Extensive Reading A - Word List

WORD PARTS DEFINITION SAMPLE SENTENCE

Unit 1
the representation of a subject, not
The author’s statement about knights and
allegorical adj directly stated, through another similar
chivalry was allegorical to Arthurian legend.
subject to it
The old man felt whimsical as he swayed back
whimsical adj quaintly humorous, odd
and forth on the children’s swing.
a man subject to uncontrollable amorous The hopeless romantic satyr thought about the
satyr n
passion woman all day long.
The sword exemplifies the meaning of duty and
exemplifies v explain or illustrate by an example
honor in the medieval ages.
Old fables dealt with morality and the correct
morality n quality of being virtuous
behavior for life.
a system or body of myths concerning a Ancient stories usually contain many mystical
mystical adj
particular person or race ideas about dragons and gods.
The depressed man was on the brink of suicide
brink n on the verge
after surviving the car accident.
able to cause action, belief, or feeling (syn.
The novel was so compelling that I decided to
compelling adj well supported, forceful, persuasive / ant.
find more books by the same author.
weak, unsupported, uninspiring)
The cave is inhabited by bats. They come out in
inhabit v to live in (syn. reside in)
the evenings and eat all the bugs.
George Washington is lauded as the Father of
laud v praise highly
the United States.
Shakespeare is considered to be one of the
playwright n a writer of plays; dramatist greatest playwrights in modern history, having
written numerous plays and poetry.
a dramatic composition, often in verse, Othello is a tragedy about the destructive
tragedy n
dealing with a serious or sombre theme nature of human distrust.
one of a class of supernatural beings,
generally conceived as having a diminutive
The fairy was so small it could not be seen,
fairy n human form and possessing magical
even when it was playing tricks on humans.
powers with which they intervene in
human affairs
haunt v to disturb or distress There is an old ghost that haunts that house.
broad comedy characterized by boisterous The Three Stooges were professional comedians
slapstick adj
action that specialized in slapstick comedy.
To strive for excellence is seen as a virtue in
virtue n moral excellence; goodness; righteousness
many cultures.
His only vice was gambling large sums of
vice n an immoral or evil habit or practice.
money on payday.
The great earthquake was a strong testament
testament n strong evidence for something
to the power of nature.
The chess master was a genius, always
genius n an exceptional natural capacity of intellect
thinking ahead of his opponent.
the contemplation or consideration of Through speculation we are able to come up
speculation n
some subject with a hypothesis.
Unit 2

The story about the man that was trying to

humor that takes its effect from stating
irony n compliment his boss but somehow kept
the opposite of what is meant
insulting him was full of irony.
Young people who are exposed to the negativity
cynical adj incredulous of the goodness of people of the world usually become very cynical
towards others.
The theme of the shoe advertisement is to
theme n the topic discussed show how buying new shoes will help one run
faster.
Working on tough projects usually takes
considerable adj notable; important
considerable amounts of time.
Many romantic writers write poetic literature
poetic adj befitting or pertaining to poetry
which shows their feelings.
romanticized v given to sentimental or amorous feelings I romanticized the idea of getting married.
Children tend to be more liberal than adults,
liberal adj not strict
for who likes to be bound by rules?
a figure of speech, based on some
Jane’s father used the metaphor of a rose to
metaphor n resemblance of a literal to an implied
compare his daughter to great beauty.
subject
scientist had a profound thought that helped
profound adj deep, thorough
him understand the equation.
The relationship between the defendant and the
tenuous adj slight , flimsy, weak
crime was tenuous at best.
evoking or attracting interest, desire, The short-cut dress is very appealing to many
appealing v
curiosity, sympathy men.
All this intellectual discussion of philosophy
intellectual adj appealing to or engaging the intellect
makes me feel curious to learn more.
having the form and musical quality of a
lyrical adj The song had wonderful lyrical value.
song
The maze was inextricably challenging for the
inextricably ad hopelessly intricate, involved, or perplexing
lab rat.
The clergyman consoled the members of the
clergyman n an ordained Christian minister
congregation with quotes from the bible.
the state or condition of being subject to
We are all subject to mortality for we eventually
mortality n death; mortal character, nature, or
come to a point in our life, when we must die.
existence
We have many issues and complaints with the
issues n a point, matter, or dispute
human resource department.
Many people who want to work with different
priesthood n the condition or office of a priest members of society choose to live a life of
priesthood.
an excessively favorable opinion of one's The egotistical man was full of conceit when it
conceit n
own ability came to his perceived abilities.
to be more important or significant by The main theme overshadows all the other
overshadow v
comparison lesser themes.
Unit 3

to take in; to retain (syn. ingest, soak up / The new paper towels I bought were easily able
absorb adj
ant. discharge, repel) to absorb the spilled water.
Paul is an avid tennis fan. He likes to play
with strong interest (syn. enthusiastic,
avid adj tennis,
eager / ant. indifferent)
watch tournaments, and read tennis magazines.
liking routine; afraid of change (syn. My grandfather is so conservative that he
conservative adj old-fashioned, traditional / ant. liberal, hasn't
avante garde) bought new clothes in twenty-five years.
The girl’s provocative dress caught the attention
provocative adj to arouse or stimulate
of many men in the club.
The performance of the sports player was poor
performance n the act of performing, executing
after he sprained his ankle.
The drunken man’s behavior was intolerably
bawdy adj lewd, indecent
bawdy.
After we started our project, we picked up good
momentum n the quantity of motion of a body
momentum on our way to completing it.
We had to apply for a patent for the new
patent n an official document granting a privilege invention so that no one else could steal our
idea.
The boy’s good manners gave him a sense of
propriety n the quality of being proper or appropriate
propriety.
I was frantic to find out if we were going to
frantic adj frenzied, wild with excitement
have a child.
The senator made a call to illegalize dangerous
illegalize v outlaw
drugs.
The dictator’s regime held the people of the
regime n a government with power
country virtually powerless.
We can find recent trends in music, clothing,
trends n current style
and food.
The merchant city burgeoned as shipments of
burgeoned v to grow or develop rapidly
valuable goods came in.
We need to get the demographics of the city to
demographics n a portion of a population
predict how much it will expand in several years.
The movie critics sensationalized the movie so
sensationalized v to make sensational that people would be encouraged to go watch
it.
The pattern of events or main story in a The general plot of the book describes how the
plots n
narrative or drama hero rescues the princess from danger.
When eating with distinguished guests, it is
prim adj particular
important to be prim about your attire.
At times, language can be the basis of racy
racy adj slightly improper or indelicate
comments between culture.,
notions n a general understanding We had the notion that you were taking charge.
Unit 4

My friend’s action was absurd when he reacted

absurd adj contrary to common sense
irrationally in public.
violent and without compassion (syn.
There was a brutal fight last night between two
brutal adj ferocious, vicious / ant. humane, civil,
angry men in the casino parking lot.
compassionate)
The simple idea of the wheel was seminal to
seminal adj being the inspiration for future developme
the development of the car.
pertaining to the native or common The vernacular language in South Korea is
vernacular adj
language of a place or group Korean.
inhabit v live or dwell in Cavemen were known to inhabit caves.
After completing the project successfully, Jeff
advancement n make progress, improve
was up for advancement in the company.
The practical use of a hammer is to use it to
practical adj inclined to action rather than theory put
a nail in the wall.
The king needs to practice subjugation if he is
subjugation n make subservient
to have servants take care of his castle.
Sustainable living and economic cooperation are
a basic, fundamental idea or belief (syn.
premise n the premises of our plan for an intentional
principle, tenet)
community.
Shakespeare used many satires in his plays to
satire n the use of irony in writing
ridicule human error.
degree n extent, measure, scope I was only angry with you to a degree.
Acceptance or belief based on reasonable To be a good judge, one must consider all
presumptions n
evidence presumptions in a court case.
offensive adj unpleasant or disagreeable to the sense Your profane language is very offensive to me.
My mom was a homebody when I was young.
a person who prefers pleasures and
homebody n She was always taking care of the chores in the
activities that center around the home
house.
The UN created a resolution to do away with
resolution n a resolve or determination
world-wide slavery.
Birds are said to be reptiles, but they are
disparate v distinct in kind; essentially different disparate from other reptiles since birds have
wings.
A person needs to have the proper mindset to
mindset n an attitude, disposition, or mood
play well in certain sports.
The founding fathers made the constitution that
transcended v to pass beyond the limits of
transcended all other governments of its time.
The character wasn’t aware of his enemies’
ironically adv contrary to plan or expectation behavior, while ironically, the listening audience
was.
remarkable adj notably or conspicuously unusual Life in itself is a remarkable miracle.
Unit 5

As soon as the driver saw the cars stop in front

abrupt adj changing or terminating suddenly
of him, he too came to an abrupt stop.
There were many rich aristocrats that lived
aristocrat n one who behaves like a nobleman
during the French renaissance.
engage v to bind to do something (syn. pledge) The opposing warriors engaged in battle.
My great-grandfather grew up on a farm and
siblings n a sister or brother had twelve siblings: nine brothers and three
sisters.
Frankenstein is said to be the first science
a long narrative portraying fictitious
novel n fiction novel about a mad scientist creating a
characters and events in a realistic manner
monster out of dead body parts.
The first publication of that book was made so
publication n the act or business of publishing
long ago.
If you pull on the string, you can feel the
tension n the state of being strained or tense
tension build up in the middle.
canon n any rule, law, or body of law Hammurabi’s Code is a canon of ancient law.
There are a lot of cultural differences between
cultural adj to develop or refine
nations.
After reading so much, I felt I was a literary
literary adj engaged in writing
scholar.
As teenagers going into a university, they are
careers n a profession or occupation
faced with the task of choosing their careers.
upbringing n the care and training of young children Poor children come from humble upbringings.
madwoman n a woman who is or behaves as if insane She was raving like a madwoman.
crippled v a lame or disabled person The car accident crippled the victim.
Please come to the manor and have dinner with
manor n the main house or mansion on an estate
us tonight.
The widow was forlorn with the passing away
forlorn v lonely and sad
of her husband.
estate n a piece of landed property We bought a nice estate outside the city.
tormented v Great physical pain or mental anguish The man was tormented with guilt.
The governess was in charge of the town when
governess n a woman who is a ruler or governor
the governor was away.
There was a multitude of people who showed
multitude n a great number
up for the event.
Unit 6

