1) Correlation & Regression

The Pearson Correlation produces a sample correlation coefficient, r, which measures

the strength and direction of linear relationships between pairs of continuous
variables. By extension, the Pearson Correlation evaluates whether there is statistical
evidence for a linear relationship among the same pairs of variables in the population,
represented by a population correlation coefficient, ρ (“rho”). The Pearson
Correlation is a parametric measure.

This measure is also known as Pearson’s correlation & Pearson product-moment

correlation (PPMC)

The Pearson Correlation is commonly used to measure the following:

 Correlations among pairs of variables

 Correlations within and between sets of variables

Regression is the next step up after correlation. It is used when we want to

predict the value of a variable based on the value of another variable. The
variable we want to predict is called the dependent variable (or sometimes,
the outcome variable). The variable we are using to predict the other
variable's value is called the independent variable.

2) One Sample T Test

The One Sample t Test determines whether the sample mean is statistically
different from a known or hypothesized population mean. The One Sample t Test is
a parametric test.

This test is also known as a Single Sample t Test & the variable used in this test is
known as Test variable

In a One Sample t Test, the test variable is compared against a "test value", which is
a known or hypothesized value of the mean in the population.

Used to test the following:

 Statistical difference between a sample mean and a known or

hypothesized value of the mean in the population.
 Statistical difference between the sample mean and the sample
midpoint of the test variable.
 Statistical difference between the sample mean of the test variable and
chance.
 Statistical difference between a change score and zero
3) Paired Sample T Test

The Paired Samples t Test compares two means that are from the same individual,
object, or related units. The two means typically represent two different times or
two different but related conditions or units. The test determines whether there is
statistical evidence that the mean difference between paired observations on a
particular outcome is significantly different from zero. The Paired Samples t Test is
a parametric test.

This test is also known as Dependent t Test, Paired t Test,Repeated

Measures t Test

The variable used in this test is known as dependent variable, or test variable
(continuous), measured at two different times or for two related conditions or
units

Used to test the following:

 Statistical difference between two time points

 Statistical difference between two conditions
 Statistical difference between two measurements
 Statistical difference between a matched pair

4) Annova Test /
Univariate analysis of variance

5) Factor Analysis (Data / Dimension Reduction)

Factor analysis involves grouping similar variables into dimensions. The

purpose of factor analysis is to reduce many individual items into a
fewer number of dimensions. Factor analysis can be used to simplify
data, such as reducing the number of variables in regression models.

Used to test the following:

 Factor analysis is also used to verify scale construction. This form
of factor analysis is most often used in the context of structural
equation modeling and is referred to as confirmatory factor
analysis.
 Factor analysis can be used to construct indices.