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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
1
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
2
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright Materials
Session Description
Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
July 23, 2018
Every type of facade system presents its own challenges for the design
team. Where and how are the gravity and lateral loads supported? How
much movement can the facade system accommodate? What is the
jointing pattern? In this session, we will explore masonry cavity wall
systems, aluminum-glass curtain wall systems and panelized systems
such as precast concrete panels or prefabricated metal-framed panels
with masonry or glass-fiber reinforced concrete facing to help answer
these questions.
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Learning Objectives
• List the issues to consider when locating joints in masonry cavity
walls.
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Syllabus for
Night School Sessions
• Session 1 • Fundamentals of Facades
• Design Criteria
• Session 2 • Design and Execution
Responsibilities
• Thermal Bridging
• Session 3 • Planning for Clearances
• Accommodating
• Session 4 Tolerances
Syllabus for
Night School Sessions
• Session 1
• Traditional Masonry
Cavity Walls
• Session 2
• Panelized Facade
Systems
• Session 3 • Aluminum-Glass Curtain
Walls
• Session 4 • Sizing Joints for Vertical
Movement
10
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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General Description
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Volume Change
14
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Movement Joints
15
Elevation
16
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Strip Windows
Elevation
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Architectural Decisions
Ceilings, MEP
19
Architectural Decisions
(a)
(b)
(c)
20
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Dimensions
21
Dimensions
?
? ?
Thickness of Backup ?
22
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Field Adjustability
• Slab edge
• Backup wall
• Shelf angle
23
Vertical Movements
Design Vertical
Movements
24
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Joint Compressibility
+/-30% J
25
In-Plane Movements
Seismic or Wind Drift
26
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
In-Plane Movements
27
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Durability
Cavity and
Insulation
Steel Hanger
Assembly Waterproof
Membrane
Metal Flashing
Galvanized Shelf
Angle
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
39
Long Hangers
40
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Long Hangers
(See preceding slide)
41
Long Hangers
42
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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Potential Problems
• Inadequate provisions for the shelf angle
adjustment:
– Too little masonry bearing on shelf angle
– Cavity too wide for specified masonry ties
• Flashing design does not accommodate
projection of bolts or fasteners into the
cavity at the shelf angle.
52
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Potential Problems
• Inadequate sealant joint size
– Thermal movement and brick growth
– Spandrel beam deflections movements
• Support details at corners and atypical
conditions are not clearly documented in
the design.
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
EIFS Panels
Thin Stone Veneer
GFRC Panels
55
General Description
56
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
57
Two gravity
support clips
Two tie-back
Thin points
panel
material
Backup Frame
58
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
59
Layout of Panels
• Architectural
• Shipping and erection
• Economics
60
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Movement
• Vertical
– Horizontal soft joints
• Lateral
– Volume change
• In-plane story drift
• Out-of-plane
– Wind, seismic
– Bowing
61
Lateral Forces
62
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Field Adjustability
63
Fire Safing
• Approved materials
• Securely installed
• Prevents passage of
flame and hot gases
64
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Connection Types
(Taken from reference Architectural Precast Concrete, Second Edition, PCI. Used
with permission Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute in Design Guide 22)
65
Connection Types
Bearing Connections
66
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Connection Types
Tie-back connections
67
Connection Types
68
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Connection Types
Alignment Connections
69
Alignment
connections on
backside of panel
Alignment Connections
(Adapted from reference Architectural Precast Concrete,
Second Edition, PCI. Used with permission
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute in Design Guide 22.)
70
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
71
Spandrel-Supported Panels
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Spandrel-Supported Panels
73
Potential Problems
• Erection sequence may be complex when coordinating
brackets, blockouts or recesses, and embedment plates.
74
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Potential Problems
• Joints in architectural elevations are not coordinated with
the points of load application to the primary structure as
anticipated by the SER.
75
Potential Problems
• Attachments designed by the SSE may inadvertently:
– Deliver moments or otherwise load the primary structure with
eccentric loads not anticipated by the SER designing the primary
structure.
– Resolve horizontal and vertical kicker loads to lightweight roof
elements that are not designed for the kicker loads.
– Apply loads to the bottom flange of the spandrel.