He was one many advocates of health care

a person who actively supports or favors
advocate n reform to make health care more affordable for
a cause (syn. exponent)
the poor.
Having tried all forms of standard medicine for
different than a standard (syn. another,
alternative adj my headaches, I decided to try some alternative
substitute / ant. standard)
medicine instead.
I don't like his approach to management. He
a method used to complete a task; a
approach n doesn't understand that we are working as a
manner of working or behaving
team.
The defender ran to pursue the receiver who
pursue v follow with intent to catch
had the ball.
The Asian culture strongly promotes the
aesthetic
aesthetic adj the philosophy of beauty or good taste
way of living life, which is to see the beauty of
duty and life in all things.
The manager was slow to espouse the
espouse v adopt or advocate as a cause
recommendations of the employees.
the doctrine that pleasure or happiness People who do things for the sake of personal
hedonistic adj
is the highest good desire are very hedonistic.
The lawyer scrutinized the criminal investigators
scrutinize v observe or investigate closely
role in the court case.
Two intelligent men battled it out with their wits
wit n cleverness, intelligence, sense
as they played chess.
The traitor was lucky – he was simply exiled
exile n expulsion from one’s country from
his country.
The President must be a socialite if he is to take
socialite n a socially prominent person
on a bigger role in international affairs.
of or pertaining to a college, academy, I received an academic scholarship for my good
academic adj
school, or other educational institution grades.
The villain dressed decadently to humiliate his
decadent adj corrupt, immoral, degenerate, debased
enemies.
A conception of something in its absolute It is good to have ideals so we can strive for
ideals n
perfection better.
denounced v to condemn or censure openly or publicly The law denounced thieves for their acts.
sexual desire or behavior directed toward Homosexuality and marriage rights is a topic
homosexuality n
a person or persons of one's own sex constantly debated in politics.
ugliness n very unattractive or unpleasant to look at The ugliness of the crime was evident to everyone.
gross v to earn as a total before deductions The company grossed a million dollars last year.
The indecency of the comment is what most
indecency n impropriety or immodesty
troubled Jane.
shambles n the result of destruction The bomb’s explosion left the house in shambles
Unit 7
exclusive adj reserved for certain people only The party was exclusive to those who were invited.
We need to raise funds to facilitate the start-up
to help or assist someone (syn. assist /
facilitate v of
ant. hinder)
the business.
Adolescence is a confusing time as you are
trying to
identity n the awareness of who you are
figure out your identity and your place in the
world.
very important; necessary (syn. vital,
integral adj The engine is an integral part of a car.
integral / ant. superfluous)
important; of consequence (syn. useful / There are two main factors that are relevant to t
relevant adj
ant. irrelevant) he geologist: pressure and time.
Greek and Roman mythology was created to
a body or system of myths concerning a
mythology n explain certain human flaws and supernatural
particular person or race
occurrences.
studio n a place for painting, broadcasting, etc.. The painter worked all night in his studio.
I was in deep contemplation when the
contemplation n view or reflect upon attention professor
asked a difficult philosophical question.
revere v regard with deepest respect and awe As a Christian, I deeply revere God.
When it comes to religion, one must be attuned
spirituality n pertain to the soul or spirit to
their own spirituality.
regaled v to entertain lavishly or agreeably The king regaled his guests at the party.
My childhood was full of wonderful memories
childhood n the state or period of being a child of
trips to the park.
folklore n the traditional beliefs, legends The story of Paul Bunyan is folklore.
a natural liking for or attraction to a
The parasite had an affinity to water as it
affinity n person,
flourished in it.
thing, idea
We all pooled our money together so we
pooled v To put into a fund for use by all
could buy her a new purse.
The revival of the church in the 1970s
revival n an awakening
continues strong today.
a person known to one, but usually not a I’m not really familiar with that person. He is
acquaintance n
close friend just an acquaintance.
title of respect accorded a person who is The Texas Senator came to our school to
senator n
or has been a member of the Senate discuss politics with us.
The government is supposed to maintain a
secular adj of or pertaining to worldly things
secular world view.
Many religions emphasize the immortal
characteristic of the human spirit.
spirit n the incorporeal part of humans
Unit 8

Many people admit their indiscretions when

indiscretion n error of judgment
they are found guilty.
Many historians believe the civil war was
inevitable adj unavoidable inevitable when the population of the United
States divided.
The witness was very insightful in the criminal
insightful adj penetrating discernment
investigation.
the act of revealing through supernatural Benjamin had a revelation when he discovered
revelation n
means. lightning was electricity.
following after in time (syn. succeeding, The first time he flew by himself he felt OK, but
subsequent adj
next / ant. previous, prior) on subsequent flights he felt more nervous.
I wonder who the architect was who built the
architect n one who designs buildings White
House.
There is usually a clear resemblance between
resemblance n similar in appearance
children and their parents.
Once a woman is impregnated the child
impregnate v make pregnant, fertilize develops in
the womb.
Mother Theresa was sympathetic towards the
sympathetic adj feeling compassion towards else
poor and helpless.
Fatalism is very dangerous to believe in because
the belief that all events are
fatalism n it says we are helpless to the natural order of
predetermined and hence inevitable
things.
the view of the world that takes account Science can take a form of naturalism when it
naturalism n
only of natural elements and forces observes nature in itself.
I could hear the child’s footsteps as he was
footsteps n imitate what someone else is doing
sneaking to the bathroom.
mason n a person who dresses stones or bricks The mason started loading the bricks at the house.
being within certain limits that define the
normalcy n Any hope for normalcy was gone after the protest.
range of normal functioning
Surrealists have a mind-expanding way of
an artist who is a member of the
surrealists n viewing
movement called surrealism
art.
prevalent adj widespread Food culture is prevalent in every population.
The American middle class is considered the
bourgeois n a member of the middle class
bourgeois.
a woman who has a
The man committed adultery with his mistress
mistress n continuing,extramarital sexual relationship
when his wife wasn’t around.
with one man
created, taken, or assumed for the sake of Many science fiction novels deal with fictitious
fictitious adj
concealment characters.
portions n A section or quantity within a larger thing Portions of the meat are still undercooked.
Unit 9
Will you accompany me to my car? I don't like
accompany v to go with; to be connected with (syn. join) to
a disagreement; a state of disharmony walk alone at night.
The various conflicts around the world must be
conflict n (syn.
resolved through peaceful measures.
argument, clash / ant. agreement, amity)
in opposite to what was stated or Everyone thought the team would win, but
contrary adj expected contrary
(syn. contradictory) to expectations, they lost the championship.
Abstract concepts like happiness or love are
difficult
to tell exactly what something is (syn.
define v to define, even though people generally know
explain, describe)
what
they mean.
It may be today, or 100 years from now, but
in the end; after a period of time (syn.
eventually adv eventually we will have to make some difficult
ultimately)
choices on this issue.
Edgar Allen Poe wrote a lot of poetry on the
macabre n gruesome, as suggestive of death
macabre, particularly when his wife died.
As soon as the man breathed his last breath,
bereave v take away from by death Death
bereaved him of his physical life.
The anonymous caller inexplicitly gave away
inexplicit adj not intentionally clear or expressed
certain information about a crime.
drugs can make you hallucinate and cause a
an apparent perception of something not
hallucinate v person
actually present
to see things that really are not there.
After being scared by my friend, I had paranoia
paranoia n nervousness, sometimes extreme
that my friend would do it again.
any person, contingent, or force that leads The founder of the bill spearheaded the vote in
spearhead v
an attack, undertaking Congress.
a line of verse consisting of five metrical Middle English literature was mostly written in
pentameter n
feet iambic pentameter form.
repetition n the act of repeating The music had a lot of repetition of the lyrics.
dreadful adj extremely bad, unpleasant, or ugly The catastrophe was absolutely dreadful.
excruciating or acute distress, suffering,
anguish n The torture brought much anguish to the inmates.
or pain
The human sexuality book was written in such a
Directed away from what is right or good;
perverse adj perverse way that many of the students were
perverted.
disgusted by it.
Of or relating to a style of fiction that
Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest gothic
gothic adj emphasizes the grotesque, mysterious,
writers of his time.
and desolate.
The villain met his demise when he accidentally
demise n death or decease
electrocuted himself.
lament v To express grief for or about It is understandable to lament over the dead.
The people entombed their dead ruler in his
entombed v To make a tomb for proper
grave.
Unit 10

