SEMESTER III

ST501 MATRIX COMPUTER METHODS OF L T P C

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
(Revised from 2005-2006 Batch)
3 0 2 4

UNIT I FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 9

Force and displacement measurement - Generalised or independent measurements -
constrained or dependent measurements - concept of flexibility and stiffness using systems of
springs - Reciprocal relationships between stIffness and flexibility - slifflless and flexibility
in constrained measurements - (rank of matrix)

UNIT II FLEXIBILITY METHOD 9

Relationship between element and system - Strain Energy in terms of flexibility coefficients
- Approach to equivalent joint load concept through Betti's Law - Problems in beams,
frames, trusses - including effect of temperature and support sinking.

UNIT III STIFFNESS METHOD 9

Strain energy in terms of stiffness coefficients - Relationship between element and systems-
Static condensation tec1miques - Problems in beams, frames including secondary effects.
Analysis of 3D structures - Grid and pin jointed trusses.

UNIT IV PROGRAMMING 9
Programming of solution techniques for simultaneous equation solution - Matrix operation -
Simple program development for element stiffness matrix - assemblage - Complete structure
of a stiffness analysis program with subroutines- Use of GTSTRUDL / STAAD I SAP to
solve problems in trusses, beams and frames.

UNITY ADVANCED TOPICS 9

Sub structuring teclmiques (Displacements) - band width reduction - tridiagnolisation
technique - Band solvers.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Mcquire and Gallghar. R.H. "Matrix Structural Analysis", John Wiley, 2000.
2. Beaufit F.W et a1. "Computer Methods of Structural Analysis", Prentice Hall, 1970.
3. John L.Meek, "Matrix Structural Analysis", Mc Graw Hill Book Company, 1971.
4. Bathe K.J. and Wilson E.L, "Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis", Prentice
i, Hall, Engle Wood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA, 1976.
5. Rajasekaran.S., Sankarasubramanian.G, " Computational Structural Mechanics", Prentice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi - 110 001, 200 1, First Edition.
6. Rubinstien, M.F. 'Matrix Computer Analysis of Structures', Prentice Hall, 1966.

6
ST501 -MATRIX COMPUTER METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
)., MARK QUESTIONS

Unit 1
1. Explain equivalent joint load concept
2. Establish the reciprocal relationship between the stiffness and flexibility
matrices with reference to a cantilever beam shown in figure

3. Prove the reciprocal relationship between the stiffness and flexibility

4. Explain independent and constrained force systems
5. Explain generalized or independent measurements of forces and
displacements
6. Explain constrained or dependent measurements of forces and
displacements

Unit 2
1. Derive the expression for strain energy in terms of either stiffness or
flexibility property
2. What are static and kinematic indeterminancies of a structure? Give
examples.
3. Explain Max. Well -Betti's law with neat sketches
4. State and prove Betti's law
5. State and explain Betti's law
6. Develop Flexibility and stiffness matrices corresponding to the
redundant co-ordinates shown in the following figure

~:::j
r----=·E~-----
.
I. L
CD~ ~2
\!:/

1. Prove that flexibility and stiffness coefficients have symmetric properties

2. Develop the stiffness matrix for a beam element shown in figure

3 '1')
A, E, L
4

3. Develop the displacement transformation matrix for a 2D beam element

4. Derive the relation between element and system stiffness matrices
5. Explain Kinematic Indeterminancy of structure
6. Derive the Force displacement relations

1~xPlain the assembling procedure for the stiffness matrix of a structure

fr9m the stiff matrices of the members of the structure (Repeated)
2. "Briefly state the features of anyone software used for the analysis of
structures.
3. ~hat is meant by sky line storage
4. What are the various solution techniques to solve simultaneous
equations (Repeated)

1/xPlain with an ex~mple how the band width can be minimized by proper
numbering in a structure (Repeated) .
2. ~xplain the advantages of reanalysis technique.
3.vWhat
\,/
is band width of matrix? How it is made use in structural analysis
4. "Yhat is meant by band width of a matrix
5. ""What is meant by sky line storage
ST501-MATRIX COMPUTER METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
10 MARK QUESTIONS

