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Temperature Pressure
Which
of
the
following
responses
concerning
the
equilibrium
is
correct?
Enthalpy
No
of
mol
of
gaseous
particles
in
product
Effect
of
change
of
No
of
mol
of
gaseous
particles
in
reactant
increase
in
reaction
temperature
on
equilibrium
constant
A
Exothermic
>1
Decrease
B
Exothermic
<1
Decrease
C
Endothermic
>1
Increase
D
Endothermic
<1
Increase
ACJC
Prelim
2010
2 The
reaction
between
NO
and
F2
was
studied
by
mixing
the
two
gases:
2NO(g)
+
F2(g)
2NOF(g),
∆H
<
0
At
different
times
during
the
experiment,
various
changes
were
made
to
the
conditions
inside
the
reaction
vessel.
The
changes
in
concentrations
of
the
three
compounds
in
the
equilibrium
mixture
with
time
are
given
by
the
graph
below:
concentration
F2
/ mol dm-3
NO
NOF
0 7.5 10 time/min
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
correct?
A There
was
a
decrease
in
volume
of
the
reaction
vessel
at
10.0
min
B There
was
an
increase
in
volume
of
the
reaction
vessel
at
7.5
min.
C There
was
an
increase
in
temperature
at
10.0
min.
D A
catalyst
was
added
at
7.5
min.
ACJC
Prelim
2010
3 In
the
Haber–Bosch
Process,
ammonia
gas
is
synthesised
by
reacting
nitrogen
gas
with
hydrogen
gas.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
ΔH
=
46
kJ
mol-‐1
If
the
temperature
of
an
equilibrium
mixture
of
the
three
gases
is
increased
at
constant
pressure,
will
the
volume
of
the
mixture
increase
or
decrease
and
why?
When
the
temperature
is
increased,
which
of
the
following
gases
in
bulb
R
would
cause
the
mercury
level
in
the
right-‐hand
limb
of
the
manometer
to
rise?
A an
equilibrium
mixture
N2F4(g)
2NF2(g);
ΔH
>
0
B an
equilibrium
mixture
H2(g)
+
I2(g)
2HI(g);
ΔH
>
0
C an
equilibrium
mixture
CH3NC(g)
CH3CN(g);
ΔH
<
0
D an
equilibrium
mixture
4NH3(g)
+
5O2(g)
4NO(g)
+
6H2O(g);
ΔH
<
0
HCI
Prelim
2010
7 At
temperature
T
K,
the
three
equilibrium
constants
for
each
equilibrium
are
shown
below.
CO2(g)
+
H2(g)
CO(g)
+
H2O(g)
K1
=
0.2
C(s)
+
CO2(g)
2CO(g)
K2
=
6.2
1
C(s)
+
O2(g)
CO(g)
K3
=
3.3
x
104
2
Using
the
above
equations,
what
is
the
numerical
value
of
Kc
for
the
following
equilibrium
at
temperature
T
K?
A
4.8
x
10 10
−
B
7.1
x
10 9
C
9.3
x
10 6
−
D
4.3
x
10
−
IJC
Prelim
2010
8 The
reaction
between
hydrogen
and
nitrogen
in
the
Haber
process
is
given
below.
3H2(g)
+
N2(g)
2NH3(g)
The
forward
and
backward
rate
constants
are
given
as
k1
and
k-‐1
respectively.
What
happens
to
the
equilibrium
constant
Kp,
k1
and
k-‐1
if
at
equilibrium,
the
volume
of
the
reaction
vessel
is
decreased
at
constant
temperature?
k1
k-‐1
Kp
A
increases
increases
increases
B
unchanged
increases
unchanged
C
increases
increases
decreases
D
unchanged
unchanged
unchanged
IJC
Prelim
2010
9 Pure
H2(g)
can
react
with
I2(g)
according
to
the
following
equation:
H2(g)
+
I2(g)
=
2HI(g)
0.10
mol
of
H2(g)
is
mixed
with
0.10
mol
of
I2(g)
in
a
2
dm3
closed
vessel
at
400oC.
Given
that
the
value
of
Kc
is
9.00
at
400oC,
calculate
the
percentage
of
H2(g)
reacted
when
the
reaction
is
allowed
to
proceed
until
equilibrium.