to believe without evidence (syn. suppose, I haven't seen or read the report yet, but I
assume v
presume) assume that everything in there will be correct.
easily distinguished from others (syn. This civilization's 3rd dynasty was quite distinct,
distinct adj unique, clear, manifest, marked / ant. exhibiting many differences from the 2nd and
indistinct, vague, fuzzy) 4th dynasties.
a standard or acceptable behavior (syn. Not talking loudly in a movie theater is the
norms n
custom) norm. People who do it are considered rude.
a way of doing something (syn. procedure, A new technique has been developed that will
technique n
method) greatly improve artificial heart valves.
The man gave an undeniable offer that I could
undeniable adj cannot be rejected not
refuse.
Having experienced a similar situation, my
intuition n comprehension without effort of reasoning
intuition told me how to go about it.
After being in office for two weeks, the
President
encumber adj burden with obligations or difficulties
was encumbered with all the obligations of the
voters.
The movie star gained recognition for his part
recognition n the act of acceptance or notice
in the famous movie.
When you partake of the fruit, it will give you
partake v have or take a share
everlasting life.
facet adj aspect; or phase That is only one facet of many other situations.
prior adj preceding in importance or privilege Prior to the test, the student studied.
It is taboo to speak about religion and politics
proscribed by society as improper or
taboo n to
unacceptable
strangers.
a well-known, customary, or obvious Talking about sports or the weather is
commonplace n
remark commonplace in conversation.
If you are to persuade your opponent, you must
asserting v To state or express positively try
to be assertive.
The difference between the wars projected in a
simulation and the real thing is you have
unlimited adj boundless; infinite
unlimited
resources in the simulation.
Boundless possibilities are gained when one is
boundless adj limitless, endless
granted great power.
The teacher underscored all the important
underscores v To emphasize material
on the review.
I volunteered myself to help give out food for
a person who voluntarily offers himself or
volunteer n the
herself for a service or undertaking
homeless.
a person formally educated and trained in The nurse went through the war-torn field and
nurse n
the care of the sick or infirm helped the injured.
Any of the parts into which something can It’s impossible to memorize the whole thing. So
segments n
be divided why not break it into segments?
Unit 11
We affect those around us with the decisions
affect v to produce change we
make.
It was apparent that the student had not
easily seen or understood (syn. evident, studied for
apparent adj
visible, obvious / ant. obscure, hidden) the test since she could not answer any of the
questions.
The controversy over moving the capital caused
controversy n public disagreement
years of arguments
After his in music
exposure to the legislature.
at an early age via
his
the state of being shown or witnessing
exposure n grandfather's piano, Daniel showed great
something
interest
in
Thesaxophone lessons.
subconscious was fundamental to Freud's
fundamental adj basic (syn. essential / ant. superfluous) theory on personality development and his
approach to therapy.
I wrote a poetic ballad about a knight saving
ballad n a simple narrative poem the
princess
The songfrom
had aa fiery dragon.
straight forward cadence for
cadence n rhythmic flow the
soldiers to march to.
Irrespective of his opinion, I am going to carry
irrespective adj regardless, independent one
with my plan.
recluse n a person who lives in seclusion The hermit lived as a recluse in the mountains.
The girl was very introverted as she kept to
a person who is chiefly concerned with his
introvert adj herself
or her own thoughts
during lunch.
advocate v to speak or write in favor of We must advocate peace in the negotiations.
There are few remaining written manuscripts
A book, document, or other composition
manuscripts n from
written by hand
the medieval era.
a person who has withdrawn to a solitary
hermit n The hermit lived in a desolate place by himself.
place
Something that conceals, protects, or
shrouded v The dark castle was shrouded in mystery.
screens
The investigators had a list of inquiries for them
inquiry n an investigation, as into an incident to
work on.
The evidence was circumstantial because it
circumstantial adj pertaining to conditions of material welfare didn’t
necessarily pertain to the case.
For all my hard work and studies, I received a
scholarship n learning; knowledge acquired by study
scholarship award.
For their honeymoon, they went to a reclusive
reclusive adj shut off or apart from the world
beach.
Authors usually capitalize all their letters to
capitalized v to write or print in capital letters express
something important.
security n freedom from danger, risk Security was tight when the celebrity arrived.
Unit 12

The student passed the class albeit by a very

albeit conj although, not withstanding that small
margin.
A person who speaks ambiguously will be
ambiguous adj open to various interpretation difficult
to understand.
We had a limited budget because of the money
constraints n bind and confine
constraint.
Where's Gary? I presume he's at work, but I
to assume; to believe without strong
presume v don't
evidence
really know for sure.
Letters recently uncovered have revealed new
to show something previously hidden (syn.
reveal v details
disclose, unveil)
on the life of the former president.
Even famous people become subject to
obscurity n lack of fame or recognition obscurity
when time rages on.
The enemy tried their best to thwart the hero’s
thwart v prevent from accomplishing a purpose
advancement to victory.
The painters stood on a scaffold as they
scaffold n a temporary supporting platform painted the
building.
Love is more prevalent in the spring for some
prevalent adj of wide use or occurrence
reason.
The husband and wife communed before the
commune v interchange thoughts and feelings altar
when they got married.
The evil sin of one man affected everyone
sin n transgression of divine law around
the state or condition of having little or him.
poverty n no Poverty is prevalent in low-income areas.
money, goods, or means of support She felt an incredible sense of guilt for telling
a feeling of responsibility or remorse for
guilt n the
some offense
lie to her mother.
After the murder of his son, the father sought
revenge n to take vengeance for
revenge.
departure n The act of leaving The departure time for the airplane is 5:15.
The man committed adultery with a woman he
voluntary sexual intercourse between a
adultery n met
married person
at work.
infamous adj having an extremely bad reputation Serial killers are infamous for their crimes.
During the tornado, the locals sought refuge
refuge n shelter or protection from danger from
the weather.
Feminists usually believe in stronger
A person whose beliefs and behavior are
feminist n independence
based on feminism
for the female gender.
mysterious adj of obscure nature, meaning The mysterious man walked quietly in the shadows.
Unit 13

to leave behind (syn. discard, forsake / ant. The man abandoned his wife and children to go
abandon v
keep, rescue) off in search of adventure.
to make complete; to make harmonious She looked very nice, but still needed a few
complement n
(syn. harmonize / ant. clash) accessories to complement the outfit.
The decline in the value of the US dollar means
a lowering in worth (syn. drop, fall / ant.
decline v that
improvement, upswing)
the Korean won is worth a lot more now.
The findings in the experiment were
insignificant.
very small; not important (ant. crucial,
insignificant adj They didn't indicate a relationship between the
significant)
two
variables.
His instructions were not completely clear, but I
to construe or take a certain meaning
interpret his words to mean he wants us to
interpret v from
work
something
untilNative
The the project is completed.
Americans were the indigenous
indigenous adj originating from a particular region people
of
TheNorth America.
federal government overarches the state
overarch n to span with or over like an arch and
local government.
By the late 1800’s, the United States had
become an
organizing manufacturing capabilities of a
industrialize adj industrialized nation manufacturing every
place
product
within its domestic regions.
quest n search, pursuit King Arthur was on a quest for the Holy Grail.
The scrivener recorded all that happened in the
scrivener n a scribe days
of the king.
Going through hardships is one of the many
hardships n Extreme privation; suffering
realities of life.
formative adj giving form or shape The rectangle could be seen as a formative square.
the associated or secondary meaning of a The author had sophisticated connotation,
word or expression in addition to its using
connotation n
explicit advanced vocabulary to give his words an
or primary meaning underlying meaning.
noteworthy adj worthy of notice or attention Abraham said a lot of noteworthy quotes.
For many years, my mind wandered with
vagrancy n mental wandering vagrancy,
in search of answers.
The new tenants that will be living here will
tenants n A dweller in a place; an occupant arrive
in a couple hours.
An absurdist believes in some of the most
absurdist n an adherent of absurdism unusual
things.
The love-struck man ambitiously sought out
ambitious adj requiring exceptional effort the
love of his woman.
an economic system based on private Capitalism is the economic basis for the United
capitalism n
ownership of capital States’s economy.
It was seemingly possible that what his friend
seemingly adv apparent; appearing was
saying was true.
Unit 14

The scientist will conduct research on the

to direct or take part in the operation or
conduct v matter of
management of
gravity.
This civil case will create a new precedent for
precedent n an identical previous example those
who go through an in-just arrest.
manufacture v the making of goods Chevrolet manufactures cars.
The design of the new pair of sunglasses
a state in which light rays exhibit different
polarize v polarizes
qualities in different directions
the light away from the eyes.
President Lincoln inspired many to push
inspire v stimulate to activity forward
during difficult times.
Many candidates have to appease their
bolster v prop up or support constituents
to bolster their popularity among the populace.
relating to behavior in accordance with an
The committee is in place to ensure the ethical
ethical adj idea of right conduct (syn. moral / ant.
treatment of all research animals.
immoral, unethical)
Some countries are imposing economic
sanctions on
impose v to force upon
the nation to pressure them to comply with
international standards for human rights.
We're going to invest some money into a
to spend money with the expectation of
invest v college
earning more money back (ant. divest, sell)
savings
The plan for
majority of our son. wanted the professor
the class
the larger part; more than half
majority n to
(ant. minority)
delay the exam by a week, but she refused.
raging adj angry fury A raging tsunami struck the southeast coast.
Many people got together to protest the new
protests n To object to bill that
was introduced.
Slavery in some countries still exists today
slavery n the condition of a slave; to be in bondage because it
provides an inexpensive labor force.
viable adj capable of living It is still viable that he will recover.
to move or pass in a swift but stately She was swept away by the man’s handsome
swept v
manner appearance.
horrific adj causing horror The death scene was horrific.
There have been reported many unjust police
brutality n the quality of being brutal; cruelty brutality against normal civilians in high-crime
areas.
Stealing and murdering are both considered
immorality n immoral quality, character, or conduct conducts
of immorality.
sole adj being the only one He was the sole beneficiary of his parents will.
The United States in the past century illegalized
segregation n the act or practice of segregating segregation, so that whites and other ethnic
minorities can live together.
Unit 15

