S/N Desiccant Shape Bulk Density Particle Size Bulk Density

(Kg/m )
3
(Ibm/f3)
1 Alumina Alcoa Beads 769 7 x 14 Tyle mesh 48
2 Activated Alumina (UOP A-201) Beads 737 3 -6 mesh 46
3 Mole Sieve Grace - Davidson 4A Beads 673 - 721 4 - 8 mesh 42 - 45
4 UOP MOLSIVTM4A-DG Extrudate 641 - 705 1/8" pellets 40 - 44
5 Mole Sieve Zeochem 4A Beads 705 - 737 4 - 8 mesh 44 - 46
6 Silica Gel Sorbead ®- R Beads 785 5 x 8 mesh 49
7 Silica Gel Sorbead® - H Beads 721 5 x 8 mesh 45
8 Silica Gel Sorbead® - WS Beads 721 5 x 8 mesh 45
 Particle Size Heat Capacity Heat Capacity
(kJ/kg.oC) [Btu/(Ibm-oF)]
1/8" /3/16" /1/4" 1.00 0.24
5 -8 mesh 0.92 0.22
8 -12 mesh 0.96 0.23
1/16" pellets 1.00 0.24
8 -12 mesh 1.00 0.24
5 x 8 mesh 1.05 0.25
5 x 8 mesh 1.05 0.25
5 x 8 mesh 1.05 0.25
Desiccant Outlet Dewpoint Unit
Alumina -73 o
C
Silica Gel -60 o
C
Molecular Sieves <0.1 ppmv
ywP P yw ppw
kPa ppmv kPa

ppw water partial pressure

yw water mole fraction of the natural gas
P pressure of the natural gas
0 0

Xe Xr ∆Xnew
% % %
∆Xnew Net equilibrium loading, new %
∆Xe inlet equilibrium loading %
∆Xr assumed average residual loading (4%)
0

FL ∆Xnew ∆Xa

∆Xa Net equilibrium loading, aged %

∆Xnew Net equilibrium loading, new %
FL life factor
0

mT me ∆Xa ∆Xuseful
kg kg wt% wt%

#DIV/0!

useful capacity of molecular sieve at break

∆Xuseful through
∆Xa Net equilibrium loading, aged %
Mass of sieve in net equivalent
me equilibrium zone
mT total amount of sieve in bed
mH20/hr ∆Xa ta me
kg/hr % hr kg
Mass of sieve in net equivalent
me equilibrium zone
∆Xa Net equilibrium loading, aged %
mH20/hr amount of water removed per hour
ta adsorption cycle time
#DIV/0!

KMS A vg FL MTZL
m m2 m/min
MTZL aged mass transfer zone length
vg superficial gas velocity
A constant
KMS particle size factor
FL life factor
#DIV/0!

ρMS D mMTZ
m kg
ρMS bulk density of the molecular sieve
D bed diameter
mMTZ mass of sieve in MTZ
#VALUE!

∆Xuseful mH20/hr mT Ɵbt

Ɵbt time to water breakthrough

B µ vg C ρg
Dimensionless cp m/min Dimensionless kg/m3

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

∆P/L pressure drop per length kPa/m psi/f
µ gas viscosity cp cp
ρg gas density kg/m3 Ibm/f3
vg superficial gas viscosity m/min f/min
B Constant Dimensionless Dimensionless
C Constant Dimensionless Dimensionless

