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Road Materials
Aggregates
- Used for Bituminous (asphalt) pavement or
Portland cement concrete pavement
c.) Test for Affinity and Swell – binders must adhere or stick firmly
to the aggregate particles.
1.) Binders for asphalt pavement is Bituminous
2.) Binders for concrete pavement is Portland cement and water
3.) Aggregates that swell when immerged in water will destroy
the pavement
4.) Immersion Compression Test measure the tendency of
aggregate to strip or swell under the effects of water
Mineral Filler
- The strength of road pavement will be increased if dust additives which dense the graded
mixture is added.
- Mineral filler reduces the void contents in the mixture
- Dust additives is classified into:
1.) Finely powdered limestone
2.) Slag
3.) Hydrated Lime
4.) Portland Cement
5.) Trap rock dust
6.) Fly ash
Bituminous Material
- Bituminous or asphalt is a viscous liquid used as binder for aggregates in road construction.
- Bituminous material is in liquid form when mixed or combined with aggregates.
- The action of asphalt binder depends on its type and the aggregate it is combined with.
- The purpose of the asphalt binder is to resist the abrasive force brought about by heavy
traffic.
- If road pavement is open type, consisting of coarse particles and asphalt, heavy binder is
needed requiring more asphalts.
Bituminous Binders
- Asphalt cement is used as binder for almost all high types of bituminous pavement
- Asphalt cement is a semi-solid hydrocarbon retained after fuel and lubricating oils are
removed from petroleum.
- The procedure used in grading asphalt cement is the Viscosity Test.
Bituminous Pavement
- Combination of mineral aggregates and binders, the mixture of rock material particles with
asphalt. It has many names: asphalt road, asphalt macadam, bituminous roadways, etc.
- Qualities of Asphalt Road
1.) Surface must be free from cracks or raveling due to shrinkage and fatigue failure.
2.) Must withstand weather condition, including the effect of surface water, heat, cold
and oxidation (discoloration).
3.) Must be resistant to internal moisture such as water vapor
4.) Must possess a tight or porous impermeable surface as the case may be suitable to
underlying base or sub-base
5.) Must be smooth riding and skid free surface
- Prime Coat or tack coat treating the surface to provide new wearing coarse, and to improve
adhesion between the base and the surface coarse.
- Armor Coat surface treatment use a thin bituminous bonder covered by mineral aggregate
applied to an earth, gravel or water bound macadam surface or to stabilize the base.
- Seal Coat is the application of asphalt binder to a pavement surface covered with aggregate.
This treatment is sometimes called Black Seal or Color Coat.
- Sheet Asphalt is a mixture of sand fillers and asphalt cement.
- Cold Laid Asphalt is a mixture of coarse and fine aggregates and liquid asphalt or emulsion.
Aeration before spreading maybe required for evaporation of some solvent water otherwise
the pavement might be over lubricated
- Slurry Seal is a combination of sand, crushed stone, emulsified asphalt and water. It is an
effective solution in filling cracks and rejuvenating the surface of badly deteriorated surface.
- Asphalt Overlay is a layer of asphalt bound aggregate laid to an existing pavement to level
out distorted surface or to cover cracks and joints of the pavement.