A
60%
B
75%
C
82%
D
90%
JJC
Prelim
2010
10 The
equilibrium
constant
for
the
reaction
N2O4(g)
2NO2(g)
–3
is
6.10
x
10
at
25°C.
Calculate
the
value
of
K
for
this
reaction:
NO2(g)
½N2O4(g)
A
327
B
164
C
12.8
D
3.05
x
10–3
MI
Prelim
2010
11 When
solid
lead
sulfate
is
added
to
aqueous
iodide,
the
following
equilibrium
is
established:
PbSO4
(s)
+
2I
(aq)
↔
PbI2
(s)
+
SO42
(aq)
− −
In
an
experiment,
0.0660
mol
of
PbSO4
was
added
to
50.0
cm3
of
1.0
mol
dm-‐3
of
aqueous
iodide
solution.
At
equilibrium,
0.0100
mol
of
PbI2
was
formed.
What
is
the
value
of
Kc
for
the
reaction?
A
0.099
B
0.556
C
1.984
D
11.111
MJC
Prelim
2010
12 The
Haber
synthesis
of
ammonia
requires
a
3:1
mixture
of
hydrogen
and
nitrogen.
This
mixture
is
produced
from
methane
where
some
methane
reacts
with
steam
and
some
with
air.
The
overall
changes
are:
CH4
+
2H2O
→
CO2
+
4H2
CH4
+
O2
+
4N2
→
CO2
+
2H2
+
4N2
Which
of
the
following
gives
the
fraction
of
the
total
amount
of
methane
which
reacts
with
steam
to
obtain
a
3:1
mixture
of
hydrogen
and
nitrogen?
A
5
B
4
C
3
D
2
7 7 7 7
NJC
Prelim
2010
13 A
mixture
containing
0.100
mol
of
CaCO3
and
0.100
mol
of
CaO
are
introduced
into
an
evacuated
0.01
m3
vessel.
The
vessel
is
heated
to
a
constant
temperature
of
385
K
such
that
the
equilibrium
below
is
established.
CaCO3(s)
CaO(s)
+
CO2(g)
The
partial
pressure
of
carbon
dioxide
at
equilibrium
is
then
found
to
be
0.220
atm.
What
is
the
total
mass
of
CaCO3
at
equilibrium
after
an
additional
0.300
atm
of
carbon
dioxide
is
pumped
into
the
vessel?
A
0.530
g
B
10.0
g
C
12.5
g
D
19.5
g
NYJC
Prelim
2010
14 For
which
equilibrium
is
Kc
=
Kp?
A C(s)
+
H2O(l)
CO(g)
+
H2(g)
B H2(g)
+
I2(g)
2HI(g)
C N2(g)
+
3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
D 2NO2(g)
N2O4(g)
PJC
Prelim
2010
15 Which
statement
concerning
the
equilibrium
reaction
given
below
is
correct?
2CrO42–(aq)
+
2H+(aq)
Cr2O72–(aq)
+
H2O(l)
A A
redox
reaction
is
taking
place.
B The
equilibrium
constant,
Kc,
has
no
units.
C A
decrease
in
pH
will
result
in
an
increase
in
the
concentration
of
Cr2O72–(aq)
and
the
colour
intensity
of
the
orange
solution
increases.
D The
addition
of
a
catalyst
will
result
in
an
increase
in
the
concentration
of
Cr2O72–
(aq)
and
the
colour
intensity
of
the
orange
solution
increases
PJC
Prelim
2010
16 Under
extreme
conditions,
gallium
chloride,
Ga2Cl6
can
be
formed
via
the
dimerisation
of
GaCl3.
2GaCl3(g)
Ga2Cl6(g)
In
an
experiment,
a
total
pressure
of
7.75
x
103
Pa
was
measured
when
a
3.745
x
10–3
mol
sample
of
GaCl3
was
allowed
to
dimerise
in
a
1.80
dm3
vessel
at
200
°C.
Calculate
α,
the
fraction
of
GaCl3
that
dimerised
at
200
ºC,
assuming
ideal
gas
behaviour.
