-electron balances; yield coefficients of biomass & product
formation; maintenance coefficients, problems based on yield coefficients, respiration quotients,
& reduction ratio.

Introduction to unsteady state material balance- simple models in bioprocess engineering

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
ENERGY BALANCE IN BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING

Oxygen consumption and metabolic heat evolution in aerobic cultures, thermodynamic

efficiency of growth.

Metabolic heat generation-Energy and energy balances: Balances on non-reactive process;

effect of pressure and temperature on heat of reaction. Heat of mixing and solution; Balance on
reactive processes; calculations of heats of reaction; formation and combustion, adiabatic
reaction temperature.Theoretical flame temperature.

Introduction to unsteady state Energy Balance – simple models in bioprocess engineering.

214
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA

TEXT BOOKS

1.“Stoichiometry,” 3/e, B. I. Bhatt and S. M. Vora, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1996.

2. “Bio process Engineering Principles,” 2/e, Paulin M Doran, Acadamic press, NewDelhi, 2006.

3. “Bioprocess Engineering,” 2/e, Michael Shuler and FikretKargi, Prentice-Hall, Englewood

Cliffs, NJ, 2002.

REFERENCES

1.“Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering,” 6/e, D. M. Himmelblau, Prentice-

Hall of India, New Delhi, 1996.

2.“Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics,” K.V. Narayanan,Prestice-Hall of India private

Limited, India, 2006. (For I-Unit PVT Relationship)

215
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
4-1-0-4 BBTCBT404/ MIBCBT404: BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

UNIT - I 15 Periods
BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS:
Brief review of System, Surroundings and Processes, Open and Closed systems, State
properties, Intensive andExtensive Properties, State and Path functions, equilibrium state and
Phase Rule, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics,Reversible and Irreversible processes, General
Statement of First and Second and Third laws of thermodynamics. (Abrief review of the above is
desired with simple numerical problems).

Concepts of available & unavailable energy; Entropy function

UNIT - II 15 Periods
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS

Thermodynamic Properties of pure Fluids: Reference properties, energy properties, derived

properties, Workfunction, Gibbs free energy, relationships among thermodynamic properties:
Exact differential equations, fundamentalproperty relations, Maxwell’s equations, Clapeyron
equations, Entropy and heat capacity relations, Modified equationsfor internal energy (U) and
enthalpy (H), Effect of temperature on U, H and entropy (S), relationships between Cp and Cv

UNIT - III 15 Periods

SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS

Properties of Solutions:Fugacity, fugacity coefficient, effect of temperature and pressure on

fugacity,Determination of fugacity of pure gases, Fugacities of solids and liquids, Activity: Effect
of temperature and pressureon activity, Partial molar properties: Physical meaning of partial
molar properties, partial molar propertiesand properties of solution, determination of partial
molar properties.

Chemical potential: Effect of temperature andpressure on chemical potential. Fugacity in

solutions: Fugacity in gaseous solutions, Lewis Randal rule, fugacities inliquid solutions, ideal
solutions and Raoult’s law. Henry’s law and dilute solutions: Ideal behaviour and real solutions,
Henry’s law and gas solubility. Activity in solutions: Activity coefficients, Effect of pressure and
temperature onactivity coefficients Gibbs-Duhem equation, property changes of mixing: activity
and property changes of mixing,property changes of mixing for ideal solutions, excess
properties: excess Gibbs free energy. Numerical problems.

216
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
UNIT - IV 15 Periods
PHASE EQUILIBRIA

Criteria of phase equilibria, criterion of stability: phase equilibria in single and multi-component
systems, phase rule fornon-reacting systems, Duhem’s theorem, Vapour-Liquid Equilibria, VLE
in ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Non-Idealsolutions: azeotropes, Consistency test for VLE data,
calculation ofactivity coefficients using Gibbs-Duhem equation, Liquid-Liquid equilibrium
diagrams, Liquid phase reactions,heterogeneous reaction equilibrium, solid-solid equilibria.
Numerical examples.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
CHEMICAL AND BIO CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA

Reaction stoichiometry-Reaction coordinate-Equilibrium criteria for homogeneous chemical

reactions; evaluation of equilibrium constant; effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium
constant; role of Gibbs free energy change and entropy change in enzymatic reactions. Other
factors affecting equilibrium constant.Free energy change for enzymatic reactions-Numerical
examples.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics,”6/e, J. M. Smith and Van Ness,

McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000

2. “A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics,” 1/e, K. V. Narayanan, Prentice Hall

of India, New Delhi, 2006.

3. “Bio process Engineering Principles,” 2/e, Paulin M. Doran, Acadamic press, NewDelhi,
2006.

4. “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics,”1/e, Y.V.C. Rao, University Press (I)

Limited,Hyderabad, 1997.

REFERENCES

1. “Chemical and Process Thermodynamics,” 2/e,B.G. Kyle, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi,
2000.

