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) Isang katotohanang higit pa sa kasiguraduhan na nakamit ng cogito ang ganap na
pagaapirma sa katawan bilang ang pangunahing batayan ng paguunawang pilosopikal.
In Modern Times, the focus was all about individualism and how to express one’s self
through different ways, such as the Arts.
The Renaissance and Age of Enlightment is located in this time period.
Here they, ask, “are you certain?”
The people of this age found the true potential of Science its precision.
Emphasis on conclusive evidence and facts to prove things.
It is now in the individual as to how he sees things, against how back then, things were
just presented to us, the way they were.
Now, the truth has been separated the truth of the knower and the truth of the known.
Rene Descartes was a prime philosopher in this era, who wanted to get rid of the old
Philosophy.
He doubted everything in order to check their “sturdiness,” and kept doubting until he
finds something that cannot ever be doubted, which he shall base the new kind of
Philosophy on.
What cannot ever be doubted is that there is the me that is doubting; that is thinking.
“Cogito sum ,” stems from this, which means that what is the mind is myself
immediate awareness unlike the popular version of the term.
What this is is that yourself does not care after thinking. Instead, yourself is simultaneous
with your thinking = res cogitans .
Human being = something that thinks.
Everything outside of my person, including my body , should be doubted everything
outside the cogito res extensa
= .
This means that the body can only be measured by empirical values ( haba’t sukat
lamang ).
These things can have value as long as you look at them through the lens of the things
you only know, including the body = a tree is a tree because a person says it’s a tree and
gave it meaning .
An object has meaning and a place in our world because it has a relationship with human
beings = whatever and object is, is because of human beings and what they say about it.
Looking at this, can a tree be a tree, if there’s no person to say that it is?
Nakikilala ang ganap na pagiral lampas sa pagdanas lamang sa katawan bilang bagay na
naoobheto. Kumakawala sa ganitong karanasan ang “aking katawan.”
Descartes made everything around him objective.
This is comprehension =
primary reflection .
When you “hold” something or comprehend something, you can do anything you want
with it = held with empirical facts/surface facts = detached.
I am part of the world because of my embodied spirit experiencing the world through
my senses.
Nothing separates me from my body.
But my body separates/distinguishes me from the world.
This indicates that the world is not just open to me, but I to it, as well my actions affect
the world, through my body = being in the world or when you’ve become part of the
world that already has meaning.
Katawan Bilang Namamagitan
“ ” = this is a way for you to socialize to bridge yourself
to other people.
Your body could be helpful through good experiences.
Your body could be a hindrance if it stops you from doing the things you want to do, for
example, you can’t be in two places at once.
Your body and actions are what you show to other people.
Your body and actions are the physical expressions of your emotions/feelings.
2.) Para kay Marcel, ang kabuoan ng tao ay isang sumasakatawangdiwa.
I am part of the world because of my embodied spirit experiencing the world through
my senses.
Nothing separates me from my body.
But my body separates/distinguishes me from the world.
This indicates that the world is not just open to me, but I to it, as well my actions affect
the world, through my body = being in the world or when you’ve become part of the
world that already has meaning.
Hindi maiuwwi ang katawan sa hangganan ng pagaari at kagamitan.
Mauunawaan natin ang katawan bilang ang tagapamagitan sa akin at sa aking daigdig at
kapwa.
“Katawan Bilang Namamagitan ” = this is a way for you to socialize to bridge yourself
to other people.
Your body could be helpful through good experiences.
Your body could be a hindrance if it stops you from doing the things you want to do, for
example, you can’t be in two places at once.
Your body and actions are what you show to other people.
Your body and actions are the physical expressions of your emotions/feelings.
3.) Ang pagsasakasaysayan ay ang malayang kilos ng pakikiisa at pakikibahagi ng tao sa
pagpapatupad ng kanilang pagiging tao sa daigdig.
Man himself does these historical events
You yourself are able to do historical events.
Only Man has history.
It is about Man’s history.
It is for Man’s history.
Man himself is a historical event because he’s the only one who can have history he
has a story and he has autonomy .
Autonomy = has control/authority over his situations; a sense of freedom.
Autonomy separates Man from animals, plants, mountains, etc. because unlike Man, they
have predictable actions.
The reason we have history is because we have the choice to control our actions in
situations.
Man = historymakingexistence his existence makes him do history, even if he doesn’t
know it.
The things that Man does are just in fulfillment of his humanness (ka saysayan =
meaning)
There are times when your actions are “conforming” or
pagkakaisa to the collective
“humanness” of a particular time.
Sabay produkto ang tao ng pagsasakasaysayan at ang punto ng orihinalidad ng mga
makasaysayang pangyayari sa daigdig. Ang pagmamalay sa pagsasakasaysayan ay
mapgmamalay sa mundo bilang mundo ng tao.
*check notes 02/10/16*
We come into historical events as products of history and context.
The actions you do original actions of yours becomes part of the word.
They become a contribution to the history of Man you leave your mark in the world.
When we malay the world, we malay the history of the people of the world.
4.) Ang pagsasakasaysayan ay nagaganap dahil sa pagtatalaban sa isa’t isa ang mga
elemento ng pagsasakatawangdiwa, pakikipagkapwatao, at ng walang hanggang
pagdaloy ng panahon.
Embodied spirit = a person needs a body to express his purpose.
With this, you are able to become part of the world.
This emphasizes the person as a task.
I have a duty to show the world through my actions and who Iam.
The moment I start fulfilling my task, I begin to “humanize better” = giving meaning to
my world.
Exteriorizing oneself.
Kasama ang Iba = it’s all about receiving/listening and giving/speaking.
Emphasis on interactions and relationships.
Everything in my life was just given to me = a product of our fellow people’s actions.
What I say may affect other people.
Time = the only “place” where I can fulfill my task.
Because there is time, I can accomplish my tasks.
Life is the lifestream of presence .
Tomorrow can only happen once you objectify and plan your time.
It’s all about the now = whatever you faced, whatever you missed, shall make up your
history because you yourself are in time.
Dahil sa mga elementong ito namumulat ang taong sumasakasaysayan na may kailangan
siyang gawin at may tungkulin siya bilang tao.
The things that Man does are just in fulfillment of his humanness (ka saysayan =
meaning).
I am not just a bearer of history, but an actual member of history itself.
As a person there are certain themes that surround me.
Given product = there are things that cannot be changed or chosen, such as my physical
appearance or the things before I was born.
I experience myself as a “task” or a “responsibility.”
Gift of nature = man is a “creative agent.” One who has the capacity to create many
works.
Product of nature, society = things such as my citizenship cannot be helped, at least
initially.
Man as a conscious individual = not just a part of society, but can transcend the
limitations of my society.
For example, I can enjoy Japanese food even if I’m Pinoy.
Past = this the product of “given’s choices.”
My “ideal goal” is my future, which I try to attain.
Limitation = Man as a possibility.
My humanity can be a starting point to the many possibilities of myself.
I am a point of origin for future paths.
5.) Produkto at sanhi ng makasaysayang pangyayari ang tao.
Kinikilala ng tao na may iba’t ibang “crosspoints” na tumatalab sa pgbubuo niya ng
kanyang identidad sa panahon. Kabilang sa mga “crosspoints” na ito ang mga natural na
pangyayari, interpersonal, panlipunan at kultural, pagiging nasa kasaysayan, at ang
pagkilala sa mga ideyal na tao.