Unit 1
1. Develop the Stiffness matrix for the axial force member in XY plane. E, A
and L are constant. The member is arbitrarily oriented. Use physical
approach. (Repeated)

2. Using the energy approach establish the reciprocity property of a linear

elastic structure(Repeated)

3. Develop the Flexibility matrix for the system of springs connected in series
with reference to coordinates 1,2 and 3. The stiffness of each spring is
shown in figure. (4 Marks)
3

k=5kglcm

4. Develop the Stiffness matrix for the beam element with reference to
coordinates shown in figure(6 Marks)

5. Develop the Stiffness matrix for the continuous beam with reference to
coordinates shown in figure
1 .3

i~?-
~r-----~~-----tJ~
J...
1
It
r

6. Derive the relationship between force and displacement for the system given
in figure.

a____~~---,,~FI~,_U_1_ _ _ _ _ _~
~ ~~~ I ;:;%) ~[==\ /£) F 2 , U2
7. Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in figure, treating
AD as redundant.

i 1000 kN

30· .60·

30·

3 2

Given E = 210 kN/mm2; A = 2000mm 2 and length of

bar L2 = 4m.

8. Explain the concept of flexibility and stiffness using system of

springs(Repeated) .

9. Prove the reciprocal relationship between stiffness and flexibility.

Develop the flexibility matrix for beam AS with reference to the coordinates
shown in figure

A B
EI Constant

1<----10m--.>l+II---10m - -.......

10. Develop the flexibility and stiffness matrices for the beam element with
reference to the coordinates shown in the following Figure.

E,I. L
1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure by the flexibility method and
draw the bending mement diagram

30kN

A ~
t
. _ 4rn -Io.o-f-I.....- 4m
t ·t
"14
4m _

2. Using matrix flexibility method analyse the truss loaded as shown in figure
and find the member forces. A and E are the same for all members

3. Analyse the beam shown in figure by the flexibility method

~~
I
8m
3m
I

4. Analyse the frame shown in figure and draw the bending mement
diagram
3 kN/m

4m 3m
I I

A
5. Develop the force transformation matrix and find the system flexibility
matrix. Using that structure flexibility matrix, find the element forces of the
continuous beam shown in figura. Draw the bending moment diagram.
EI=constant.

6. A statically indeterminate truss shown in figure carries a load of 80kN.

Analyse the truss by matrix flexibility method. A and E are same for all the
members.

8OJ\}J
~~----------~ p

~~------------~ C

?l

7.Analyse the frame shown in figure by flexibility method if the support 'A'
sinks by 0.02m. Take EI = 1000 kN/m2 as constant

50kN

~m - - L_ _ _
B ,---_____ .1m_ _....., C
6m

3.5m
5.5 m
D

A
8. Analyse the continuous beam by flexibility method as shown in figure and
draw the BMD

20 kN 12 kN

Aa
1-- 6m --I B 1- 5m
=1c
~
D E

14 12m, 21 ~\_ 8m,! --l

9. Using the flexibility method analyse the continuous beam shown in figure.
The beam I mdergoes settlement of surrorts B rmd C by .150 / EI and 100 / EI
. respectively

16kN/m
~
A
EI

1t---10m IW 10m - - - - - + < 1 1

10. (i) Analyse the pin-jointed plane frame shown in figure. The flexibility for
each member is 0.025 mm / kN
(ii) If the pin-jointed plane frame shown in figure undergoes a uniform
riSA of tAmrArrltlJrA of 82°C, r.rllr.IJlrltA thA forces in the members of the
frame due to the rise of temperature only.

o !100kN c

I
50kN

4m

- - - 4m -----+l
11. Develop the Flexibility matrix for the Pin-jointed Plane frame with reference
to coordinates 1 and 2 shown in Figure given below. The number in
parentheses are the cross-sectional areas of the members in cm 2