2. “An Introduction to Thermodynamics,” 1/e., Y. V. C. Rao, New Age International, India, 2000.

3. “Kinetics and Energetics in Biotechnology,” J.A. Roels, Elsevier, 1983.

4.“Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics”, 2/e, S. I. Sandler,Wiley, 1989.

217
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
3-0-0-3 BBTCBT405/ MIBCBT405: BIOCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

UNIT - I 15 Periods
REACTION KINETICS

Introduction. Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions.Concentration-dependent term of a rate

equation. Temperature-dependence of a rate equations- Arrhenius theory, collision theory and
transition state theory. Mechanism of a reaction.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS AND IDEAL REACTORS

Interpretation of batch reactor data.

Introduction to reactor design.Single ideal reactor.Batch reactor, plug-flow reactor & mixed-flow
reactor for single reactions.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

HETEROGENOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS

Adsorption, chemisorption, desorption – rate controlling steps, diffusion in porous catalyst,

Effectiveness factor, Redox rate equation. Heat effects, performance equation, Experimental
methods for finding rate, determining controlling resistance, product distribution in multiple
reaction, Deactivating catalyst.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
HETEROGENOUS NON-CATALYTIC REACTIONS

Industrial non-catalytic reactions, non-catalytic reaction models for explaining diffusion kinetics
and ash control steps, design aspects of fluid-particle reactor, Fluid-Fluid reactions - Kinetics
and design.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Chemical Reaction Engineering,” 3/e, O. Levenspiel, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.

2. “Advances in chemical Engineering - volume 17”, 1/e, James Wei, John L. Anderson,
Kennath B. Bischoff, John H. Seinfeld, Academic press, New York, 1994.

REFERENCES

1.“Chemical Engineering Kinetics,” 3/e, J. M. Smith, McGraw-Hill International, New York, 1981.

2. “Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering,” 2/e, H. S. Fogler, Prentice-Hall of India, New

Delhi, 1992.

218
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
5-0-0-5 BBTDBT401/ MIBDBT401: MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT - I 15 Periods

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

History and Scope, bacterial cell structure and function, physical and chemical control of
microbes. Study of microbial structures, microscopy and specimen preparation- Light, Phase
contrast, Epi Fluorescent, Confocal Microscopy, SEM, TEM and AFM.

Microbial Growth: Growth curve of microbes; Different methods of enumeration of multiplying-

microorganisms

UNIT - II 15 Periods
MICROBIAL METABOLISM, GENETICS & FUNGI
Microbial Nutrition, Overview of Microbial Metabolism: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation,
Outline of metabolic Pathway involved in synthesis of various classes of antibiotics, Microbial
Genetics: An overview of the mechanisms of Genetic Variations.

Fungi – General Properties, An overview of Classification, Life Cycle of Ascomycetes,

Bascidiomycetes, Zygomycetes

UNIT – III 15 Periods

THE VIRUSES

General properties, Classification, cultivation and assay. Bacteriophages, An Outline of

reproduction of following viruses: single stranded DNA phages, Double Stranded DNA phages,
RNA phages, Temperate Phages, Animal Viruses. Life Cycle of Few Clinically important
Viruses: HIV, SARS, Swine Flu, Dengue and Chickungunia.

UNIT - IV 15 Periods
MICROBIAL PATHOGENECITY AND THEIR CONTROL

Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity: Host- parasitic relationships, Immunity: Types, cells
involved. Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases, Microbial mechanism for escaping host
defenses.Pathogenicity of some important human diseases- HIV, Tuberculosis, Candidiasis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy: General Characteristics of Antimicrobial drugs,

Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Agents. An Overview of Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal and
Anti-Viral Drugs.

UNIT - V 15 Periods
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY: Microbial Enzymes, SCP, Biofuels, Bio-polymer, Bioremediation,
Biofouling, Biosensors, Production of Bio-gas, Biofertilizers, Biopesticides, Probiotics and
Biofilms of Clinical importance: Cystic Fibrosis, Wound infections, Biofilms on Implants.

219
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Microbiology” 5/e, L.M. Prescott, J.P. Harley, D.A. Klein, WCB McGrawHill, New York,
USA, 2002.

2. “Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology” 2/e, A. N. Glazer, H.

Nikaido, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 2007. (For Unit -V only)

REFERENCES

1. “Foundations in Microbiology”, 4/e, K. Talaro, A. Talaro, W.C. McGraw Hill, New York,
USA,2002.

2. “Essentials of Immunology”, 10/ e, I.M. Riott, Willey-Black Well Scientific Publishers,

England, 2001.

3. “Food microbiology”, K. Vijaya Ramesh, MJP Publishers, India, 2007.

4. “Environmental microbiology”, R.M. Maier, Elsevier Publication, India, 2006.

220
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
5-0-0-5 BBTDBT402/ MIBDBT402: BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT - I 15 Periods
BIOMOLECULES

Amino acids - Classification, symbols, structures and properties.Proteins - primary structure,

secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary Structure - examples with biological
functions.

