Writing Rubrics

Source-Based Writing
Assessment Workshop
Bremen, November 17, 2017
EALTA SIGS Assessment of Writing
and Assessment for Academic
Purposes Joint Meeting
Handouts
Atta Gebril
THE AMERRICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO
Source-based writing assessment Workshop
EALTA SIG Conference, Bremen (November 17, 2017)
Handout (1)
Sample Reading to Write Task
Read the question below, then, read the two passages to get more information about the topic. Write an
essay on the topic giving your opinion in response to the question. Typically, an effective response will
contain a minimum of 300 words. Your writing will be scored based on how well:
- your ideas are explained
- the readings support your argument
- you organize your essay
- you choose words
- you use grammar
- you spell and punctuate
Some people believe that global warming is damaging our planet.

Others believe that global warming is not a serious problem.
Which point of view do you agree with? Why?
Give reasons and support your writing with examples.
*** Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

IMPORTANT! PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE WORKING ON THE TASK:
- The two passages should help you get some ideas about the topic.
- You may go back to the passages to check information while writing.
- You should use ideas and examples from the text. However, you must mention the author’s name
if you do so.
- If you take exactly the same phrases or sentences mentioned in the passage, put them between
two inverted commas (“ ”).
Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Reading (1): Scientists Say Global Warming is Undeniable (Adapted from an article
by David Smith, Reuters, 2005)
Scientists have confirmed that climate change is being caused by human activity. A number of
studies looking at the oceans and melting ice leave no doubt that it is getting warmer, people are
to blame, and the weather is going to suffer. Tim Barnett, who is a famous global warming
researcher, indicates that new computer models that look at ocean temperatures instead of the
atmosphere show the clearest signal yet that global warming is well under way. Mr. Barnett said
that earlier climate models based on air temperatures were weak because most of the evidence for
global warming is not in the air. Other researchers found clear effects on climate and animals. For
example, Ruth Curry, who is from an important oceanographic institute, said changes in the water
cycle affects the ocean and, ultimately, climate. She said the changes were already causing
droughts in the United States, and Greenland’s ice cap. Sharon Smith of the University of Miami
found melting ice was taking with it plants that are an important base of the food supply for many
animals. And the disappearing ice meant big Institution found that melting ice was changing the
animals such as polar bears and seals were losing their homes. Given all these serious problems
caused by global warming and the way humans have abused the earth, governments must act immediately
to save our planet. The future of this planet depends on our actions and any delay would result in serious
problems.
Reading (2): Myths of Global Warming (Adapted from an article by Sterling Burnett, a
Senior Fellow for the National Center for Policy Analysis, 2001)
There is no scientific agreement that global warming is a problem or that humans are its cause.
Even if current predictions of global warming are correct, much of the environmental policy now
proposed is based on wrong theories.First, there is a wrong belief that the earth is warming. While
ground-level temperature suggests the earth has warmed between 0.3 and 0.6 degrees since 1850,
reliable global satellite data show no evidence of warming during the past 18 years. In addition,
scientists do not agree that humans affect global climate because the evidence supporting that
theory is weak. Some people also think that the government must act now to stop global warming.
However, a 1995 analysis by supporters of global warming theory concluded that the world’s
governments can wait up to 25 years to take action with no bad effect on the environment. In
short, our policymakers need not act immediately. The government has time to gather more data,
and industry has time to develop new ways of reducing its influence. Supporters of the theory of
human-caused global warming also argue that it is causing and will continue to cause all
environmental problems. Many famous scientists reject these beliefs. Sea levels are rising around
the globe, though not equally. In fact, sea levels have risen more than 300 feet over the last 18,000
years. Contrary to the predictions of global warming theorists, the current rate of increase is
slower than the average rate over the 18,000-year period.