After a lot of searching, I was finally able to

to gain use of (syn. enter / ant. forfeit,
access n access
depart)
the correct file.
an interactive system or process; the My financial success has added a new dynamic
dynamic adj workings and structure of a relationship to
(syn. aspect) my relationships with my old friends.
contrary to the law; against the rules (ant. It is illegal to operate a vehicle while under the
illegal adj
legal) influence of alcohol.
When she started vomiting blood after the
accident,
acting or effective within the body
internal adj I suspected internal bleeding and rushed her to
(syn. inner / ant. external)
the
hospital.
lecturer n one who delivers a speech Our lecturer spoke with a clear voice to us.
With so many problems to deal with, the people
strife adj conflict or discord
had much strife.
traverse v pass across, over, or through The horse traversed the shallow waters.
Baptism ranges from a sprinkle on the head to
immersion n the act of plunging into total
body immersion.
native or indigenous to the region in
vernacular adj The Texas accent is vernacular to native Texans.
relevance to language
With such a difficult math problem, I was at a
quandary n a state of bewilderment or perplexity state
of quandary.
Authors used pen names so they could hide
pen name n A pseudonym used by a writer their
real identity.
The kid was a runaway, when they found him
runaway n a person who runs away; fugitive
sleeping on the park bench.
Steamboats were the most effective means of
travel
steamboat n a steam-driven vessel
on water, when the fuel powered engine didn’t
exist.
something that binds a person or persons
bond n The bond between the two friends was unbreakable.
to a certain circumstance
He was very reserved when it came to money,
reserve n the act of keeping back always
putting aside some money into savings.
The drunken man spouted many derogatory
tending to lessen the merit or reputation words to
derogatory adj
of a person or thing the people that were dragging him out of the
bar.
We banned the toys because they were
banned v to prohibit, forbid, or bar dangerous to
little children.
of, pertaining to, or characteristic of The topic was still controversial despite it being
controversial adj
controversy argued for many hours.
Since the scientists didn’t have enough
quandaries n a state of perplexity or uncertainty evidence,
they had many quandaries about their theory.
There are many famous people that wrote their
marked by or dealing with one's own own
autobiographical adj
experiences or life history autobiographical experiences about the times
they lived in.
Unit 16
The number one movie showed much acclaim
acclaim n with general approval by
viewers.
One interesting aspect of the zebra is that no
a certain quality or feature (syn. trait,
aspect n two
characteristic, facet)
have exactly the same stripe pattern.
to cause to feel certain; to remove doubt I felt better because he assured me that I would
assure v (syn. encourage, soothe / ant. worry, get
doubt) paid on time this month.
One's first high school reunion usually takes
decade n a period of ten years place
one decade after graduation.
The secret agent had a device that would allow
device n a tool; an instrument (syn. gadget) him
to listen through walls.
The President of the United States has a
prominent adj standing out prominent
role in international affairs.
We need a formative way to create a computer
formative adj shaping, forming language so anyone can understand its
programming.
The professor was very adamant, maybe to the
adamant adj hard-hearted, unyielding
point of stubborn, about his answer.
Many ambassadors have to live as expatriates
one living, as though permanently, away
expatriate n for
from his or her country
the purpose of better foreign relations.
My depiction of death is a skeleton wearing a
depiction n portray by picture or words black
cape holding a big scythe.
All his nerves sensitized when she stroked him
sensitized v to render sensitive with
a feather.
honing v To perfect or make more intense With good practice, one can hone his skills.
latter n being the second mentioned of two The latter half of the speech concluded his message.
democratic adj pertaining to or of the nature of democracyWe must all do our democratic duty and vote.
Michelangelo created many masterpieces, both
masterpiece n An outstanding work of art or craft in
art and architecture.
A woman noted for courage and daring The Valkyrie is known as the heroine in Norse
heroines n
action mythology.
the ordinary form of spoken or written In poetry, one doesn’t necessarily have to make
prose n language, without metrical structure, as every piece of prose rhyme. It can be written in
distinguished from poetry or verse free verse.
subtlety n the state or quality of being subtle The loud obnoxious man lacked any subtlety.
brash adj impertinent; impudent; tactless The crude comment was a bit brash.
forte n a strong point The kind man’s compassion was his forte.
Unit 17
To maintain a proper collection of anything, one
must have a large accumulation of the thing
accumulation n collect or bring together
they
desire.
attain v reach or achieve A student must work hard to attain good grades.
The temperature fluctuated in the room as the
fluctuate v change continually little
child played with the thermostat.
The witness’s testimony was valid considering
valid adj well supported by fact the
evidence produced by the police.
The school curriculum has to encompass every
encompass v contain
subject the school board requires.
During birthing inception, the mother must
inception n initiation breathe
and push to help get the baby out.
The guy was so embarrassed; his psyche
regress v to return regressed to
an infantile state.
in accordance to a proposition that Most of what philosophy describes is purely
theoretical adj
describes an operation and cause theoretical for it lacks empirical evidence.
Med students must follow strict curricula by
curricula n a regular course of study
studying intensively the art of biology.
a device designed to orbit around a The satellite orbited around the earth
satellite n celestial transmitting
body data from one end of the country to the other.
The professor oversimplified the situation,
oversimplified v to simplify to the point of error which in
turn made the entire experiment a failure.
discipline n training to act in accordance with rules Practicing daily takes a lot of discipline.
countless adj too numerous to count There was so many of them; they were countless.
contribution n the act of contributing The people gave their contributions to the church.
any remains, impression, or trace of a
fossil n They found dinosaur fossils in the European region.
living thing of a former geologic age
the person or persons controlling and Money management is crucial when it comes to
management n
directing the affairs of a business financing.
a science concerned with using The class learned about geomatics as they saw
geomatics n mathematical methods on data about the math
earth's surface equations to interpreting the earth’s crust.
Bowing to your elders is a timeless tradition
the handing down of statements, beliefs,
tradition n among
legends, customs, information
Asian cultures.
Money just doesn’t materialize from trees. You
materialize v To cause to become real or actual have
to work for it.
the process by which the surface of the The water’s force can create erosions to the
erosion n earth is worn away by the action of water, earth’s
glaciers, winds, waves surface, thus creating rivers.
Unit 18
The archer shot his arrow at the target with
accuracy n correctness, precision great
accuracy.
Since I had nothing to do during the weekend, I
available adj obtainable, at one’s disposal was
available to work an extra shift.
The author used a lot of descriptive words to
imagery n imaginative thought or expression express
thoughtful imagery in his writing.
With the turning of the modern century, math
teachers saw the importance of incorporating
incorporate v combine or introduce as an integral part
the standard usage of calculators into their
curriculum, as the difficulty of math increased.
I had to survey the land before I could get my
survey n determine the boundaries of a piece of lan client
to make a purchase.
navigation n sail over or on The navigation by the captain was expert.
The stars and the moon were known as celestial
celestial adj pertain to the sky
beings to the ancient astrologers.
density n thickness and compactness We can measure density by calculating volume.
The function of the word-processing program is
proper action in which anything fulfills its
function n for
purpose
typing documents.
unknown adj not discovered, determined, or identified The cause of the disease is unknown.
Water is ubiquitous; however, drinking water is
ubiquitous adj existing or being everywhere
very limited.
cartography n the production of maps Mapsco is one company that deals with cartography
It was merely a coincidence that both people
merely adv only as specified and nothing more met
each other.
We ran around the circumference of the circle
circumference n the outer boundary of a circular area
shaped field.
Before an actual car model is put into mass
the original or model on which something production, companies create a prototype to
prototype n
is based or formed see how
well it might do on the market.

One can use a sextant to find the position of

an astronomical instrument used to where
sextant n determine latitude and longitude at sea by they are at in the middle of the ocean by
measuring angular distances angling it
to stars.
of or pertaining to a movement espousing
a broad range of philosophies and The new age movement de-emphasizes
new age n practices research
traditionally viewed as occult, and experiments.
metaphysical, or paranormal
to impose, place, or set over, above, or on The President superimposed the law so that
superimposed v
something else everyone would know and abide by it.
a comprehensive view of the world and The worldview on international conflict leans
worldview n
human life generally towards peaceful diplomacy.
atlas n a bound collection of maps The atlas showed every place on the continent.
Unit 19

benefit v advantage or profit It was to our benefit that we studied before the test.
Handheld games are becoming quite the
commodities n an article of commerce commodity
among children these days.
The computer is comprised of many parts that
comprise v consist of
simultaneously work together.
Among the human species, you can easily see a
diverse adj essentially difference
diverse mixture of cultures and races.
It is very unique to find the perfect diamond
unique adj unusual, rare that is
grown straight from nature.
Human beings come from the same
homogeneous adj having the same origin homogeneous
origin.
The gold mine had a plethora of the valuable
plethora n superabundance
mineral.
I was mesmerized by the necklace because it
mesmerize adj hypnotism had
such
Be a beautiful
careful not tolustre to the
replete it. water container.
replete adj completely filled You
might spill it when you pick it up.
Hawaii, because of its tropical climate, is
exotic adj of foreign origin or character considered
one of the exotic locations for tourists to go.
They say that ten percent of your paycheck
figured or expressed on the basis of a rate
percent n should
or proportion per hundred
always go towards savings.
The outdoor landscape was beautiful with all
landscape n a section or expanse of rural scenery the
mountains and lakes.
steep adj having an almost vertical slope or pitch The steep mountain side was difficult to climb.
to change continually; shift back and forth;
fluctuate v The inconsistent student had fluctuating grades.
vary irregularly
a small drum consisting of a circular frame
with a skin stretched over it and several
pairs of metal jingles attached to the They used tambourines to maintain the beat
tambourine n
frame, while singing.
played by striking with the knuckles,
shaking, and the like
an art of sound in time that expresses
ideas
music n and emotions in significant forms through We listen to music.
the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony,
and color
a reed instrument consisting of a melody
pipe and one or more accompanying
The Scottish people use bagpipes to perform
drone
bagpipe n songs
pipes protruding from a windbag into
of the dead.
which the air is blown by the mouth or a
bellows
A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black
mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid
petroleum n We use petroleum as fuel source.
hydrocarbons that occurs naturally
beneath the earth's surface
The oil reserves are there in case the main
reserves n something kept or stored for use or need supplies
run out.
The failure of the potato crop lead to
famine n extreme and general scarcity of food widespread
famine in Ireland.
Unit 20