A
0.053
B
0.105
C
0.895
D
0.947
RJC
Prelim
2010
17 The
graph
below
shows
how
the
fraction
of
a
substance,
X
represented
by
one
of
the
following
compounds
in
the
equilibrium
mixture
shown
below
varies
with
temperature
at
pressures
of
Y
Pa
and
Z
Pa.
4NH3(g)
+
3O2(g)
2N2(g)
+
6H2O(g)
ΔH
=
−1267
kJ
mol 1
−
Identify
X
and
the
correct
relative
magnitudes
of
Y
and
Z.
X
Pressure
A
N2
Z
>
Y
B
O2
Y
>
Z
C
H2O
Y
>
Z
D
NH3
Z
>
Y
RJC
Prelim
2010
18 An
equilibrium
can
be
represented
by
the
following
equation.
P(aq)
+
Q(aq)
=
2R(aq)
+
S(aq)
In
a
certain
mixture,
the
equilibrium
concentration
of
Q
is
10
mol
dm 3
−
What
will
the
new
equilibrium
concentration
of
Q
be
if
5
mol
of
pure
Q
is
dissolved
in
the
mixture?
A between
10
mol
dm 3
and
15
mol
dm 3
− −
C 15 mol dm 3 −
D 10
mol
dm 3
−
RVHS
Prelim
2010
19 The
equilibrium
between
N2O4
and
NO2
is
represented
by
the
following
equation
at
298
K.
N2O4
(g)
2NO2
(g)
If
the
total
pressure
of
the
equilibrium
mixture
is
p
and
the
degree
of
dissociation
of
N2O4
(g)
is y ,
what
is
the
partial
pressure
of
NO2
(g)
under
these
conditions?
2
A
p
B
(2 y) p
C
( 2 y ) p
D
( 2 y ) p
3 1− y 1+ y
SAJC
Prelim
2010
20 Consider
the
following
equilibrium
system:
Fe3O4(s)
+
CO(g)
CO2(g)
+
3
FeO(s)
It
is
a
slightly
endothermic
reaction
at
room
temperature.
Which
of
the
following
changes
is
correct?
A Decreasing
the
temperature
causes
the
position
of
equilibrium
to
shift
to
the
left.
B Increasing
pressure
of
CO(g)
causes
the
position
of
equilibrium
to
shift
to
the
left.
C Adding
Fe3O4(s)
causes
the
position
of
equilibrium
to
shift
to
the
right.
D Reducing
[CO2(g)]
causes
the
position
of
equilibrium
to
shift
to
the
left.
SRJC
Prelim
2010
21
2CHClF2
(g)
CF2=CF2
(g)
+
2HCl
(g)
The
standard
enthalpy
changes
of
formation
of
HCl
(g)
is
-‐92.3
kJmol-‐1,
that
of
CHClF2
(g)
is
-‐485.2
kJmol-‐1
and
that
of
CF2=CF2
(g)
is
-‐658.3
kJmol-‐1.
Which
of
the
following
describes
how
the
yield
of
CF2=CF2
(g)
at
equilibrium
varies
as
temperature
increases?
Which
one
of
the
following
systems
could
the
graphs
represent?
A N2(g)
+
3H2(g)
⇌
2NH3(g)
ΔH
=
–92
kJ
mol–1
B 3O2(g)
+
4NH3(g)
⇌
2N2(g)
+
6H2O(g)
ΔH
=
–1248
kJ
mol–1
C 2N2(g)
+
O2(g)
⇌
2N2O(g)
ΔH
=
+82
kJ
mol–1
D CO2(g)
+
C(s)
⇌
2CO(g)
ΔH
=
+173
kJ
mol–1
VJC
Prelim
2010
23 The
equilibrium
constant
for
the
hydrolysis
of
the
cobalt(II)
cation,
Kh,
is
defined
as
Co(H2O)6
2+(aq)
+
H2O(l)
⇌
[Co(H2O)5(OH)]+(aq)
+
H3O+(aq)
[Co(H2O)5 (OH)+ ] [H3O+ ]
Kh =
[Co(H2O)6 2+ ]
Given
that
Kh
=
5.0
Ï
10
mol
dm ,
what
is
the
pH
of
a
0.200
mol
dm-‐3
CoBr2
solution?
