Understanding Site

Organization
•What is a Project ?
•What is a Project Life Cycle?
•Project Policy
•Site Planning and Organization
•Time Management
•Human Resource Management
-Organization Chart
- Manpower planning & training
•Safety, health and Security Management
 WHAT IS A PROJECT?
• “Project” implies a particular and unique
activity that has a definite start and finish.
• Projects may be physical in nature, such
as the construction of a building or the
development of a computer software.
• They may also be non-physical, e.g. the
development of a new information
system.
 WHAT IS A PROJECT?
• Project is unique. It is based on one specific
task.
• Pass through a series of sequential stages
between the start and the end commonly known
as “PROJECT LIFE CYCLE”.
• Project activities are generally unique and non-
repetitive.
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
The Cycle consists of:
• Concept
• Design
• Tendering
• Pre-construction
• Construction
• Commissioning
• Management and maintenance
• Disposal
 PROJECT POLICY
• Site organization is based on and guided by the
contract and contractor’s own planning document-
project policy, project implementation plan, etc.
• Project policy is an overall planning document for
the planning and organization of the site.
• For each individual project, a Project Policy is
normally drawn up by the Project
Manager/Director in charge of the project.
• The Project Policy takes into account the particular
requirements of the client and the contract, the
special characteristics of the project and the
corporate policy of the company.
 PROJECT POLICY
• Project Policy usually covers 5 areas: Quality,
Delivery, Cost, Safety & Environment.

• The Project Director / Manager sets the policy,

details the action to be reached in measurable
terms and lists the person responsible for
carrying out the works.
 An example of a Project Policy

Requirements

Quality
of the client:
Timely delivery,
proper
coordination.
Delivery

Characteristics
of project: sets the
Extensive tiling, objectives & aims
Cost

large wet area,

many penetration
affecting water
proofing Details the action
Safety

Company
policy: measurable terms
Quality;
Environment

Innovation,
Safety and
Efficiency lists the person responsible
 SITE PLANNING &
ORGANIZATION
In order to achieve an efficient site layout, the planning for the
temporary site facilities is very important. These facilities include:
• Site hoarding and barricades
• Entry and exit gates
• Washing bays
• Site temporary access roads
• Site drainage
• Storage facilities
• Lifting equipments
• Passenger hoists
• Temporary buildings and services
 Consultants
Washing bay
Site office
Guard
Site office

House
Sub-con

Site office
Main con

Rebar Fab

Substation

Rebar
Washing Guard
bay House

Precast
Canteen
Covered
shed for
carpentry

Stores
Generator
 TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
• Managers who have mastered Time
Management are able to achieve more in the
given time duration, and able to deliver the
project according to schedule

• Time management is the techniques and actions

involved in planning, scheduling, organising
resources and works to meet the project delivery
schedule.
TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
The 3 approaches to work:

• streamline the process and reduce any

non-productive work
• Get through the same amount of work
more effectively
• Do the right work
 TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
Goal-setting:
• Clear goals and focus on the important and
critical tasks.

• Formulate goals/objectives that are

measurable, challenging and achievable.

• Set a clear timeframe in which to achieve the

goals.
 TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
Dealing with deadlines:

• Set realistic deadlines that matches the

overall programme.

• Break down major deadlines into series of

manageable mini-deadlines.
 TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
Manage meetings effectively:
• Do not hold unnecessary meetings
• Circulate a detailed agenda, including
timings, well in advance
• Keep the meeting under control
• Try to avoid going to meetings you do not
need to attend
 TIME MANAGEMENT-overview
• Time is the only resource that cannot be
replaced. It is the administration of the most
important resource.

• Most common and widely used techniques

available for time management and planning are
bar charts, network analysis (CPM charts), etc.
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
• Software programmes: MICROSOFT
PROJECT, PRIMAVERA, FAST TRACK,
etc. the use of computers has simplified
the planning process and allows
immediate results to show the effects of
delay in any activity.
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
Construction programmes can be broadly classified:

a. MASTER CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMES (MCP):