76
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
77
General Description
“STICK BUILT”
78
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
General Description
“UNITIZED”
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General Description
80
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
81
Lateral Attachment
82
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Architectural Parameters
• Location of mullions
• Joints
• System type
• Story height
• Acceptable mullion
size
• Direction of span
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
• In-Plane:
– L/360 common but
may vary
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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Vertical
slotted
holes
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88
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
93
Potential Problems
• Large gaps between the anchors and the
primary building structure can result in excessive
bending stresses.
• Coordination of locations for adjustment.
• Slotted holes must be long enough to
accommodate adjustment.
94
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Potential Problems
• Coordination of bolted attachments to the
primary building structure.
• Mullion splices should properly account for
volume changes and movement of the primary
building structure.
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Joint Fundamentals
• Joints are necessary in all
facades.
• Joints accommodate
movement and
tolerances.
• Joints control air and
water - especially in
barrier systems.
97
Movement Types
• Dead (Self) Load
• Superimposed Dead Load
• Live Load
• Snow/Rain Load
• Long-Term Shrinkage
• Differential Settlement
• Thermal Movements
• Moisture Movements
98
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Joint Movements
• Dead Load (Self-Weight) Pre-Service DO NOT* need to be
Deflections Superstructure considered
Movements in the facade joint
• Superimposed Dead Load
design.
Deflections
Superstructure MIGHT need to be
• Facade Weight Movements during considered in the facade
Deflections Facade Installation joint design, depending
on the facade type and
its ability to be adjusted
after installation.
Facade Outboard
Between Slabs
of Slabs
Vertical
Facade
adjustment
Unitized
not possible
panel vertical
adjustment
99
Joint Movements
• Live Load Deflections
• Snow/Rain Load Deflections
• Wind Load Deflections/Drift In-Service MUST be considered
Superstructure in the facade joint
• Seismic Deflections/Drift Movements design.
• Long-Term Shrinkage
• Differential Settlement
In-Service
• Thermal Movements MUST be considered
Facade in the facade joint
• Moisture Movements Movements design.
100
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
105
Facade Movements
Thermal Changes
• Building superstructure
typically is fully enclosed
within building thermal
envelope
106
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Facade Movements
Thermal Changes
• Coefficient of Linear Thermal
Expansion of Common Building
Materials
M = ΔT * L * α
L
Coefficient of Linear
Thermal Thermal Expansion
movement Length
Max Temperature
Range
107
Facade Movements
Thermal Changes
• Thermally-broken curtainwall system
will exhibit some differential thermal
stresses.
108
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Facade Movements
Moisture Changes
• Most relevant for masonry and stone
• Brick masonry expands irreversibly due
to water absorption by 0.02 – 0.07%.
109
Sealant
– +50% / -50% typical
movement capacity
– Not all sealant has the
same movement capacity TENSION
COMPRESSION
– Need to confirm with
manufacturer’s product
data
110
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
55
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Joint Types:
Extruded Silicone Sheet
• Typical Capacities
• +200% capacity
• -75% capacity
111
Joint Types:
Extruded Silicone Sheet
112
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
56
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Load Combinations
for Joint Design
• The building code provides some guidance on
load combinations, but no specific requirements.
• Serviceability checks may allow lower forces and
drifts; for example joint sealant movements.
• ASCE 7-16 Commentary suggests:
D + 0.5L + Wa
113
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
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American Institute of Steel Construction
62
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Effects of Vertical
Movements on Vertical Joints
Vertical Movements
Effect on horizontal
joint due to vertical
movement.
Effect on vertical
joint due to vertical
movement.
125
Effects of Horizontal
Movements on Vertical Joints
Horizontal Movements
Effect on horizontal
joint due to horizontal
movement.
126
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American Institute of Steel Construction
63
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Question time
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
65
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
(Note that 4-Session registrants will not have access to the first four sessions)
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
66
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
67
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
8-Session andResources
Night School 4-Sessionfor
Registrants
8-session
package Registrants
Go to www.aisc.org and sign in.
8-Session andResources
Night School 4-Sessionfor
Registrants
8-session
package Registrants
Go to www.aisc.org and sign in.
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American Institute of Steel Construction
68
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
69
AISC Live Webinar Design of Curved Members / Façade Attachments
July 23, 2018 Session 6: Façade Attachments, Part 1
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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