Problem Set No.

2: MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES

NOTE: Upon completion of the different lessons listed under this part of your course study, you will be required to
solve all the problems given in this set. The problems may be solved with books, notes, and other references opened.
You may consult your instructors, classmates, and others whom you feel could help you better understand and solve
the problems. You should, however, refrain from copying previously prepared solutions since this will only defeat
the purpose and objectives of this requirement. Although no time limit is specified to solve each problem, all
solutions and answers must, however, be submitted during the scheduled examination date for the same group of
lesson modules. All solutions must be done on short size bond paper and write on one side only.

1. PACING. In walking along a 75-m course, the pacer of a field party counted 43.50, 44.0, 43.50, 43.75, 44.50, and
43.25 strides. Then 105.50, 106.00, 105.75, and 106.25 strides were counted in walking from one marker to another
established along a straight and level course. Determine the distance between the two markers.

2. PACING. A student paces a 50-m length five times with the following results: 57.00, 56.75, 56.50, 58.00, and 56.25
paces. Determine how many paces he must step off in order to establish a distance of 450 meters on level ground.

3. PACING. Determine the length of a line negotiated in in 208 paces by a person whose pace is 0.76 meters long.
4. DISTANCES BY SUBTENSE BAR. With the use of a 1-sec theodolite positioned at the center of a six-sided lot, the
following readings were taken on a 2-m subtense bar set up at each corner: 0°26’16”, 0°12’35”, 0°15’05”, 0°22’29”,
0°30’45”, and 0°09’50”. Determine the distance of each corner from the instrument position.

5. DISTANCES BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2-m long subtense bar was first set up at A and subsequently at B, and the
subtended angles to the bar as read from a theodolite positioned somewhere along the middle of line AB, were
recorded as 0°24’15” and 0°20’30”, respectively. Determine the length of AB.

6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A traverse line was measured in three sections: 295.85 m at slope 8°45’, 149.58 m at
slope 4°29’, and 373.48 m at slope 4°25’. Determine the horizontal length of the line.

7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A slope measurement of 545.38 m is made between points A and B. The elevation of A is
424. 25 m and that of B is 459.06 m. Determine the horizontal distance between the two points.
8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. The sides of a rectangular parcel of property were measured and recorded as
249.50 m and 496.85 m. It was determined, however, that the 30-m tape used in measuring was actually 30.05 m
long. Determine the correct area of the rectangle in hectares.

9. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. A 30-m steel tape when compared with a standard is actually 29.95 m long.
Determine the correct length of a line measured with this tape and found to be 466.55 m.

10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A track and field coach wishes to lay out for his team a 200-m straightway course. If he
uses a 50-m tape known to be 50.20 m long, determine the measurements to be made so that the course will have
the correct length.

11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. It is required to lay out a building 80 m by 100 m with a 30-m long metallic tape which
was found to be 0.15 m too short. Determine the correct dimensions to be used in order that the building shall have
the desired measurements.
12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A steel tape whose nominal length is supposed to be 30 m long was found to be 30.02
m long when compared with an invar tape during standardization. If the tape is to be used in laying out a 520 m by
850 m rectangular parking lot, determine the actual dimensions to be laid out.

13. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A 30-m steel tape is of standard length at 20°C. If the coefficient of thermal
expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1°C, determine the distance to be laid out using this tape to establish two points
exactly 1235.65 m apart when the temperature is 33°C.

14. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A steel tape having a correct length at 22°C was used to measure a base
line and the recorded readings gave the total of 856.815 m. If the average temperature during the measurement
was 18°C, determine the correct length of the line.

15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A heavy 30-m tape having a cross-sectional area of 0.5 cm2 has been
standardized at a tension of 5 kg. If E=2.10x106 kg/cm2, calculate the elongation of the tape for an increase in tension
from 5.5 kg to 20 kg.
16. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A steel tape is 30.0 m long under a pull of 6.0 kg when supported throughout. It
has a cross-sectional area of 0.035 cm2 and is applied fully supported with a 12 kg pull to measure a line whose
recorded length is 308.32 m. Determine the correct length of the line if E=2.1x106 kg/cm2.

17. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.75 kg is of standard length under a pull of 4.55 kg,
supported for full length. This tape was used in measuring a line (found to be 1371.50 m) on smooth level ground
under a steady pull of 8 kg. Assuming E=2.05x106 kg/cm2 and that the unit weight of steel is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm3,
determine the following: cross sectional area of the tape, correction for increase in tension for the whole length
measured, and the correct length of the measured line.

18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.5 kg and is supported at its end points and at the 5 and
15-meter marks. If the pull of 8 kg is applied, determine the correction due to sag between supports and for one
tape length.
19. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighing 0.04 kg/m is constantly supported only at its end points,
and used to measure a line with a steady pull of 8.5 kg. If the measured length of the line is 2465.18 m, determine
the correct length of the line.

20. NORMAL TENSION. Determine the normal tension required to make a tape exactly 30.0 m between its ends
when used in an unsupported mode, if the tape has cross sectional area of 0.045 cm2 and weighs 0.90 kg. Assume
that the tape is exactly 30.0 m when supported throughout its length under a standard pull of 6.0 kg, and its modulus
of elasticity is 2.10x106 kg/cm2.

21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30-m steel tape supported at its ends weighs 0.03 kg/m and is of standard length under a
pull of 6.5 kg. If the elastic modulus of steel is 2.0x106 kg/cm2 and its weight density is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm3, determine
the tension at which the effect of sag will be eliminated by the elongation of the tape due to increased tension.

22. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A 30-m steel tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross sectional area of 0.022 cm2. It
measures correctly when supported throughout under a tension of 8.0 kg and at temperature of 20°C. When used
in the field, the tape is only supported at its ends, under a pull of 9.0 kg, and at an average temperature of 28°C.
Determine the distance between the zero and 30-m marks.
23. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A line was found to be 2865.35 m long when measured with a 30-m tape under a
steady pull of 6.5 kg at a mean temperature of 30°C. Determine the correct length of the line if the tape used is of
standard length at 20°C under a pull of 5.5 kg. Assume that the cross-sectional area of tape to be 0.025 cm2, elastic
modulus as 2.10x106 kg/cm2, and coefficient of thermal expansion to be 0.0000116/1°C.

24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH TAPE. The sides of a triangle measure 1053.55, 1840.33, and 1325.05 m. Determine
the three angles in the triangle.

25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. In the accompanying sketch, it is required to determine the distance between points
A and B which spans a wide and deep river. Lines BD and CE, which measure 385.75 m and 529.05 m, respectively,
are established perpendicular to line ABC. If points D and E are lined up with A and the length of BC=210.38 m,
determine the required distance.