MCP provides a comprehensive overview of the
duration of the main elements of work critical to the
project’s successful completion. The MCP not only
highlights the contractor’s scope of works but can
include also key dates for the completion of the
Consultant’s design, appointment of NSC and for
obtaining Authority approvals.
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
• A typical MCP should incorporate the following key
elements:
a. contract commencing date
b. design completion deadlines
c. approval / permit dates
d. submission deadlines
e. production lead times
f. overall construction schedules
g. testing and commissioning
h. authority inspections and approvals
i. phased / contract completion dates
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
b. Detailed construction programmes (DCP):
Basing on the MCP, each individual trade or
subcontractor will prepare the DCPs. This is
based on each subcontractor’s in depth
knowledge of the work involved and should
coincide with the MCP. The DCPs from the
subcontractors have to be reviewed, revised if
necessary and approved by the PM and his
team before incorporating into the MCP.
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
• Generally for each project, the construction
works could be sub-divided into areas or zones
to allow for a more detailed planning especially
for concreting operations.
• It also applies to architectural works. Based on
the DCPs, short term schedules can be
prepared for coordination purposes.
• This is useful also to monitor the day-to-day site
activities.
 TIME MANAGEMENT
-Site progress
DCP should contain the
following information:
Production , delivery dates, lead times
Site installation/ execution duration
Testing and Commissioning Duration
All task dependencies and linkages
Resources allocation
 TIME MANAGEMENT –manage the site productivity
Factors affecting timely delivery of tasks/works

E.g. Poor organization and management leads to time being
wasted, task/work cannot be delivered according to schedule

total effective
time A Basic time
time

Poor routing design, poor

poor design coordination/integration of
B different M&E services

In- Poor Problem with machine,

effective C working equipment; bad working
time method methods, poor site layout;

Poor Poor management,

D
management poor planning & control,
work attitude, poor quality,
Poor safety
 Human Resource Management

ORGANIZATION CHART
Director

Architect M&E Technical Construction QA/QC Contracts EHS Security

Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager
Head Office
Site
Site
Manager
Architectural C&S Design
Coordinator Coordinator Site Quantity EHS Security
Senior C&S Clerk Surveyors Officer Officer
M&E Engineer
Coordinator
EHS Security
Draught Draught Site C&S Quarter Supervisors Guards
Persons Persons Foremen Engineers Master
Land
Draught Surveyors
Persons BBS

QA/QC
Engineers
 Human Resource Management

HRM – one key task is to ensure sufficient workers deployed on site to

meet the construction schedule.

HRM – another key task is to ensure that the workers deployed has the right
training, skill and knowledge.
For example, a well-trained, cohesive group that is familiar with the
company's policies, and processes and procedures produce better work
output.
Very often there is a shortage of worker in the market, especially the skilled
one. The labor shortage may pressurize the company to use ad hoc or
different labor on the job than what was planned. New or temporary workers
brought into the job site may not adapt well to the site condition or the system
already in place.
Another problem could be that new working methodology such as Pre-cast
requiring different training and experience from the workers. So it is up to the
manager in-charge to handle these challenges.

HRM – other key tasks

 Safety , Health and Security Management
Construction site should be organised into a safe work place for all on the project.
Worker’s health must also be taken care when organising work on site. Any injury
on site not only affect the output of the injured, but also affects other workers’
performance while they attend to the injured worker and new work procedures
may be imposed. Worst case scenario is to be given a Stop-Work Order that result
in disruption to the construction schedule and great loss of manpower and time.
In addition to economic and time loss, unsafe or un-healthy work place also lead
to low morale and affect the workers emotionally.
In addition, there are also security measures required to be implemented either by
the regulations or the client. For instance, security check must be carried out to
ensure no illegal workers are deployed on site.
Many safety, health and security procedures and measures which must be
implemented on site are laid down by relevant codes and regulations, etc.

In addition, manager must understand that emergencies and firefighting, in other

words lack of planning, are the top contributors to unsafe job sites.
Thus, one of the main tasks in site organisation is to lay out and plan the daily,
weekly, and long-term activities. Work layout and activities planning automatically
improve safety on site and reduce unforeseen incidents because there is no need
for firefighting.
 Safety Management on Site
-Risk Assessment
-Safety Control Measures
-others

Risk assessment is a process for identifying and

analysing safety and health hazards associated with
work, estimating the risks involved, and prioritising
measures to control the hazards, and reduce the risks
Safety Control Measures
e.g. Physical control measures-WSH
(Construction) Regulations Part II
• Safety and health management system
• Site co-ordination meeting
• Safety and health co-coordinator
• Safety and health training
e.g. Part III-Permit-to-work system
No high risk construction without permit-to-work