REVIEWER

Suggestions from Rosenblatt to develop the metacognitive awareness of the students.

1. Set students a reading challenge.

2. Create a reading wall.
3.Take advantage of short stories.
4.Reading aloud
5. Build different purposes involved in each type of activity.

Suggestions that can be use for children

1. Choice of text
2. Contexts for generating writing and reading
3.Questions teachers ask
4.Activities teachers structure

Epic a long narrative poem that traces the adventures of hero.

Dramatic poetry poetry in which one or more characters speak to other characters,themselves or
the reader

Meter- It is a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that gives a line of poetry a
predictable rhythm.

Rhythm is the pattern of beats created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables,
particularly in poetry.

There are four metrical systems in English poetry: the accentual, the accentual-syllabic, the
syllabic, and the quantitative. Of these, the second accounts for more poems in the English
language.

Caesura- Sometimes a natural pause occurs in the middle of a line rather than at a line-break

The four most common metrical feet in poetry are:

1. Iambic (the noun is "iamb")

= (UNSTRESSED + STRESSED)
EXAMPLE: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times

2. Trochaic (the noun is "troche"):

= ( STRESSED + UNSTRESSED)
EXAMPLE: London bridge is falling down

3. Anapestic (the noun is "anapest)

= (2 UNSTRESSED + STRESSED)
 EXAMPLE: The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold

The last three letters of the word "Assyrian should be heard as one syllable a form of
contraction known as elision.

4. Dactylic (the noun is "dactyl"):

- ( 3 syllables only)
= ( 2 STRESSED + UNSTRESSED)
EXAMPLE: Women much missed, how you call to me, call to me

5. Spondaic (the noun is "spondee")

= 2 STRESSED SYLLABLES
EXAMPLE: Listen you hear the grating roar
of pebbles which the waves drawback, and fling

What is Stance?

- Reflects the reader’s purpose.

According to Louis Rosenblatt (1982) in her transactional theory of reading suggest
that a reader can approach a piece of writing with two different motivations.

LOUIS ROSENBLATT (1904-2004)

- Was an American university professor. She is best known as a researcher into the
teaching of Literature.
TRANSACTIONAL READING THEORY
- The interaction or transaction between the reader and text.
- Posits that readers can assume an efferent or an aesthetic stance while reading.

EFFERENT STANCE
- The readers are about to understand the message, or simply by getting the gist from the
text.
- Latin for EFFER “to carry away” stance, which involves a more literal reading with
the goal of extracting information.
AESTHETIC STANCE
- is a more emotional reading, with a focus on the journey a reader takes during the act of
reading.
- Reader draws from past experiences and feels emotions when reading.

EFFERENT and AESTHETIC are the conception of CONTINUUM stances.

Why they are called CONTINUUM?

Because, Rosenblatt suggest “that we should not look at these two types of
reading as being in opposition to one another but, rather , as belonging to a continuum.”
EXPANDING OF CONTINUUM
- Harding (1937), for example—her work is essential to any discussion of stance, and has
provided a foundation for further explorations of the concept. In fact, Rosenblatt’s concept of an
efferent–aesthetic continuum has been revisited and reconsidered numerous times, including by
literacy scholars who have suggested that the continuum be modified
or expanded.
- Alexander (1997) has noted the need for a reconsideration of the motivational aspects of an
efferent stance,
- Lewis (2000) has suggested an expanded view of aesthetic reading.