Despite her nervousness about bungee

in contrast to what might be expected jumping, she
despite prep (syn. looked quite calm as she stood on the edge of
in spite of, although, even though) the
platform.
As soon as the miners discovered ore, they
extraction n a point of forceful removal immediately searched for an extraction point to
start digging.
Despite his sickness, Ralph persisted to learn in
persist v to endure
school.
The cowboy woke up early and went to the
stable adj a building for horses and cattle. stable to
get his horse ready for the days work.
In ancient times, farmers would manually garner
the process in which one reaps, gathers,
garner v all
and stores.
the wheat by hand.
stellar adj starlike The actor performed a stellar audition for the part.
European and Japanese vehicles are usually
import v bring in as wares from another country imported from their respected countries to the
US.
Shakespeare’s portrayal of Julius Caesar is quite
portrayal n describing vividly different from what actually happened in real
life.
The sprain seriously hindered the athlete from
hinder v preventing from acting
running as fast as he could.
Early colonialism proved very useful to many
the idea of settling into a new country but growing empires, such as the UK because many
colonialism n
remain subject to the mother country valuable trade items made them very
prosperous.
mainland n the principal land of a country, region Australia’s mainland contains mostly desert.
the people who read or are thought to
The magazine went out of business because the
readership n read
readership base dwindled to almost nothing.
a particular
an book,
area of land newspaper,
almost magazine
completely
The southern landmass of Florida is a peninsula
surrounded by water except for an
peninsula n to
isthmus
the United States.
connecting it with the mainland
isolate v to set or place apart; detach or separate We isolated the bacteria so that it wouldn’t spread.
using or able to speak several or many The person was multilingual. He spoke four
multilingual adj
languages with some facility languages.
New York is said to be the most cosmopolitan
sophisticated as to be at home in all parts area
cosmopolitan n of the world or conversant with many in the US as it contains many shopping centers
spheres of interest and
art galleries.
I can’t see the two lines. I think they are
overlap v to cover and extend beyond
overlapping.
render v to cause to be or become The poison rendered the victim paralyzed.
We use the printing press to mass produce the
a machine, as a cylinder press or rotary
press n daily
press, for printing on paper
newspaper.
commendation or honor given for some
credit n We will give him credit for his good deeds.
action
Unit21

I had to confirm the facts with three different

confirm v establish more firmly
people before I could believe my friend.
If I study, the consequence is a good grade;
that which follows as the result of some
consequence n however, if I don’t study, the consequence is a
preceding act.
bad grade.
The displacement of the people was caused by
displacement n the state of being out of place. the
hurricane.
A water path has enough power to create
a washing or wearing away of the earth’s
erosion n erosions,
surface.
eventually turning that path into rivers.
The scientist hypothesized that the two liquids
hypothesize v A testable assertion to a problem would
create another chemical.
The wedding is one of the oldest ceremonial
ceremonial adj pertains to a ceremony or formal ritual events
in history.
arid adj lacking moisture, parched with heat The desert is naturally an arid habitat.
Two rivalling nations usually have adverse goals
adverse adj contrary in purpose
towards dealing with each other.
rural adj country life The rural farm life can be quite calming and quiet.
My grandparents bought a small tract of land
tract n an expanse of land or water so
they can live quietly and settle down.
one of the original or earliest known The Native Americans were aboriginal people
aboriginal adj
inhabitants of a country or region before the discoverers found the Americas.
otherwise adj under other circumstances Press the blue button, otherwise, press the yellow.
the contemplation or consideration of My views are only speculation because they are
speculation n
some subject based only on my observations.
Deforestation was a big issue when paper
companies
deforestation n to divest or clear of forests or trees destroyed entire forests to keep up with the
demand
of paper.
the introduction of harmful substances or
pollution n Car exhaust emits a lot of pollution.
products into the environment
Every year, the grazier will select the choice
grazier n a person who grazes cattle for the market cattle
and take it into market.
outback n located in the back country The outback of Australia is nothing but desert.
Because the injured victim was surrounded by
a method for removing a person or thing
airlift n water,
by air
we needed an airlift to get him out of there.
Texas land has so many nutrients in the soil that
capable of producing crops; suitable for farmers considered Texas one of the most
arable adj
farming arable
lands in the US.
gatherers n a person who gathers, collects We need gatherers to collect the material.
Unit 22

external adj located outside and apart Skin is external to the inner organs of the body.
Supermodels usually have very delicate, yet
feature n a distinctive or prominent characteristic beautiful
facial features.
phenomena n an odd or notable thing Shooting stars are a wonderful phenomena to see.
It’s very predictable that the mouse will come
predictable adj foretell, prophesize after
the cheese, if I leave the cheese on the floor.
a hot spring that periodically spouts hot
geyser n Old Faithful is the most popular geyser.
water and steam
awe v fear mingled with admiration The father looked at his newborn in awe.
King Arthur and his knights make up the Celtic
myth n a legendary story
myths.
The beautiful sculpture of David was sculpted
sculpt v to carve or shape by
the hands of Michelangelo
Intense geothermic heat provokes volcanoes to
geothermic adj to create heat from the earth
erupt.
fantastic adj unreal and hardly possible Pigs flying?! That is absolutely fantastic!
The Grand Canyon has many spectacular steep
canyon n a deep valley with steep sides
sides.
a land area having a relatively level surface
plateau n considerably raised above adjoining land We’ll land on the flat plateau over there.
on at least one side
With no rain for several months, we were facing
drought n a period of dry weather a
serious drought.
Before they went public, the scientists had to do
extensive adj of great extent; wide
extensive research to make sure they were right.
the place to which a person or thing
destination n travels The train’s final destination is Dallas, Texas.
or is sent Because of the interruption, I had to recount
recount v to count again the
entire thing over again.
I was astounded by the number of people that
astound adj to overwhelm with amazement
showed up for his birthday party.
flora n Plants considered as a group Flora is the term that relates to plants and flowers.
In the woods, many types of fauna can be
fauna n all the animal life in a particular region found,
such are squirrels, and birds.
treasure n wealth or riches stored or accumulated The pirate hid his treasure.
Unit 23

To create a good research paper, I must collect

compile v collect from various sources and
compile my resources and thoughts onto paper.
As age progresses, the body slowly diminishes
diminish v make less or smaller by any means to a
weaker state as well.
The guide indicated where the tourist would go
indicate v to point out; direct attention to on
the map.
Some say love is the only factor to a
factor n any contributing cause or element relationship.
I think there are many others.
Soldiers in the army need great persistence to
persistence n to endure
endure the rigorous training.
In San Francisco, the hills have a high gradient,
gradient n the amount or angle of slope
making it very difficult to build houses.
The weather forecast predicted three days of
forecast n prediction straight
rain.
Because Houston is located close to the ocean,
humidity n dampness, amount of moisture in the air the
city has much humidity.
The math pattern was easy to pinpoint. It was
pattern n a model to be copied going
up by even numbers.
With so much pollution, global warming is
global adj worldwide
inevitable.
the ensemble or effect created by such
makeup n We need to see the genetic makeup of his DNA.
application
Spring, summer, fall, and winter constitute the
season n one of the four periods of the year four
seasons.
The airplane travelled faster thanks to some
jet stream n A high-speed stream of air
powerful jet streams.
pronounce v to enunciate or articulate I pronounce you husband and wife.
an interface or zone of transition between
front n The cold front is coming in soon, so dress warmly.
two dissimilar air masses
A common burrowing rodent of northern When the groundhog sees his shadow, spring is
groundhog n
and eastern North America right around the corner.
Go grab the barometer to see if the air pressure
any instrument that measures atmospheric
barometer n is
pressure
high.
an instrument that is carried aloft by a
balloon to send back information on
The radiosonde gave the weather crew all the
radiosonde n atmospheric temperature, pressure, and
weather information they needed.
humidity by means of a small radio
transmitter
You’ve got a 103 temperature on the
thermometer n an instrument for measuring temperature thermometer.
You’re definitely sick.
all the parts of a thing taken together, so
We collected the ensemble and put it in the
that each part is considered only in
ensemble n garage
relation
to work on it.
to the whole
Unit 24
English, French, and Spanish are all analogous
analogous adj corresponding; similar to
Latin.
collapse v break, fall in, or give way Since the bridge was built incorrectly, it collapsed
The Michelangelo da Vinci art exhibit was open
exhibit v offer to view to
the public at the museum.
Because all of the players in the game were
intense adj existing in high degree strong,
the game was very intense.
After bothering him so much, he finally erupted
erupt v burst forth suddenly in
a fit of rage.
I had to wear a mantle to shield myself from
mantle n a cover the
a mass of molten material below the snow.
Once magma flows out of the earth’s surface, it
magma n earth’s
turns into lava.
crust
I can’t believe the earth’s continents are
supported
slablike sections of the earth that support
tectonic n by eight tectonic plates that are constantly
continents
grinding
with each other.
seismic adj an earthquake California experiences a lot of seismic activity.
The fork on the road created a divergent
divergent adj branch off in different directions crossing
between two different paths.
an opening or passage by which anything We all need emotional outlets, because bottling
outlet n
is let out; vent; exit those feelings can do more damage sometimes.
hotspot n areas of intense pressure The new jazz café was the hotspot for the teenagers.
The train remained stationary until all the
stationary adj standing still guests
were on board.
That piece of wood was a fragment chipped off
fragment n a part broken off or detached
from the coffin.
The ideas of the man and his wife typically are
convergent adj tending to come together
convergent.
hardened v made or become hard or harder The water will harden when it’s cold.
a vast area of ancient crustal rocks which, The shield volcano forms with layers upon
shield n together with a platform, constitutes a layers
craton of molten lava.
a large, basinlike depression resulting from The scientist went to the caldera to do some
caldera n the explosion or collapse of the center of research to see what caused the volcano to
a volcano explode.
composed chiefly of fragments of volcanic The volcano’s explosion was so massive,
pyroclastic adj
origin huge pyroclastic pieces flew for miles.
lessened v To make less; reduce I lessened my grip knowing it was okay.
Unit 25

