The procedure we have followed is known as dimensional regularization:

evaluate the integral for (for which it is convergent); analytically

continue the result to arbitrary d; fix A and B by imposing our conditions;
take the limit .

We also could have used Pauli-Villars regularization:

replace

makes the integral convergent for

evaluate the integral as a function of ; fix A and B by imposing our
conditions; take the limit .

Would we get the same result?

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We could have also calculated without explicitly calculating A and B:

differentiate twice with respect to :

this integral is finite for

evaluate the integral; calculate by integrating it with respect to
and imposing our conditions.
Would we get the same result?
What happened with the divergence of the original integral?

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To understand this better let’s make a Taylor expansion of
about :

divergent for
divergent for

divergent for

but we have only two parameters that can be fixed to get finite .
Thus the whole procedure is well defined only for !
And it does not matter which regularization scheme we use!
For the procedure breaks down, the theory is non-renormalizable!
It turns out that the theory is renormalizable only for .
(due to higher order corrections; we will discuss it later)
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 Loop corrections to the vertex
based on S-16
Let’s consider loop corrections to the vertex:

Exact three-point vertex function: defined as the sum of 1PI diagrams with
three external lines carrying incoming momenta so that .
(this definition allows to have either sign)

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We will follow the same procedure as for the propagator.
Feynman’s formula:

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Wick rotation:

(is divergent for and finite for )

for :

for with the replacement we have:

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take the limit :

let’s define and ; we get:

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 we can choose

just a number, does not depend on or

finite and independent of

What condition should we impose to fix the value of ?

Any condition is good!
Different conditions correspond to different definitions of the coupling.
E.g. we can set that corresponds to:

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The integral over Feynman parameters cannot be done in closed form, but
it is easy to see that the magnitude of the one-loop correction to the
vertex function increases logarithmically with when .

E.g. for :

the same behavior that we found for (we will discuss it later)

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