Iran’s Geometry Problems

Problems and Solutions from Contests

2014-2015
This booklet is prepared by Hirad Aalipanah, Iman Maghsoudi.
With special thanks to Morteza Saghafian, Mahdi Etesami Fard,
Davood Vakili, Erfan Salavati.
Copyright Young
c Scholars Club 2014-2015. All rights reserved.
Ministry of education, Islamic Republic of Iran.
www.ysc.ac.ir - www.igo-official.ir
 The first Iranian Geometry Olympiad was held simultaneously in Tehran and Is-
fahan on September 4th, 2014 with over 300 participants. This competition had two
levels, junior and senior which each level had 5 problems. The contestants solved
problems in 4 hours and 30 minutes.
In the end, the highest ranked participants in each level awarded with gold ruler,
silver ruler or bronze ruler respectively.
This booklet have the problems of this competition plus other geometry problems
used in other Iranian mathematical competition since summer of 2014 till spring of
2015.
This year the second Iranian Geometry Olympiad will be held in Tehran on Septem-
ber 3th, 2015. We tend to provide online presence for those who are interested from
other countries. Those who wish to participate can contact Mr. Salavati for more
information at erfan.salavati@gmail.com

Iranian Geometry Olympiads website: www.igo-official.ir

Problems
Problems 4

1.(Geometry Olympiad(Junior and Senior level)) In a right triangle ABC

we have ∠A = 90◦ , ∠C = 30◦ . Denot by C the circle passing through A which is
tangent to BC at the midpoint.Assume that C intersects AC and the circumcircle of
ABC at N and M respectively. Prove that M N ⊥BC.

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

2.(Geometry Olympiad(Junior Level)) The inscribed circle of 4ABC touches

BC, AC and AB at D, E and F respectively. Denote the perpendicular foots from
F , E to BC by K, L respectively. Let the second intersection of these perpendiculars
S
with the incircle be M , N respectively. Show that S4BM D
4CN D
= DK
DL

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

3.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) Each of Mahdi and Morteza has

drawn an inscribed 93-gon. Denote the first one by A1 A2 ...A93 and the second by
B1 B2 ...B93 . It is known that Ai Ai+1 k Bi Bi+1 for 1 6 i 6 93 (A93 = A1 , B93 = B1 ).
Ai Ai+1
Show that B i Bi+1
is a constant number independent of i.

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian

4.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) In a triangle ABC we have ∠C =

∠A + 90◦ . The point D on the continuation of BC is given such that AC = AD. A
point E in the side of BC in which A doesnt lie is chosen such that
1
∠EBC = ∠A, ∠EDC = ∠A
2
Prove that ∠CED = ∠ABC.

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian

5.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) Two points X, Y lie on the arc BC of

the circumcircle of 4ABC (this arc does not contain A) such that ∠BAX = ∠CAY .
Let M denotes the midpoint of the chord AX . Show that BM + CM > AY

Proposed by Mahan Tajrobekar

Problems 5

6.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) In a quadrilateral ABCD we have

∠B = ∠D = 60◦ . Consider the line whice is drawn from M , the midpoint of AD,
parallel to CD. Assume this line intersects BC at P . A point X lies on CD such
that BX = CX. Prove that AB = BP ⇔ ∠M XB = 60◦

Proposed by Davood Vakili

7.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) An acute-angled triangle ABC is given.

The circle with diameter BC intersects AB, AC at E, F respectively. Let M be the
midpoint of BC and P the intersection point of AM and EF . X is a point on the arc
EF and Y the second intersection point of XP with circle mentioned above. Show
that ∠XAY = ∠XY M .

Proposed by Ali Zooelm

8.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) The tangent line to circumcircle of the

acute-angled triangle ABC (AC > AB) at A intersects the continuation of BC at P .
We denote by O the circumcenter of ABC. X is a point OP such that ∠AXP = 90◦ .
Two points E, F respectively on AB, AC at the same side of OP are chosen such
that
∠EXP = ∠ACX, ∠F XO = ∠ABX
If K, L denote the intersection points of EF with the circumcircle of 4ABC, show
that OP is tangent to the circumcircle of 4KLX.

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

9.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) Two points P , Q lie on the side BC

of triangle ABC and have the same distance to the midpoint. The pependiculars
fromP , Q tp BC intesects AC, AB at E, F respectively. LEt M be the intersection
point of P F and EQ. If H1 and H2 denote the orthocenter of 4BF P and 4CEQ
recpectively, show that AM ⊥ H1 H2 .