Eating right, and exercising is beneficial for a

beneficial adj helpful, profitable
healthy style of living.
Having a degree in computer programming
capable adj having the ability made
Ryan capable of doing his job.
Due to the number of flaws, the detective
investigation n examine in detail requested
a more thorough investigation.
The two lovers had a mutual affection for each
mutual adj reciprocated respect for the other
other.
Martin Luther King Jr. envisioned a less
envision v contemplate in imagination prejudice
and less racial America
The northwest US experiences a lot of
precipitation n rain, sleet, or snow precipitation
during its rainy season.
Working out your body is ultimately working out
vascular adj pertain to bodily ducts that convey fluid
your vascular system.
pollinate v fertilize Bees and other insects help pollinate flowers.
severe adj serious, austere Watch out for severe thunderstorm.
Many organisms use their unique camouflage
camouflage n disguise of objects to
hide from predators.
The wind in the desert shifts the sand turning
sand dune n a ridge of sand created by the wind them
into hills and sand dunes.
The scorching heat of the sun made the travel
scorching v burning; very hot
difficult.
all the plants or plant life of a place, taken
vegetation n Plant vegetation in Africa is extraordinarily diverse.
as a whole
Of or relating to a temperature scale that
The normal body temperature is about 98.7
registers the freezing point of water as 32°
Fahrenheit n degrees
and the boiling point as 212° at one
Fahrenheit.
atmosphere of pressure
Motor oil is a viscous substance that prevents
viscous adj Having relatively high resistance to flow car
engines
The smallfrom overheating.
piece of bread was sparsely
sparse adj thinly scattered or distributed distributed
among the eight kids.
The cactus is a wonderful example of the
xerophytes n A plant adapted to living in a dry arid habitxerophytes, as they can survive the hottest days
of the desert.
resilient adj springing back; rebounding He was resilient to the opposing team’s force.
quenching v To put out Water quenches one’s thirst on dry hot summer days.
Coaches are advised to pay attention to
thermoregulation among their players, so that
thermoregulation n the regulation of body temperature
none
of them faint from dehydration.
Unit 26

The car mechanic accidentally displaced the oil

displace v to put out of place with
the cleaner.
The student formulated his reply in his head
formulate v put into definite words before
he spoke.
induce v lead by persuasion or influence The people were easily induced by the propaganda.
The man that was found with the bloody shirt
prime adj of highest quality was
the police’s prime suspect.
My best friend is very reliable with even the
reliable adj reliable, trustworthy menial
tasks I ask him to do.
The magnitude of the earthquake was so
magnitude n physical greatness powerful
it destroyed tall buildings.
catastrophe n a sudden disaster The US experienced a huge catastrophe on 9/11.
a sea wave caused by a submarine
tsunami n Tsunamis show the destructive power of water.
earthquake
The atomic bomb decimated the population of
decimate v destroy a great number of
Japan during World War II.
With modern physics and technology, we have
devastating adj lay waste
invented some devastating weaponry.
existing, situated, or operating below the They built subterranean tunnels, so the enemy
subterranean adj
surface of the earth wouldn’t see them in the air.
importance or significance attached to a I cannot stress to you how important this next
stress n
thing objective is.
a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for
The horrific earthquake measured a 7.2 on the
Richter scale n indicating
Richter scale.
the intensity of an earthquake
The extent of the damage was severe. It would
the space or degree to which a thing
extent n take
extends
many years to rebuild.
detected v To discover or ascertain the existence We detected other life forms in space.
tidal adj of or relating to or caused by tides Surfers use small tidal waves to ride on their boards.
The number of soldier fatalities during the war
fatalities n a disaster resulting in death was
great.
pummeled v to beat or thrash with or as if with the fists The man pummelled his opponent to the ground.
The lawyer scathed the witness with all sorts of
scathed v to attack with severe criticism
questions.
To set down for preservation in writing or
recorded v The recorded message was from my mom.
other permanent form
Unit 27

The insurance agent came out and assessed the

assess v estimate the value of
damage from the car accident.
I had to clarify my main point to the puzzled
clarify v make clear to the sight or understanding
children.
The knight equipped himself with armor and a
equip v fit out for what is needed
sword for combat.
pose v propound as a question I will pose the first question, and you shall answer.
Through process of elimination, I concluded
process n a series of operations that C
was the correct answer.
The disease was widespread and everyone at
widespread adj covering a great area school
was sick.
Topography allows for the creation of maps
have
topography n the surface configuration of anything
bumps on them to signify an increase in
elevation.
The hero did so many amazing feats, I’m sure
legendary adj a widely accepted but unverified story he’ll
be legendary.
Many people in the medieval era feared deep
abyssal adj bottomless pit holes
fearing that the hole might be abyssal.
The movie star was allegedly spotted at the
alleged adj declare positively local
coffee shop.
I don’t think you understand the immensity of
immensity n vastness; enormous extent
damage you caused for that family.
a scientist who studies physical and
oceanographer n The oceanographer charted the undersea life forms.
biological aspects of the seas
something that causes wonder, admiration,
marvel v People marvel at the beauties nature presents.
or astonishment
a person who directs or assists in the
mariner n The mariner travelled all over the earth on his ship.
navigation of a ship
a specialist in the branch of biology
zoologist n dealing The zoologist is now studying monkeys.
with animals
a part or an individual taken as
specimen n exemplifying This particular specimen is the leader of the herd.
a whole mass or number
angler n One who fishes with a hook The angler caught one of the biggest fish.
Check the salinity of the soup. If it’s too salty,
salinity n the relative proportion of salt in a solution add
a little bit more water.
the act or process of forming or the state The soldiers went into formation as they did
formation n
of being formed inspections.
a substance produced by or used in a We use this chemical to neutralize any toxic
chemical n
chemical process substances.
Unit 28

alter v make some change in One can alter bad habits through hard to work.
We all came to a consensus that we would all
consensus n agreement in opinion go to
McDonald’s for lunch.
There was much evidence against the suspect
the means of proving or disproving an
evidence n that
alleged fact
made him look guilty.
The beginner’s orchestra played at a steady
interval n the time between two events interval
so that they could all play together.
The counselor closely monitored the camper’s
monitor v to oversee a particular activity
activity.
Good catches and strong offensive line were few
proponent n the one who proposes of the proponents to why the team won the
football game.
exacerbate v embitter My sister’s constant naggin exacerbated my mother.
Due to the rain, there were many water
deposit n lay down, precipitate deposits in
the meadow.
We turned on the flashlight to illuminate the
illuminate v furnish with a light dark
room
tropic adj the region among the equator Hawaii’s hot weather is due to its topic location.
A cold period marked by episodes of
The ice age supposedly killed off the dinosaurs
ice age n extensive glaciation alternating with
because they could not preserve their own heat.
episodes of relative warmth
the act of defining or making definite, In order to use the word properly, you must
definition n
distinct, or clear understand its definition.
The creation of life is a phenomenon which
a fact, occurrence, or circumstance
phenomenon n even
observed or observable
scientists don’t fully understand.
a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and
cold water; a strong oxidizing agent; can The ozone is vital to our health because it
ozone n be produced by electric discharge in prevents
oxygen or by the action of ultraviolet UV rays from hitting our skin.
radiation on oxygen in the stratosphere
The blockages in the toilet made the water
blockage n an obstructed condition come
back up.
To change from a frozen solid to a liquid Don’t cook the frozen meat. I’m thawing it so
thawing v
by gradual warming it’ll be easier to cook later.
to move or travel around in an orbital or
orbit v The satellite orbits around the earth.
elliptical path
contend v to struggle in opposition The teams will contend for the title and trophy.
The ice age brought a huge climatic change in
climatic adj of or pertaining to climate
the weather.
glacier n a slowly moving mass of ice The huge glacier melted its way to the ocean.
Unit 29