Bµ (Bµ)2 4Cρg (∆P/L)0.5 2Cρg

A ρg
Dimensionless kg/m3

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

vgmax maximum superficial gas velocity m/min f/min
A Constant Dimensionless Dimensionless
ρg gas density kg/m3 Ibm/f3

q Ps P T Ts
m3/day kPa kPa K K

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

qg actual gas flow actual m3/min acfm
q standard gas flow std m3/day scf/day
Ps standard pressure kPa psi
P actual pressure kPa psi
T actual temperatue K R
Ts standard temperature K R
z gas compressibility factor dimensionless dimensionless

qg vg
m3/min m/min
Dm
qg
vg

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

Dm minimun vessel diameter m f
qg actual gas flowrate m3/min f3/min
vg maximum allowable superficial gas velocity m/min f/min

qg D
m3/mim m

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

vg Actual vapour superficial velocity m/min f/min
D selected diameter of vessel m f/min

mT ρMS D
kg kg/m3 m

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

hB required height of bed m f
mT total amount of molecular sieve in bed kg Ibm
ρMS density of molecular sieve kg/m3 Ibm/f3
D bed diameter m f

hb A
m m

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

hv seam to seam height of adsorber vessel m f
A additional height required 1.5 m 5f
hb required adsorbent bed m f
 ∆P/L
kPa/m Description SI Unit
0 Desiccant Shape and Size B
4x8 bead 4.16
3.2 mm (1/8") extrudate 5.36
8x12 bead 11.3
1.6 mm (1/16" bead) extrudate 17.7

vgmax

#DIV/0!

vgmax
m/min
#DIV/0!
Description SI Unit
A: 3.2 mm (1/8") 74
A: 1.6 mm (1/16") 53

z qg
dimensionless m3/min
#DIV/0!

Dm
m
 #VALUE!

vg
m/min
#NAME?

hB
m
#NAME?

hv
m
0
Column2 FPS Unit FPS Unit
C B C
0.00135 0.056 0.0000889
0.00189 0.0722 0.000124
0.00207 0.152 0.000136
0.238 0.00319 0.00021

FPS Unit
61
43
m Cp ∆TA ƟA QA
kg/hr kJ/kg.oC o
C hr kJ

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

Q heat load in a time interval kJ Btu
m mass flow of regeneration gas kg/h Ibm/hr
Cp heat capacity of regeneration gas kJ/kg.oC Btu/Ibm.oF
∆T Temperatures at different time intervals o
C o
F
Ɵ length of time interval hr hr
QH heating duty

QA QB QC QH
kJ kJ kJ kJ
0 0 0 0

CpL CpS CpD ∆hdesorp

kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC

T1 T2 T3 T4
o
C o
C o
C o
C

msteel mH20 mT
kg/hr kg/hr kg/hr
CpL CpS CpD ∆hdesorp QD
kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC kJ
0

T4 T5
o
C o
C

msteel mH20 mT
kg/hr kg/hr kg/hr

Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit

Qmisc heat loss and misc. heat loads kJ MMBtu/hr
msteel mass of steel kg Ibm
mH20 mass of water to be removed from bed kg Ibm
∆hdesorp heat of desorption kJ/kg Btu/Ibm
Heat Capacity, Cp Column1 Value SI Unit Value2
Cp L
Steel 0.5 kJ/kg.oC 0.12
CpS Liquid Water 4.19 kJ/kg.oC 1
Cp D
Desiccant from desiccant properties kJ/kg.oC from desiccant properties

Heat of Desorption
H2O on Sieve 4187 kJ/kg 1800
H2O on gel or alumina 3256 kJ/kg 1400
Hydrocarbons 465 kJ/kg 200

Density
Carbon Steel 7800 kg/m3 490
Support Balls 1500 kg/m3 94
FPS Unit
Btu/Ibm-oC
Btu/Ibm-oC
Btu/Ibm-oC

Btu/Ibm
Btu/Ibm
Btu/Ibm

Ibm/f3
Ibm/f3
m Cp TH TI QRH
kJ/kg.oC kJ/kg.oC o
C o
C kJ/hr
0
Parameters Description SI Unit FPS Unit
QRH regeneration heater duty kJ/hr Btu/hr
m regeneration gas mass flow kg/hr Ibm/hr
Cp average regeneration gas heat capacity kJ/kg. Co
Btu/Ibm-oF
TH heater outlet temperature o
C o
F
TI capacity heater outlet temperature o
C o
F