----------:--- 1
6'0 8m

1
-4.5m '" 4.Sm---<l- 4.5m-

12. Analyse the Portal frame shown in the following figure by flexibility method

xibility method. 10kNIm

~
50kN

4m, I
8m. 21

I
Idm
I
1. Analyse the frame shown in figure by stiffness method. Draw the BMD
(Repeated)
B~ _______3_m____ ~_

21 c

3m

20k 01

3m

A
r
2. Develop the Stiffness Matrix for the truss shown in figure. Assume AE as
constant. (Repeated)
Ao~ ________________ ~

3m

C~---- ____________~D
4m

3. Find the bending moments and sketch the BMD for the beams shown in
figure. Use stiffness matrix method for the analysis. EI constant.

56kN 28kN 28kN

A ~r-_l,,---+-;(t},r-B~l~l c
112kN/m

4.Analyse the frame shown in figure by the stiffness method

21

3m

A D

\< 5m
5. Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure, using stiffness method. Draw
the BMD.

~
4~
,r 12..m

6. Develop the displacement transformation matrix and find the system stiffness
matrix. Find the internal forces in all members of the rigid frame shown in figure.
Assume axial deformations are neglected.of the continuous beam shown in
figure. Draw the bending moment diagram. EI=constant.

A
I,.
?1

7.Using stiffness method, analyse the rigid-jointed frame frame shown in

figure
1 in figure. 40kN
B 1 c
i 21 21

~2m--~'~---2m~

8. Discuss strain energy in terms of stiffness coefficients. Explain static

condensation techniques
9. Using the stiffness method, analyse the continuous beam shown in
figure

10kN/m 20kN

~l
..-- 4m ---;'>\+-\'-- Sm ---+l.\--+-2m-l

10. Determine the displacement of joint 'A' of the pin-jointed Plane frame
shown in the following Figure, by stiffness method. The number in
parentheses are the cross-sectional areas of the members in cm 2. Take
E=2 x 10 5 N/mm2

B A
(100)

3m 100kN

4m
 Write input data file required for the static analysis of a three storeyed,
two bay frame subject to wind 10ad.(Repeated)

2. Write a flow chart and discuss the various modulus of a stiffness analysis
/ 'of programme.(Repeated)
/~~'"

(i) Write a Programme to find the inverse of a square symmetric matrix

4.,/Write the algorithm and computer program for Gaussian elimination
method.

5. )Jsing any high-level language, write a computer program to obtain the

. / systems stiffness matrix (K) from the element stiffness matrix (k) and the

displacement transformation matrix [~].

6. yifrite a computer program to solve linear simultaneous equation by any

technique.(Repeated)

7. ,~ffte a computer program for formation of element stiffness matrix of a

beam element.

8vPiscuss the salient features of GTSTRUDL and SAP software

packages.
\//
9. Discuss the salient features of STAAD and GTSTRUDL software
packages.
1. Write short notes on:(Repeated)
a. Sub structuring technique
b. Frontal solvers

2. Why reanalysis of a structure is required? What are reanalysis

techniques? Briefly explain tbe exact and approximate reanalysis:~)
/'~~

techniques. (Repeated) ~v/

3. Use substructuring to analyse the structure shown in figure.

Take I = 1 x 10 8 mm 4 and E = 200 GPa.

2..1
~o KN :>
1: 1-
~t 2..'I.
SKN ---7"

1: I 1-

-r .3'n 7;: 3h?

/) /f
"7 7T
;f

4. Calculate the reactions of the beam shown in figure, using the transfer
m,atrix method. E = 200 GPa. I = 2 x 10 8 mm 4 and EI is constant for all
members.

..:;;
I
\1 ••

5. Discuss Sub structuring technique to solve set of linear

V'equations.(Repeated)
6. Discuss the salient features of STAAD and GTSTRUDL software
packages.
7. Discuss band width reduction in the storage schemes;""
8. vO'iscuss how Frontal solver carryout solutions.
9. Discuss how Band Solvers carryout solution for large number of
equations./