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The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses:
1) The basic data processing cycle of input, process, and output.
2) The key elements and components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software.
3) A brief history of early computers from the abacus to modern computers invented by pioneers like Pascal, Babbage, and Engelbert.
4) The different types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, servers and how first generation computers relied on vacuum tubes.
The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses:
1) The basic data processing cycle of input, process, and output.
2) The key elements and components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software.
3) A brief history of early computers from the abacus to modern computers invented by pioneers like Pascal, Babbage, and Engelbert.
4) The different types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, servers and how first generation computers relied on vacuum tubes.
The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses:
1) The basic data processing cycle of input, process, and output.
2) The key elements and components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software.
3) A brief history of early computers from the abacus to modern computers invented by pioneers like Pascal, Babbage, and Engelbert.
4) The different types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, servers and how first generation computers relied on vacuum tubes.
Is an electronic programmable device that can store process data to provide and retrieve a INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT meaningful information It is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own INPUT - The initial data or input data are preparing in memory, that can accept data, process the data some convenient form for processing. according to specified rules, produce results, and store the result. PROCESS -Input design data are changed and usually combined with other information. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER OUTPUT - Are results of the processing steps are 1. E = Electronic collected. 2. P = Programmable 3. S = Store COMPUTER HISTORY 4. P = Process ABACUS 5. R = Retrieve 4th Century BC A simple counting aid may have been invented DATA in Babylonia (Iraq) It is a collection of unprocess items which can include text, numbers, images, audio, video. BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662) It is the gold of 21st Century In, 1642, the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal invented a calculating device that would come to be called the The INFORMATION Adding Machine It a processed data Originally called a NUMERICAL WHEEL Conveys meaning an it useful to people CALCULATOR or the PASCALINE.
ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER CHARLES BABBAGE
1. S - Speed Born in 1791, and was an mathematician and 2. R - Reliability professor. 3. C - Consistency He was considered to be the FATHER OF 4. S - Storage COMPUTING. 5. C - Communication With CHARLES BABBAGE creation of the ANALYTICAL ENGINE (1833) DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER Analytical Engine - contained an ARITHMETIC 1. V - Violation of Privacy LOGIC UNIT (ALU) a complex digital circuit. 2. P - Public Safety 3. I - Impact of Labor Force DOUGLAS ENGELBERT 4. H - Health Risk An American Engineer and inventor 5. I - Impact of Environment He invented computer MOUSE in 1963, it was made of WOOD DATA PROCESSING It is the manipulation of data into a more useful CATEGORIES OF PROCESSING form. Includes not only numbers/numerical calculations 1. M - MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING but also operations such as the classification of data uses a combination of manual procedures and the transmission of data from one place to and mechanical equipment. another. 2. E - ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING Different types of input, output and storage development are connected to an electronic computer are connected to an electronic computer to process data. IT 111 Lecture
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS to send (transmit) and received data,
instructions to and from one or more 1. R - RECORDING computers. o refers to the transfer of data onto some form of document 2. SOFTWARE - also called program is one series 2. V - VERIFYING of related instruction organized a common and o A careful checking of any errors from now to perform the... the recorded data. Graphical User Interface (GUI) - 3. D - DUPLICATING interacts with software using text, o Reproducing of data into many forms or graphics and visual image. document Icon - A miniature image that 4. C - CLASSIFYING represent a program, an instruction o This operation separates data into or some other objects. various categories. 5. S - SORTING TWO CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE o Arranging the data in specific order 6. C - CALCULATING 1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE - it is any program that o Arithmetic manipulation of data controls the computer hardware or that 7. S - SUMMARIZING AND REPORTING controls the computer hardware or than can be o Reducing masses of data to a usable used to maintain the computer in some way so form that it runs more efficiently. 8. M - MERGING o Takes two more sets of data, all sets It serves as the interface between the user, having been sorted by the same key application software and computer hardware. and puts them together to form a single sorted set of data THREE BASIC TYPE OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE 9. S - STORING a. OS = Operating System - it tells the o Placing similar data into files for a computer how to use its own future references. components. 10. R - RETRIEVING Ex. Windows, Linux, Macintosh, Ubuntu o Recovering stored data and/or b. NS = Networking System - it allows information when needed. computer to communicate and share data across a network unlike controlling TWO COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER operations and overseeing the network security. 1. HARDWARE -it is tangible or the physical part of c. U = Utility - a program that makes the the computer. computer system or perform highly a. I - Input Device - any hardware compo- specialized functions. Ex. antivirus nent that allows you to enter instruction. Eg. Keyboard, mouse, mic 2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE - it tells the computer camera etc. how to accomplish specific tasks such as word b. O - Output Device - hardware that processing or drawing. conveys information to one or more people. 3. PEOPLEWARE - The one who design, maintain, Eg. monitor, printer, speaker, projector and uses the computer system. Ex. Computer c. S - System Unit (includes processor ) - it Programmer, System Analyst was a case that contains component of the computer that are used to process THE USERS ROLE data. 1. S = Setting up the System d. S- Storage Device - holds data, instruc- 2. I = Installing Software tions and information of future use. 3. R = Running Programs e. C - Communication Device - a hardware 4. M = Managing Files components, that enables a computer 5. M = Maintaining the Systems IT 111 Lecture
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
1. PERSONAL COMPUTERS - it is a computer that often the cause of malfunctions. can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities itself. First generation computers relied on machine a. D - Desktop Computer - designed that language, the lowest-level programming language the system unit, input output desires an understood by computers, to perform operations, and any other devices fit entirely on or they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was under a desk or a table. based on punched cards and paper tape, and output b. N - Notebook/Laptop - it is a portable was displayed on printouts. personal computer often designed to fit on your lap. The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) and c. T - Tablet Pc's - Resembling a letter size ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer state. A special type that allows you to computers are examples of first-generation computing write or draw on screen using a digital devices. The vacuum tube was developed by Lee De pen. Forest. A vacuum tube is a device generally used to d. M - Mobile Device - is a handheld tablet amplify a signal by controlling the movement of of other device that is made for electrons in an evacuated space. portability, and is therefore both compact and lightweight. CHARACTERISTICS
S - Smart Phones 1) First generation computers were based on vacuum
P - Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) tubes. H - Handheld Computer 2) The operating systems of the first generation P - Portable Media Player computers were very slow. D - Digital Cameras 3) They were very large in size. G - Games console 4) Production of the heat was in large amount in first generation computers. 2. SERVERS - it controls access to the hardware 5) Machine language was used for programming. and software and resources on a network and 6) First generation computers were unreliable. provide a centralize storage area programs, 7) They were difficult to program and use. data and information. 3. MAINFRAMES - the large, expensive powerful What are Vacuum Tubes computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected user simultaneously. Alternatively referred to as an electron tube or valve. 4. SUPERCOMPUTERS - is the fastest, most The vacuum tube is a glass tube that has its gas powerful computer and the most expensive. it removed, creating a vacuum. Vacuum tubes contain is capable of processing more than one electrodes for controlling electron flow and were used quadrillion instruction in a single second. in early computers as a switch or an amplifier. 5. EMBEDDED COMPUTER - a special purpose computer that function as a component in a EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator large product . consumer electronic home automation device, automobiles, process EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic controllers and robotics, computer devices and Computer office machines. Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors
First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great