My friend and I debated over the topic of

debate v to engage in discuss or argument abortion
all night.
The liar denied any claim that was brought
deny v refuse to admit the truth upon
him and his crime.
We had to eliminate the possibility of failure,
eliminate v get rid of when
we began to get the machine to work.
As soon as the dye touched the water, a color
reaction n a response
reaction took place.
The cat survived the jump that was three stories
survive v continue to live
high.
The child put an odd trinket on top of the
trinket n a trifling ornament drawer.
It was his sister’s lucky rabbit foot.
fatal adj causing death The car accident was fatal to the driver.
Due to viral adaptation, it is getting more
immunity n exempt from a disease difficult
for humans to
Committing develop
petty natural
crimes immunities.
is a serious disservice
disservice n opposing a duty or service to
the community.
Before church service starts, the clergy will
knell n the sound of a bell produce
the knell with the church bell.
Undoubtedly adv not called in question I undoubtedly believed you.
The lingering ghost scared the guests of the
lingering v To be slow in leaving
haunted hotel.
Joe was cleaning the rooms. Meanwhile, Julie
meanwhile adj in the intervening time
was washing the dishes.
a person who conducts explorations by
navigator n The navigator directed the ship to the port.
sea
The seafarer recorded his logs on what went on
seafarer n a traveller on the sea
during the sea voyage.
nearby adj close at hand; not far off Japan is nearby the coast of Korea.
We need to get a clear DNA strain to get a
hereditary or natural character, tendency,
strain n genetic
or trait
makeup.
disregard v to pay no attention to The mother disregarded her son’s constant nagging.
ownership n the state or fact of being an owner I claim ownership of the vehicle after I buy it.
Polynesian adj A native or inhabitant of Polynesia Polynesians have a tropical way of life.
Unit 30

The human body is very complex because it has

complex adj composed of many intricate parts so
many parts that work differently.
His friend had a very dynamic personality
because
dynamic n full of force and energy
he approached people with a smile and
friendliness.
suggest or indicate without expressing I didn’t directly tell him that I liked him, but with
imply v
directly my actions, I might have implied it.
move from one region to another
migrate v Birds migrate when the climate begins to change.
periodically
Helping the sick and needy was completely
voluntary adj done from one’s free choice
voluntary.
After hearing his powerful speech, I was
impel v drive onward impelled to
help out the community.
the study of structure and development of To understand the acoustics of the vocal signal,
linguistics n
language one must study linguistics.
Because the water was running, the rate of
diffusion n pour out and spread diffusion
of the dye was faster than expected.
A person who is flexible can assimilate to a new
assimilate v take in or incorporate
culture more quickly.
Military armor has evolved over the centuries,
mobility n easily moveable allowing the soldier to have more mobility in
combat.
transplant v to move from one place to another The man with a bad heart needs a heart transplant
Because the business is setup in many locations,
relocation n to move to a different location
you will be susceptible to relocation.
We transposed the locker combination so that
to change the relative position, order, or
transposed v no
sequence of
one would steal it.
food and drink considered in terms of its We need to consider your diet before we place
diet n qualities, composition, and its effects on you
health on an exercise routine.
assortment n a collection of various kinds of things He had an assortment of various collectible cards.
tinged v to impart a slight taste or smell to Blood has a slight tinge of iron.
continuing without termination or
ongoing adj It was an ongoing tradition.
interruption
host n One that furnishes facilities and resources He was a good host at the party.
vanish v to disappear from sigh The magician vanished inside the box.
Wheat products are usually the staple diet for
staples n A basic or principal element or feature
every culture.
Unit 31

When teaching science, it is more productive to

demonstrate v describe or explain by use of example
demonstrate than it is to teach.
We had to give even distributions to the
distribution n spread out hungry
because we were low on food rations.
Food, water, and air are a means to subsistence,
subsistence n have the means to live but there is also the will to want to survive that
helps as well.
I was stricken with love at first sight when I saw
stricken v strongly affected
her walking into the room.
Due to political chaos, the government had a lot
instability n unsteadiness, lack of firmness
of instability.
Before getting to the main piece of music, the
interlude n an episode of such time
orchestra played the interlude.
We must eradicate all dangerous parasites from
eradicate v pull out by the root
the body.
I was ladened with the most difficult task of
laden v load or burden
carrying huge blocks of wood.
Genesis accounts the telling of the deadly
plague n a pestilential epidemic plagues
that brought disaster to Eygpt.
Modern prisons put more restrictions on food
restriction n to attach restrictions utensils for fear of violent breakouts and
escapes.
a personification of the forces of nature
mother nature n as a controlling and regulating maternal Mother Nature takes care of the circle of life.
being
There was slight rainfall as the monsoon season
rainfall n a fall or shower of rain
came to a close.
an act or instance of failing or proving
failure n When he didn’t pass the test, he felt like a failure.
unsuccessful
pertaining to meteorology or to Determining weather patterns is a
meteorological adj phenomena meteorological
of the atmosphere or weather study.
wreak v to inflict or execute The monster wreaked destruction among the city.
There was great havoc as the monster
havoc n great destruction or devastation destroyed
buildings.
We need to have a conservation stance on fuel
the careful utilization of a natural resource
conservation n as
in order to prevent depletion
it is a limited resource.
breed n to produce (offspring); procreate; engender Animals breed to continue the process of life.
protract v to draw out or lengthen He protracted the song to the point of exhaustion.
the act of combining or the state of being
combination n I’ll have the chicken and steak combination.
combined
Unit 32

The two equations were written differently, but

equivalent adj the same in magnitude, meaning, and effec the
answers were equivalent .
opposing v set against or opposite to The two opposing teams battled it out on the field.
The teacher accidentally wrote on the soft erase
board with the permanent marker. The mark
permanent adj lasting, and fixed
didn’t
come off.
The father thought the responsible young man
suitable adj appropriate, becoming was
a suitable guy to go out with his daughter.
tend v be inclined or disposed; to work with The doctor tended to the sick patients needs.
thrive v prosper, flourish Plants thrive with proper care.
barren adj incapable of producing offspring The desert is a barren place to plant crops.
Humans are terrestrial beings in that we survive
terrestrial adj pertain to earth and land
through the fruitfulness of the earth.
Through animal husbandry, humans were able
to
husbandry n farming, agriculture domesticate certain animals for their own
personal
use.
The lawyer’s conjunction was dismissed as soon
as
an opinion not founded on sufficient
conjunction n the judge figured out his theory lacked
evidence
sufficient
evidence.
The human chocolate consumption rate is
consumption n the act of consuming about 45
lbs. in a year.
In central and south America, the Native
maize n corn Americans
depended on their maize supply for food.
manure n excrement, or other refuse used as fertilizer We use cow manure to fertilize the plants.
the aggregate of passively floating,
There is one species of whales that eat plankton
drifting,
plankton n by
or somewhat motile organisms occurring
the tons everyday.
in a body of water
hatcheries n a place for hatching eggs Hen’s have a hatchery to lay their eggs.
We have formulated a way to convert heat into
formulated v to express in precise form
energy.
mutton n the flesh of sheep If we charbroil the mutton, it will taste soft.
A wind system that influences large We had a great deal of rainfall during the
monsoon n climatic regions and reverses direction monsoon
seasonally. season.
An artificial waterway or artificially We need to use canals to spread the water to
canals n improved river used for travel, shipping, areas
or irrigation. where water is lacking.
aquaculture n the cultivation of aquatic animals and plant Aquaculture is important to grow aquatic life.
Unit 33
The Titanic was the greatest ship ever
assemble v bring together or fit together assembled
by man.
Since there were so many different kinds of
birds,
category n a comprehensive division or class scientists had to put them into categories
according
to
To their species.
convert water into ice, one must simply put
convert v change into another form ice
in the freezer.
The burly man remained rigid, as the small boy
rigid adj stiff and inflexible
pushed against him.
The spy was out of the visible scope of the
visible adj capable of being seen enemy
soldiers.
The thin membrane filtered the water from any
membrane n a sheet of thin tissue
dangerous particles.
cells that create energy through Most bacteria are prokaryotic as they feed off
prokaryotic adj consuming of
other cells other cells.
Plants cells are all eukaryotic because they get
eukaryotic adj cells that can create its own energy
their energy from the sun.
The sperm and egg are perfect examples of
a cell that unites with another for
gamete n sexual
reproduction
reproductive gametes.
A city without walls is susceptible for an enemy
susceptible adj capable of being affected
invasion.
A large mass of similar cells that make up
We can grow skin tissue to help burn victims
tissues n a part of an organism and perform a
recover their skin.
specific function
multicellular adj composed of several or many cells Animals are multicellular creatures
the colloidal and liquid substance of which
protoplasm n Extract the protoplasm before the cells form.
cells are formed
A soft, semisolid food substance with a Fruit jelly makes a good dessert because its fun
jelly n
resilient consistency squishing it around your mouth.
the cell substance between the cell
cytoplasm n The cytoplasm gives the space for all the organelles.
membrane and the nucleus
being in a position or direction
Vertically adv The elevator goes up vertically to the next floor.
perpendicular to the plane of the horizon
The process in which to one-celled
The conjugation of the two organisms allowed
conjugation n organisms unite to transfer nuclear
them to reproduce.
material
the cell produced by the union of two Zygote needs to further fertilize in order to be
zygote n
gametes an embryo.
We need a stable medium to keep the variable
medium n a middle state or condition
constant.
identical or consistent; without variations The cells are aligned in a uniform manner to be
uniform adj
in detail shaped as skin.
Unit 34
The president’s decision was crucial to the
crucial adj decisive, critical overall
plan of the company’s growth.
The internet was a new innovation in the
innovation n introduce something new
communications industry.
The chameleon, when camouflaged, appears
invisible adj not be seen
invisible to the naked eye.
The wine connoisseur was extremely specific in
specific adj a particular kind
picking the next wine to be tasted.
The airline controller transmitted the new
transmit v communicate or emit
coordinates to the flight pilot.
Washing your hands helps a lot when being
microbes n a germ or bacteria exposed
to microbes.
The land was fertile with vast plains of green
fertile adj abundant, fruitful grass,
and water.
The product we are selling is the new improved
product n the result from something produced
smaller sized laptop.
a substance that tends to destroy harmful We treat bacteria diseases with an antibiotic
antibiotic n
organisms vaccination.
The rainbow has a nice array of colors in its
array adj regular order or arrangement
spectrum.
A three-dimensional surface, all points of The game of pool requires 12 spheres, including
sphere n
which are equidistant from a fixed point the cue ball.
rod n a stick, wand, staff, or the like We used the rod to measure how deep the water was.
a plane curve generated by a point
moving
spiral n The rotating spiral made all of us dizzy.
around a fixed point while constantly
receding from or approaching it
Cockroaches are ubiquitous because they can
ubiquitous adj existing or being everywhere adapt
quickly to any environment.
Any of a large group of single-celled,
protozoan n I believe the paramecium is a protozoan.
usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms
The reed is an instrumental piece that allows
instrumental adj serving or acting as an instrument or mean the
player to blow on the oboe.
any large, brown, cold-water seaweed,
kelp n used as food and in various manufacturing Kelp feeds many aquatic herbivores in the ocean.
processes.
primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly
Some forms of algae produce vast amounts of
algae n aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true
chemicals that are beneficial for humans.
stems and roots and leaves
We must watch out for dangerous microbes
microbe n a microorganism that
enter the body.
His sickness was contagious to the people
capable of being transmitted by bodily
contagious n around
contact with an infected person or object
him.
Unit 35