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

10.(IGO Short list)Suppose that I is incenter of 4ABC and CI inresects AB

at D.In circumcircle of 4ABC, T is midpoint of arc BAC and BI intersect this circle
at M . If M D intersects AT at N , prove that: BM k CN .

Proposed by Ali Zooelm

Solutions
Solutions 11

1.(Geometry Olympiad(Junior and Senior Level)) In a right triangle ABC

we have ∠A = 90◦ , ∠C = 30◦ . Denot by C the circle passing through A which is
tangent to BC at the midpoint.Assume that C intersects AC and the circumcircle of
ABC at N and M respectively. Prove that M N ⊥BC.

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
Let K midpoint of side BC. Therefore:

AK = KC ⇒ ∠KAC = ∠N KC = 30◦

∠AN K = ∠N KC + ∠ACB = 60◦

A, K, N, M lie on circle (C). Therefore:

∠KAN = ∠KM N = 30◦ , ∠AM K = 60◦

We know that K is the circumcenter of 4ABC. So we can say KM = KC = AK.

Therefore 4AKM is equilateral.( because of ∠AM K = 60◦ ). So ∠AKM = 60◦ . We
know that ∠AKB = 60◦ , so we have ∠M KC = 60◦ . On the other hand:

∠KM N = 30◦ ⇒ M N ⊥BC

Solutions 12

2.(Geometry Olympiad(Junior Level)) The inscribed circle of 4ABC touches

BC, AC and AB at D, E and F respectively. Denote the perpendicular foots from
F , E to BC by K, L respectively. Let the second intersection of these perpendiculars
S
with the incircle be M , N respectively. Show that S4BM D
4CN D
= DK
DL

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
Let I be the incenter of 4ABC. We know that
)
∠BF K = 90◦ − ∠B 1
◦ 1 ⇒ ∠DF M = ∠B
∠BF D = 90 − 2 ∠B 2
But ∠DF M = ∠M DK. Therefore
1
∠M DK = ∠B
2
MK r
Hense 4M DK and 4BID are similar (same angles) and DK
= BD
. In the same
way we have N
DL
L r
= CD . Therefore

M K · BD N L · CD area of 4BM D M K · BD DK
r= = ⇒ = =
DK DL area of 4CN D N L · CD DL
Solutions 13

3.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) Each of Mahdi and Morteza has

drawn an inscribed 93-gon. Denote the first one by A1 A2 ...A93 and the second by
B1 B2 ...B93 . It is known that Ai Ai+1 k Bi Bi+1 for 1 6 i 6 93 (A93 = A1 , B93 = B1 ).
Ai Ai+1
Show that B i Bi+1
is a constant number independent of i.

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
We draw a 93-gon similar with the second 93-gon in the circumcircle of the first
93-gon (so the sides of the second 93-gon would be multiplying by a constant number
c). Now we have two 93-gons witch are inscribed in the same circle and apply the
problem’s conditions. We name this 93-gons A1 A2 ...A93 and C1 C2 ...C93 .
_ _
We know that A1 A2 k C1 C2 . Therefore A1 C1 =A2 C2 but they lie on the opposite
_ _
side of each other. In fact, Ai Ci =Ai+1 Ci+1 and they lie on the opposite side of each
_ _ _ _
other for all 1 6 i 6 93 (A94 C94 =A1 C1 ). Therefore A1 C1 and A1 C1 lie on the opposite
_ ◦ ◦
side of each other. So A1 C1 = 0 or 180 . This means that the 93-gons are coincident
or reflections of each other across the center. So Ai Ai+1 = Ci Ci+1 for 1 6 i 6 93.
Ai Ai+1
Therefore, B i Bi+1
= c.
Solutions 14

4.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) In a triangle ABC we have ∠C =

∠A + 90◦ . The point D on the continuation of BC is given such that AC = AD. A
point E in the side of BC in which A doesnt lie is chosen such that
1
∠EBC = ∠A, ∠EDC = ∠A
2
Prove that ∠CED = ∠ABC.

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
Suppose M is the midpoint of CD. Hense AM is the perpendicular bisector of
CD. AM intersects DE and BE at P, Q respectively. Therefore, P C = P D. We
have
∠EBA + ∠CAB = ∠A + ∠B + ∠A = 180◦ − ∠C + ∠A = 90◦
Hense AC ⊥ BE. Thus in 4ABQ, BC, AC are altitudes. This means C is the
orthocenter of this triangle and
1 1
∠CQE = ∠CQB = ∠A = ∠A + ∠A = ∠P DC + ∠P CD = ∠CP E
2 2
Hense CP QE is cyclic. Therefore

∠CED = ∠CEP = ∠CQP = ∠CQA = ∠CBA = ∠B.