-‐10 -‐3
A
4.3
C
6.5
B
5.0
D
10.0
VJC
Prelim
2010
24 The
graphs
show
the
changes
in
concentration
for
a
reaction
that
goes
to
completion.
The
equation
for
the
reaction
is
A
A
à
2B
+
C
B
A
+
C
à
2B
C
A
à
B
+
2C
D
A
+
B
à
C
YJC
Prelim
2010
25 The
diagram
below
represents
the
reaction
profile
of
a
typical
reversible
reaction.
reactants
products
Which
statement
about
the
equilibrium
is
incorrect?
A The
equilibrium
constant,
Kc,
will
be
larger
at
lower
temperature.
B Both
the
rate
constants,
k1
and
k-‐1
will
increase
by
heating
the
equilibrium
mixture.
C Both
the
rate
constants,
k1
and
k-‐1
will
increase
by
introducing
a
catalyst.
D Both
the
rate
constants,
k1
and
k-‐1
will
increase
by
increasing
the
concentration
of
the
reactants.
YJC
Prelim
2010
The
responses
A
to
D
should
be
selected
on
the
basis
of
A
B
C
D
1,
2
and
3
1
and
2
only
2
and
3
only
1 only
is
are
correct
are
correct
are
correct
correct
26 The
reaction
between
bromine
and
ethane
under
ultraviolet
light
is
represented
by
the
equation
below:
light
C H Br
+
HBr
C2H6
+
Br2
⎯⎯⎯ → 2 5
From
the
information
above,
what
can
be
concluded
regarding
the
rate
of
formation
of
hydrogen
bromide?
Experime Initial
concentration/
mol
Light
Initial
rate
of
nt
C2H6
Br2
intensity
HBr
formation
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
4
1
2
4
1
1. It
is
directly
proportional
to
the
square
root
of
light
intensity.
2. It
is
not
dependent
on
the
initial
concentration
of
bromine.
3. It
is
directly
proportional
to
the
initial
concentration
of
ethane.
JJC
Prelim
2010
27 The
equilibrium
constant
Kc
for
the
decomposition
reaction:
U
(g)
V
(g)
+
W
(g)
is
found
to
vary
with
temperature
as
shown
in
the
diagram
below.
Which
conclusions
can
be
drawn
from
this
information?
1. The
forward
reaction
is
endothermic.
2. The
equilibrium
mixture
will
have
a
higher
proportion
of
U
at
higher
pressures.
3. The
addition
of
a
catalyst
will
change
the
shape
of
the
graph
above.
MJC
Prelim
2010
28 For
the
dimer-‐monomer
system,
A2(g)
2A(g)
the
equilibrium
constants,
Kp,
are
4
x
104
Pa
at
15
oC
and
8
x
104
Pa
at
25
oC
Which
of
the
following
statements
are
true?
1. The
formation
of
A2
from
A
is
exothermic.
2. Doubling
the
total
pressure
of
the
system
reduces
the
percentage
dissociation
to
half
the
original.
3. Addition
of
argon
at
constant
volume
shifts
the
equilibrium
position
to
the
right.
NJC
Prelim
2010
29 The
equilibrium
constant,
Kp,
for
the
reaction
X(g)
+
Y(g)
=
Z(g)
varies
with
temperature
as
shown
in
the
diagram
below.
Which
conclusions
can
be
drawn
from
the
given
information?
1. The
equilibrium
mixture
contains
a
greater
proportion
of
Z
at
higher
pressures.
2. The
equilibrium
mixture
contains
a
greater
proportion
of
Z
at
higher
temperatures.
3. The
reaction
is
endothermic
in
the
forward
direction.
RVHS
Prelim
2010
30 For
the
reaction:
N2O4(g)
2NO2(g)
the
numerical
values
of
Kp
at
two
different
temperatures
are
given
as
follows:
Temperature/
Kp
K
500
1.70
x
103
600
1.78
x
104
Which
of
the
following
statement(s)
is
/
are
correct?
1. The
proportion
of
NO2
in
the
equilibrium
mixture
is
increased
by
decreasing
the
pressure.
2. The
standard
enthalpy
change
of
the
forward
reaction
is
negative.
3. The
units
for
Kp
are
atm-‐1.
SRJC
Prelim
2010