C.

Other exculpatory causes

1. Instigation

People v. Lua Chu, G.R. No. 34917, 7 September 1931,

56 Phil. 44

People v. Doria, G.R. No. 125299, 22 January 1999, 301

SCRA 668

2.Pardon (Art. 266-C and Art. 344)

3.Absolutory circumstances

a. Art. 6 (3)
b. Art. 20
c. Art. 247
d. Art. 280*
e. Art. 332

Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales v.

People, G.R. No. 181409, 11 February 2010.

D. Mitigating Circumstances

1.Classes of Mitigating Circumstances

a. Privileged

i. Art. 13 (2) and Art. 68

ii. Art. 13 (1) and Art. 69

People v. Jaurigue, G.R. No. 384, 21

February 1946, 76 Phil. 174

People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20

April 1983, 121 SCRA 389

People v. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, 20

September 2000

Guillermo v. People, G.R. No.

153287, 20 January 2009.

b. Ordinary

i. Lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong

People v. Ural, L-30901, 27 March 1974,

56 SCRA 138

People v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 139542,

21 June 2001, 359 SCRA 352

ii Sufficient provocation
 People v. Pagal, L-32040, 25 October
` 1977, 79 SCRA 570

Urbano v. People, G.R. No. 182750,

20 January 2009

iii Vindication of a wrong

People v. Benito, L-32042, 13

February 1975, 74 SCRA 271

Bacabac v. People, G.R. No. 149372,

September 2007

iv Passion or obfuscation

US v. Hicks, G.R. No. 4971, 23

September 1909, 14 Phil. 217

US v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 7094, 29

March 1912, 22 Phil. 429

People v. Gelaver, G.R. No. 95357, 9

June 1993, 223 SCRA 310

People v. Bello, L-18792, 28 February

1964.

v. Voluntary surrender or plea of guilt

People v. Amaguin, G.R. Nos. 54344-

45, 10 January 1994, 229 SCRA 166

People v. Dela Cruz, L-45284, 29

December 1936, 63 Phil. 874

vi. Deafness, muteness, blindness, or other physical defect

which restricts the offender’s means of action, defense,
or communication

vii. Illness as would diminish the exercise of will-power

without depriving the offender of consciousness
of his acts.

viii. Analogous circumstances

Canta v. People, G.R. No. 140937, 28

February 2001

E. Aggravating Circumstances

Art. 14 and 62 of the RPC.

People v. Legaspi, G.R. Nos. 136164-65, 20 April 2001

1. Classes of Aggravating Circumstance

 a. Generic
b. Qualifying
c. Specific
d. Inherent
e. Special

2. Taking advantage of public office

People v. Capalac, L-38297, 23 October 1982, 117 SCRA 874
People v. Gapasin, G.R. No. 73489, 25 April 1994, 231 SCRA 728

3. Insult to public authority

People v. Tiongson, L-35123-24, 25 July 1984, 130 SCRA 614
People v. Magdueño, L-68699, 22 September 1986, 144 SCRA 210
People v. Tac-an, G.R. Nos. 76338-89, 26 February 1990.

4. Disregard of rank, age, or sex, and dwelling;

People v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, 21 January 1974.
People v. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, 14 Dec. 2000, 348 SCRA
143
People v. Daniel, G.R. No. L-40330, 20 November 1978
People v. Apduhan, L-19491, 30 August 1968

5. Abuse of confidence or obvious ungratefulness

People v. Mandolado, L-51304-05, 28 June 1983, 123 SCRA 133

6. The crime is committed in the palace of Chief Executive, in his

presence, where public authorities are engaged in the discharge of their
duties, or place dedicated to religious worship;

7. Nighttime, uninhabited place, or by a band;

People v. Garcia, L-30449, 31 October 1979, 94 SCRA 14
People v. Rodas, G.R. No. 175881, 28 August 2007
People v. Damaso, L-30116, 20 November 1978, 86 SCRA 370
(uninhabited)

8. Crime committed on the occasion of conflagration, shipwreck,

earthquake, epidemic, or other calamity or misfortune;

9. Aid of armed men or persons who afford impunity;

10. Recidivism
People v. Baldera, L-2390, 24 April 1950, 86 Phil. 189

11. Reiteracion

12. Habitual delinquency (Art. 62, par. 5);

People v. Melendrez, G.R. No. 39913, 19 December 1933, 59 Phil.
154
13. Quasi- recidivism (Art. 160)

14. Price, reward, or promise;

15. Inundation, fire, poison, etc.

16. Evident premeditation;

US v. Manalinde, G.R. No. 5292, 28 August 1909, 14 Phil. 77
 People v. Ilaoa, G.R. No. 94308, 16 June 1994, 233 SCRA 231
People v. Bibat, G.R. No. 124319, 13 May 1998, 290 SCRA 27

17. Craft, fraud, or disguise

People v. Empacis, G.R. No. 95756, 14 May 1993, 222 SCRA 59

18. Taking advantage of superior strength, or means employed to weaken

the defense
People v. Bigcas, G.R. No. 94534, 2 July 1992, 211 SCRA 631

19. Treachery
People v. Sangalang, L-32914, 30 August 1974, 58 SCRA 737
People v. San Pedro, L-44274, 22 January 1980, 95 SCRA 306
People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, 20 April 1998, 289 SCRA 213
People v. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, 14 Dec. 2000, 348 SCRA
143
People v. Escote, G.R. No. 140756, 4 April 2003, 400 SCRA 603
People v. Villonez, G.R. Nos. 122976-77, 16 Nov. 1998, 359 Phil.
95, 1998
People v. Guzman, G.R. No. 169246, 26 January 2007

20. Ignominy
People v. Torriefel CA-GR. No. 659-R, 29 Nov. 1947, 45 OG 803
People v. Jose, L-28232, 6 February 1971, 37 SCRA 450
People v. Butler, L-50276, 27 January 1983, 120 SCRA 281
People v. Saylan, L-36941, 29 June 1984, 130 SCRA 159
People v. Sultan, G.R. No. 132470, 27 April 2000, 331 SCRA 216

21. Unlawful entry;

22. Breaking of wall, roof, floor, door, or window;

23. Aid of persons under fifteen years old, use of motor vehicles, airships,
or other similar means

24. Cruelty

25. Organized or syndicated crime group

26. Use of illegal firearms or explosives

– see RA 10591
People v. Ladjaalam, G.R. Nos. 136149-51, 19 September 2000
Celino v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 170562, 29 June 2007

27. Use of dangerous drugs while committing a felony

– Sec. 25 of RA 9165 28. Use of information and communications
technologies in committing a felony
– Sec. 6, RA 10175