Solutions 15

5.(Geometry Olympiad (Junior Level)) Two points X, Y lie on the arc BC of

the circumcircle of 4ABC (this arc does not contain A) such that ∠BAX = ∠CAY .
Let M denotes the midpoint of the chord AX . Show that

BM + CM > AY

Proposed by Mahan Tajrobekar

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
O is the circumcenter of 4ABC, so OM ⊥ AX. We draw a perpendicular line
from B to OM . This line intersects with the circumcircle at Z. Since OM ⊥ BZ,
OM is the perpendicular bisector of BZ. This means M Z = M B. By using triangle
inequality we have
BM + M C = ZM + M C > CZ
But BZ k AX, thus
_ _ _ _ _
AZ = BX = CY ⇒ ZAC = Y CA ⇒ CZ = AY

Hense BM + CM > AY.

Solutions 16

6.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) In a quadrilateral ABCD we have

∠B = ∠D = 60◦ . Consider the line whice is drawn from M , the midpoint of AD,
parallel to CD. Assume this line intersects BC at P . A point X lies on CD such
that BX = CX. Prove that:

AB = BP ⇔ ∠M XB = 60◦

Proposed by Davood Vakili

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
Suppose X 0 is a point such that 4M BX 0 is equilateral.(X 0 and X lie on the same
side of M B) It’s enough to show that:

AB = BP ⇔ X 0 ≡ X

We want to prove that if AB = BP then ∠M XB = 60◦ .

AB = BP therefore 4ABP is equilateral. We know that ∠ABP = ∠M BX 0 = 60◦ ,
Therefore ∠ABM = ∠P BX 0 . On the other hand AB = BP, BM = BX 0 therefore
4BAM and 4BP X 0 are equal.

∠X 0 P M = 360◦ − ∠M P B − ∠BP X 0 = 360◦ − ∠DCB − ∠BAM 0 = 120◦

Solutions 17

M P k DC, so we can say ∠P M D = 120◦ . If we draw the line passing through

X 0 such that be parallel with CD and this line intersects AD in D0 , then quadri-
lateral M P X 0 D0 is isosceles trapezoid. Therefore P X 0 = M D0 . In the other hand
P X 0 = AM = M D ( becauese 4BAM and 4BP X 0 are equal.) According to the
statements we can say M D0 = M D. In other words, D0 ≡ D and X 0 lie on CD.
Therefore both of X and X 0 lie on intersection of DC and perpendicular bisector of
M B, so X 0 ≡ X.

Now we prove if ∠M XB = 60◦ then AB = BP .

Let P 0 such that 4M P 0 X be equilateral.(P 0 and X be on the same side of AB) It’s
enough to show that P 0 ≡ P .

Draw the line passing through P 0 such that be parallel with CD. Suppose that this
line intersects AD in M 0 .

∠XP 0 M 0 = 360◦ − ∠M 0 P 0 B − ∠BP 0 X = 360◦ − ∠DCA − ∠BAM = 120◦

Also ∠P 0 M 0 D = 120◦ . Therefore quadrilateral XP 0 M 0 D is isosceles trapezoid and

DM 0 = P 0 X = AM = DM . So we can say M 0 ≡ M ⇒ P 0 ≡ P .
Solutions 18

7.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) An acute-angled triangle ABC is given.

The circle with diameter BC intersects AB, AC at E, F respectively. Let M be the
midpoint of BC and P the intersection point of AM and EF . X is a point on the arc
EF and Y the second intersection point of XP with circle mentioned above. Show
that ∠XAY = ∠XY M .

Proposed by Ali Zooelm

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.
Suppose point K is intersection AM and circumcircle of 4AEF . M F tangent to
circumcircle of 4AEF at F .
( because of ∠M F C = ∠M CF = ∠AEF ). Therefore M F 2 = M K.M A . In the
other hand, M Y = M F so M Y 2 = M K.M A. It means

∠M Y K = ∠Y AM (1)

Also AP.P K = P E.P F = P X.P Y therefore AXKY is(...??) .Therefore

∠XAY = ∠XY K (2)

According to equation 1 and 2 we can say ∠XAY = ∠XY M .