Handout (2)
Graph-Based Writing Task (Yang, 2012)

Handout 3
Source Use Issues as Reported by Raters (Gebril& Plakans, 2014)

Handout (4)
Sample Essays Based on a Reading-to-Write Task
There are many problems in the world that cause many changes to our environment. These problems
have a big effect and it always a negative effect on the world. Also, it can may because one of dangers
cause to world change. One of these problems is global warming.
Global warming is increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s. This can make a big
change in the world such as, weather, lifestyle, and environment. This change can caused by human
activity, environment and pollution. In my opinion, All of them are truth because, the daily human
activity for example, the worker who work and the factors to make anythings. There are many run-off
can factors produce such as, the dirty water which use to wash the machans and the poison gas. The
poison gas can caused high tempreather of the Garth’s. This will effect on the enviroment for example,
dissolution the trees and plants. Also, it chang the clean water to dirty water (river). I think the human
have are the main factor to make and improve the global warming and the environment can’t chang by
itself. To sum up, we must but roles for all human activities, you this world to product our world.
Today there are many problems that causes by humans activites or anythings that cause it. One of these
problems is the global warming. The global warming is the rumor phenomenon that appear today and it
is being caused by human activities or natural activities like hurrican and other environmental hazards.
Also, there are many scientists and researchers that try to solve this phenomenon. In addition
(“a number of studies looking at the oceans and melting ice have no doubt that it is getting warmer”).
First of all, Tim Barnett is one of a famous global warming researchers who staid that the
(“earlier climate models based on our temperatures were weak because most of the evidence for global
warming is not in the air”)
Next, (“other researchers found clear effects on climate and animals”) and one of these
researchers is Ruth Curry who is from an important oceanographic insititute. (“she said the changes
were already causing droughts in the United States, and Greenland’s ice cap”).
In the other hand, most of the scientists and researchers found not only humans are its cause
but also most of the environmental activities and natural hazards. Also (“scientists do not agree that
humans affect global climate because the evidence supporting that theory is weak”)

Then the governments should try to stop this problem or try to decrease the dangerous that
caused it for people or animals or earth.
In conclusion, I agree when the global warming is damaging our earth and I agree when this
problem that causes many dangerous for our life and other lifes on the earth. Also, people should know
what the global warming that can cause for them like hazards or diseases.
Global warming is a big problem increased in the last years. It affects badly the earth and. The studies
show that this problem is caused by human activity.
Global warming is defined as the increasing in the average temperature of the earth. It was
increased because of the greenhouse effects. That has gas as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide and ozone, these gases keep the heat and the warm of the sun on the earth. The industry
increasing as a result the CO2 and other gases increased, so the greenhouse effects will make the earth
warmer and the climate will change.
The effects of global warming became more every year. For example “Ruth Curry who is from an
important oceanographic institute said the changes will already causing drought in the United States,
and Greenland’s ice cap.” (David Smith, 2006). Also, this problem causing the melting ice and the sea
levels have risen. When I search on the internet I found many other results of global warming.
This is a serious problem and has many bad result. If it doesn’t solve, it will increase and damage
the plant. The governments must act imeddialy with people to find a solutions and save the plant.
I will write about the global warming. The global warming is damaging and it is the very dangerous on
the earth. Also This problems is very important on people.
First, The global warming is problem and this effect for the earth and this also effect on health people.
Then, the cause from global warming is the human and the human does this problem. Also, the human
cause global through some things; cars, factors and smoking…
Second, the global warming sometime effect on the human in health. It is the global warming affect on
animals and every things in the earth. Then this problems also, effect on forest and environment and all
plants.
In conclusion, the global warming (ran out of time)

Handout (5)
Holistic Rubric- Adapted from the Scoring Rubric for the TOEFL iBT Integrated Task
(Gebril & Plakans, 2009)
Score Task Description
5 A response at this level:

 successfully presents their ideas in relation to the relevant information presented
in the reading sources.
 is well organized with well-developed content
 occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or
imprecise presentation of content or connections.
4 A response at this level:
 is generally good in coherently and accurately presenting their ideas in relation to
the relevant information in the reading texts , although may have inaccuracy,
vagueness, or imprecision in connection to points made in the readings.
 has clear organization and logical development.
 more frequent or noticeable minor language errors; such errors do not result in
anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in he connection of ideas.
3 A response at this level
 conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but only vague, global, unclear,
or somewhat imprecise connection to points made in the reading .
 development is somewhat limited, but some specific support for their argument is
provided.
 occasionally lacks cohesion but has a basic organizational structure.
 includes errors of usage and/or grammar that are more frequent or may result in
noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and
connections.
 contains some relevant information from the readings, but is marked by significant
language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas
from the readings
 lacks logical organizational coherence and development. Ideas are very general
and lack specific details in support.

 contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or

meaning at key junctures, or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas
for a reader not already familiar with the topic.
 provides little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content from the readings and
does not follow an organization pattern or develop content.
 includes language that is so low and it is difficult to derive meaning.
 either merely copies sentences from the reading, rejects the topic, not connected to
the topic, is written in a foreign language, or is blank.
Notes:
-- If only one phrase or sentence is copied from the reading, do not assign a “0” but base the
rating on the rest of the essay.
-- If language use & development are at a certain level but the readings have not been included
(directly or indirectly), add “NS” to the score
-- If ideas from the readings are used but not cited, do not rate lower unless the writer is
copying directly (use NC marking).