Carbohydrates - Classification, structure and functions of mono-, di-, oligo- and

polysaccharides. Glycoconjugates - proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Lipids - Structure and functions of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and glycolipids.

UNIT - II 15 Periods
ENZYMES

Enzyme nomenclature. Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, significance and its limitations,

Lineweaver-Burk equation and its plot. Factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactions.Enzyme
regulation - covalent modification; allosteric modification; positive and negative co-
operativity.Enzyme inhibition - reversible and irreversible inhibitions.

Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis - Proximity effect, general acid-base reaction, electrostatic

interaction, etc., that recur in enzyme reactions; Mechanism of action of Chymotrypsin,
Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A and carboxypeptidase.

UNIT - III 15 Periods

CARBOHYDRATE AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM

Carbohydrate metabolism - Glycolysis (aerobic and anaerobic), feeder pathways of glycolysis,

gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle
and pentose phosphate pathway - pathway, control and energetics.

Nucleic acids metabolism - Purines and Pyrimidines- synthesis, degradation and its control.

UNIT - IV 16 Periods
AMINO ACID AND LIPID METABOLISM

Amino acids metabolism - transamination, oxidative deamination, urea cycle, breakdown of

amino acids leading to pyruvate, acetyl CoA, α-ketoglutarate and succinyl CoA. Lipids
metabolism - fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol - synthesis, degradation and its control.

221
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
UNIT-V 14 Periods

ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Electron transport chain and its complexes; Oxidative phosphorylation: chemiosmotic theory;
Proton motive force, ATP synthesis - rotational catalysis; Uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation; control of ATP production.

TEXTBOOKS

1. “Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,” 5/e, David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, W. H,

Freeman and company,New York, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. “Biochemistry,” 4/e, Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet,John Wiley and Sons, 2011.

222
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
0-0-3-2 BBTCB406/ MIBCBT406: FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Pipe friction
2. Flow through fittings and valves
3. Calibration of venturi-meter
4. Calibration of orifice-meter
5. Efflux time
6. Single stage Centrifugal pump – performance characteristics
7. Reciprocating pump – performance characteristics
8. Gear pump - performance characteristics
9. Non-Newtonian flow
10. V-notch
11. Pressure drop in helical coil
12. Annular flow
13. Packed bed
14. Fluidised bed
15. Drag study
16. Manometer dynamics
17. Dynamics of interacting and non-interacting systems

223
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
0-0-3-2 BBTDBT403/ MIBDBT403: MICROBIOLOGY LAB

1. Sterilization techniques (lecture/demonstrations)

2. Culturing Microbes

i) Solid: Agar Based

ii) Liquid: Broth Media

3. Pure Culture Techniques

i) Pour Plate

ii) Spread Plate

iii) Streak Plate

4. Isolation and Preservation of Bacterial Cultures

5. Identification of Microorganisms

a) Staining Techniques

i) Simple ii) Gram Stain iii) Negative Stain iv) Acid Fast Stain v) Endospore Stain

b) Motility Determination

c) Biochemical Testing

i) IMViC Test ii) TSI iii) Catalase iv) Nitrate Reduction

d) Hydrolytic Reactions

i) Starch Hydrolysis ii) Caesin hydrolysis iii) Fat hydrolysis

6. Bacterial Growth Curve

7. Effect of Temperature on the viability of microbes

8) Quantitation of Microorganisms

i) Counting:

ii) Plate Count

224
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
iii) Haemocytometric count of yeast cells

iv) Turbidometry

v) Cell Dry Weight/ Biomass Analysis

9)Environmental sample analysis.

i) Microbiological examination of water – Identification of Enteric Coliforms

10) Food microbiology:

(b) milk, (b) fermented food;

11) Clinical microbiology:

i) Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

ii) Determination of MIC

12) UV mutagenesis of bacterial cultures

TEXT BOOK

1.“Microbiology, A Laboratory Course,” J. M. Bucker, G. A. Caldwell & E. A. Zachgo, Academic

Press, USA,1990.

REFERENCE BOOK

2. “Microbial Applications,” 8/e, Harold J. Benson, McGraw Hill, New York, USA, 2001.

225
 XXII Academic Council Meeting SASTRA
BBTDBT404/ MIBDBT404: BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

1. Estimation of amino acid by Formol titration.

2. Estimation of starch by Anthrone method.
3. Estimation of protein by Lowry’s method from germinating seeds.
4. Estimation of cholesterol by Zak’s method.
5. Estimation of amino acid by Ninhydrin method from germinating seeds.
6. Estimation of ascorbic acid.
7. Estimation of DNA.
8. Estimation of RNA.
9. Estimation of Urea by DAM-TSC method.
10. Determination of enzyme activity – AST.
11. Determination of enzyme activity – ALT.
12. Identification of amino acids by descending paper chromatography.
13. Identification of sugars by TLC.
14. Estimation of riboflavin by fluorometry.

226