Solutions 19

8.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) The tangent line to circumcircle of the

acute-angled triangle ABC (AC > AB) at A intersects the continuation of BC at P .
We denote by O the circumcenter of ABC. X is a point OP such that ∠AXP = 90◦ .
Two points E, F respectively on AB, AC at the same side of OP are chosen such
that
∠EXP = ∠ACX, ∠F XO = ∠ABX
If K, L denote the intersection points of EF with the circumcircle of 4ABC, show
that OP is tangent to the circumcircle of 4KLX.

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.

Let M and N on continuation of XF and XE such that M, L, X, N, K lie on

same circle. We have to prove ∠AM X = ∠ACX. In other hand, ∠ACX = ∠N XP
so we have to prove ∠ACX = ∠N M X.

We know that XF.F M = F L.F K = AF.F C. Therefore AM CX is cyclic and

∠AM X = ∠ACX. similarly we can say AN BX is cyclic. Now it’s enough to show
that ∠AM X = ∠N M X. In other words, we have to show that A, N , M lie on same
line. we know that AN BX is cyclic therefore:

∠N AM = ∠N AE + ∠A + ∠F AM = ∠EXB + ∠A + ∠CXF

= ∠A + 180◦ − ∠BXC + ∠ABX + ∠ACX

= ∠A + 180◦ − ∠BXC + ∠BXC − ∠A = 180◦

Solutions 20

9.(Geometry Olympiad(Senior level)) Two points P , Q lie on the side BC

of triangle ABC and have the same distance to the midpoint. The pependiculars
fromP , Q tp BC intesects AC, AB at E, F respectively. LEt M be the intersection
point of P F and EQ. If H1 and H2 denote the orthocenter of 4BF P and 4CEQ
recpectively, show that AM ⊥ H1 H2 .

Proposed by Mahdi Etesami Fard

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
solution.

First we show that if we move P and Q, the line AM doesn’t move. To show that
sin ∠A1
we calculate sin ∠A2
. By the law of sines in 4AF M and 4AEM we have

sin ∠A1 sin ∠F1 F M

= · (3)
sin ∠A2 sin ∠E1 EM

also, for 4F BP and 4CEQ we have

BP
)
sin ∠F1 = PF
· sin ∠B sin ∠F1 sin ∠B EQ
CQ ⇒ = · (4)
sin ∠E1 = EQ
· sin ∠C sin ∠E1 sin ∠C F P

from (3) and (4) we have

sin ∠A1 sin ∠B EQ F M

= · · (5)
sin ∠A2 sin ∠C F P EM

4F M Q and 4EM P are similar, thus

FM FQ EQ F Q + EP
= , =
FP F Q + EP EM EP
with putting this into (5) we have
Solutions 21

sin ∠A1 sin ∠B F Q

= · (6)
sin ∠A2 sin ∠C EP

on the other hand

FQ

tan ∠B = BQ 
 FQ tan ∠B
tan ∠C = EP ⇒ =
CP  EP tan ∠C
BQ = CP


if we put this in (6) we have

sin ∠A1 sin ∠B tan ∠B
= ·
sin ∠A2 sin ∠C tan ∠C
wich is constant.
now we show that H1 H2 s are parallel. consider α the angle between H1 H2 and
BC. Hense we have

H2 P − H1 Q
tan α = (7)
QP

H1 and H2 are the orthometers of 4BF P and 4CQE respectively. Thus we have
BQ · QP
QF · H1 Q = BQ · QP ⇒ H1 Q =
FQ
CP · P Q
EP · H2 P = CP · P Q ⇒ H2 P =
EP
but CP = BQ. Thus
P Q · BQ · (F Q − EP )
H2 P − H1 Q =
EP · F Q
by putting this in (7) :
BQ · (F Q − EP ) BQ BQ CP BQ
tan α = = − = −
EP · F Q EP FQ EP FQ

⇒ tan α = cot ∠B − cot ∠C (8)

Solutions 22

hense tan α is constant, thus H1 H2 s are parallel.

Soppuse θ is the angle between AM and BC. we have to show

tan α · tan θ = 1

let AM intersects with BC at X. We have

BX sin ∠A1 sin ∠C BX tan ∠B
= · ⇒ =
CX sin ∠A2 sin ∠B CX tan ∠C
let D be the foot of the altitude drawn from A. We have
AD
BX tan ∠B BD CD
= = AD
= ⇒ BD = CX
CX tan ∠C CD
BD

AD AD AD 1 1
tan θ = = = = CD BD
=
DX CD − CX CD − BD AD
− AD
cot ∠B − cot ∠C
this equality and (8) implies that AM ⊥ H1 H2 .