Handout (6 )
Analytic Scoring Rubric (Plakans & Gebril, 2015)
Analytic scoring rubric ( Adapted from Plakans & Gebril, 2015)
Source use
5- The writing shows high integration quality and accuracy of source text content. Sources
were effectively used to address the issues.
4- Sources are usually appropriately integrated and accurate, and relatively effective in
addressing the issues under discussion.
3- Adequate source use, but not well integrated in the writing. Sometimes source details are
misrepresented.
2- Very few instances of source use with inadequate citation and serious problems with the
accuracy of source information.
1- No source use or very problematic textual borrowing, either through verbatim use
without giving credit to authors; or complete misrepresentation of source information.
Organization
5- The essay has a clear, logical and effective organizational plan, sophisticated use of
cohesive devices, and a solid introduction and conclusion.
4- The essay has an adequate organizational plan, making good use of cohesive devices,
with a clear introduction and conclusion.

3- The organizational plan is not clear enough, but there is an introduction and a conclusion,
and cohesive devices are sometimes used.
2- The organizational plan is weak, few cohesive devices are used, and the argument is not
easily followed.
1- No organizational plan is evident and the argument is difficult to follow.
Development of ideas
5- Full development of ideas using different types of details provided by the student and
drawing support from the source texts.
4- Development is adequate. Details provided by the writer or adapted from the source texts
are generally used to support the argument.
3- Development is emerging, but few details supporting the argument are provided by the
student or adapted from the source texts.
2- Little development in the essay, with hardly any details to support the argument.
1- No development of the topic; the argument is not supported with any details.
Language use
5- Few language errors. The essay includes a variety of sophisticated structures and
language accurately presents source and student’s ideas.
4- Some language errors that do not result in misrepresentation of source or student’s ideas.
Varied vocabulary and structures, but redundancy is sometimes an issue.
10

3- Language errors do not usually interfere with understanding meaning, but may
misrepresent the source or student’s ideas. Limited variety and common redundancy of
structures and vocabulary.
2- Frequent language errors interfere with understanding the essay and misrepresent source
ideas, with basic vocabulary and redundant structures.
1- Serious language errors impede understanding, with limited vocabulary and awkward
structures.
Authorial voice
5- The essay includes a strong student presence with clear personal views that show a high
degree of authority and confidence and can be easily differentiated from those presented
in the source.
4- The essay generally shows the student’s identity, and personal views are separated from
the source details, with some authority and confidence.
3- The student’s identity, authority and confidence are sometimes absent, and it is somewhat
hard to distinguish personal views from source views.
2- The essay is mainly a reflection of the source views and rarely presents personal views,
authority, or confidence.
1- There is no sense of individuality in the essay, which completely mirrors the source
orientation.
11

Handout (7)
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Source-Based Writing

- your ideas are explained

- the readings support your argument

- you organize your essay

- you choose words

- you use grammar

- you spell and punctuate

Some people believe that global warming is damaging our planet.

Give reasons and support your writing with examples.

*** Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

In conclusion, the global warming (ran out of time)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

5 A response at this level:

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

 contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Analytic scoring rubric ( Adapted from Plakans & Gebril, 2015)

were effectively used to address the issues.

addressing the issues under discussion.

accuracy of source information.

without giving credit to authors; or complete misrepresentation of source information.

cohesive devices, and a solid introduction and conclusion.

with a clear introduction and conclusion.

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

and cohesive devices are sometimes used.

1- No organizational plan is evident and the argument is difficult to follow.

drawing support from the source texts.

are generally used to support the argument.

student or adapted from the source texts.

language accurately presents source and student’s ideas.

Varied vocabulary and structures, but redundancy is sometimes an issue.

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

structures and vocabulary.

ideas, with basic vocabulary and redundant structures.

the source details, with some authority and confidence.

hard to distinguish personal views from source views.

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

Copyright © 2017 by Atta Gebril (agebril@aucegypt.edu)

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