Cancers cells are cells that are abnormal in

abnormal adj not ordinary, unusual genetic
structure.
acquire v obtain, gain The millionaire acquired a lot of material wealth.
attach v fasten, affix The man attached the name tag to his shirt.
At the same time, the man inserted the
insert v to put in electrical
plug into the socket.
transform v change in form, appearance, or condition The caterpillar transformed into a butterfly.
We encased the diamond in a bulletproof case
encase v enclose in so it
would be well protected.
After the hero manifested himself with the
ancient
manifest v readily perceived
art of warfare, he was unstoppable in the
battlefield.
If we don’t neutralize the acid, it will start
neutralize v render inactive eating
away everything
Airborne combataround it.
was discovered as soon as
airborne adj supported by the air man
began to conquer the skies.
The time my sister was bitten by a dog was an
incidence adj frequency of occurrence
isolated incident. .
the central, innermost, or most essential We must setup a core system of knowledge for
core n
part of anything people to understand better.
We must lysing cancer cells so they do not
the dissolution or destruction of cells by
lysing v spread
lysins
throughout the body.
Some scientists believe we can use viruses for
our
the transfer of genetic material from one
transduction n benefit. We need to go through a transduction
cell to another by means of a virus.
process so the genetic material to something
built so as to be an integral and harmless.
It’s hard to change the part because it’s already
built-in adj permanent
built-in the device.
part of a larger construction
an assembly of moving parts performing a I don’t know what triggered the mechanism to
mechanism n
complete functional motion work all of a sudden.
We localized the number of incidents to this
to gather, collect, or concentrate in one
localized v general
locality
area.
any preparation used as a preventive
vaccine n inoculation to confer immunity against a We prepared a vaccine to cure the disease.
specific disease
The patient with scurvy is suffering from
deficiency n lack; incompleteness; insufficiency vitamin-c
deficiency.
Small, rounded structures along the small
vessels of the lymphatic system that When lymph nodes develop, it shows the body
lymph nodes n produce disease-fighting white blood is
cells and filter out harmful microorganisms battling hard against a disease.
and toxins from the lymph
When we breathe in air, the oxygen flows
the blood flowing through a circulatory
bloodstream n through
system
the bloodstream.
Unit 36

The main dish was served adequately with the

adequate adj equal to requirement
proper dishes and utensils.
The laptop consists of many components. Some
component adj forming a part of these are the hard-drive and the mother-
board.
Many wonderful musicians compose beautiful
compose v form by putting parts together
music.
School grades no longer consist of just
consist v be composed of
behavior and work, but also attendance as well.
a substance that causes injury or death The rat died as soon as it ate the poisonous
poisonous adj
upon contact mushrooms.
These organic vegetables have a better taste
organic adj derived from plant or animal matter than
the
The factory-cleaned
parasitic worm brand.
gave a lot of health
an organism that lives off the nutrients
parasitic adj problems
from a host
to the cow.
germinate v begin to grow, sprout We must wait for the wheat to germinate.
maturity n complete in natural growth The horse has grown to maturity over the years.
The car’s trunk made it easy to
compartmentalize v divide into compartments compartmentalize
the luggage.
dissolve v to break up The alka-seltzer dissolved in water.
a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, Insects have a hard chitin armor that encases
chitin n
related chemically to cellulose the organs.
germinate v to begin to grow or develop The seed germinated to a flower.
a growth of minute fungi forming on Leaving bread out too long may cause mold to
mold n
vegetable or animal matter grow.
a fungus that produces a superficial
mildew n Mildew grew from the dead carcass.
growth on organic matter
any of several subterranean, edible,
truffle n Many people enjoy eating mushrooms and truffles.
ascomycetous fungi
any of several antibiotics of low toxicity,
penicillin n produced naturally by molds of the genus Penicillin was one of first bacterial vaccines.
Penicillium
Any of various chiefly aquatic, eukaryotic, Algae grew from the ocean surface to capture
algae n photosynthetic organisms, ranging in size the
from single-celled forms to the giant kelp sunlight.
A fungus, usually of the class
Lichens latched onto the algae so that it would
lichen n Ascomycetes, that grows symbiotically
flourish with it.
with algae
a system formed by the interaction of a The ecosystem is a complex system of all
ecosystem n community of organisms with their mammals
environment. and nature working together.
Unit 37

Mixing two or many elements together will

compound v form by mixing and joining
eventually create a new compound.
The professor seemed to imply the answer in
suggest or indicate without expressing
imply v his
directly
explanation.
the relation of one thing to another in The circle, when cut in half, is proportional on
proportional n
respect to size, degree, or quantity both sides.
In Free Willy, the young boy released the shamu
release v set free or unfasten
whale into the open waters.
As I placed the mirror against the sun, the light
reflect v throw back as rays of light
was reflected off the mirror.
abundant adj copious in supply We have an abundant amount of grain to trade.
pigment n coloring matter His skin pigment was light brown.
molecule n the smallest possible physical unit These molecules make up the water atom.
After we got into that fight, he dissociated
dissociate v sever the connection of himself
from me.
not contingent on something else for After living by myself for many years, I’m quite
independent adj
existence independent on household chores.
photon n a quantum of electromagnetic radiation Plants use light photons to convert it to energy.
the distance, measured in the direction of Depending on the wavelength, you can
wavelength n propagation of a wave, between two manipulate
successive points in the wave the pitch of the sound.
the green coloring matter of leaves and Within the chlorophyll, the light photons are
chlorophyll n plants, essential to the production of converted into energy packets for the plant to
carbohydrates by photosynthesis use.
As soon the chemical hit the reactant, it
trigger v to initiate triggered
a reaction.
Chloroplast contains the chlorophyll of which
chloroplast n a plastid containing chlorophyll
energy is made.
Sunlight is the most abundant source of energy
sunlight n the light of the sun
on earth.
an elementary particle that is a
fundamental constituent of matter, having
electron n Electrons are present outside of the atomic nucleus.
a negative
charge When people are situated in one place, muscles
the act of reducing or the state of being go
reduction n
reduced through reduction to minimize the use of
pertaining to or characterized by cellules energy.
There was a lot of cellular activity as soon as we
cellular adj or
fed him vitamins.
cells
the gaseous envelope surrounding the Our atmosphere is what helps us survive the
atmosphere n
earth dangerous sunlight.
Unit 38

The Native American’s utilized every part of the

utilize v make use of, put to service
buffalo to make efficient use of it.
burst v break from internal pressure The bomb burst as soon as the fuse shorted.
When the sperm meets the egg, they both unite
fertilize v make productive to
fertilize in creating life.
The cookie dough was edible enough to be
edible adj fit to be eaten as food eaten,
but we all waited for the real cookies.
evolve v form gradually Scientists believe apes evolved into humans.
secrete v produce by glandular activity The duck-billed platypus secretes a deadly poison.
The scientific method ensures a consistent and
method n systematic procedure
accurate result with each test.
The bee flies into the flower and, while doing
so,
stigma n part of the flower that receives pollen
touch the stigma to spread the gametes for
fertilization.
The common seed that falls on the ground from
ovules n a rudimentary egg or seed trees
can be called ovules.
emergence adj rise out, or become apparent The dying man was sent to the emergency room.
interrelated v to bring or enter into reciprocal relation. Food and exercise are interrelated to our health.
The carpel supports the pistil for insects and
carpels n One of the structural units of a pistil birds
to see.
the enlarged lower part of the pistil in The ovary is where the fertilization of eggs or
ovary n
angiospermous plants seeds takes place.
grain n any small, hard particle Grain of sand
Angiosperms are the biggest phylum in all
a plant having its seeds enclosed in an
angiosperm n living
ovary
plants. They are your typical flowering plants.
an extensive, continuous part of a surface, There are many regions in the world that have
region n
space, or body diverse cultures.
the saccharine secretion of a plant, which
nectar n attracts the insects or birds that pollinate Insects love to feed off the nectar.
the flower
A minute structure in seed plants,
containing the embryo sac and
The ovules of angiosperms are contained in a
ovules n surrounded by the nucellus that develops
structure called the ovary within in the flower.
into a seed
after fertilization
The filament of a flower is what extends the
the stalklike portion of a stamen,
filament n sperm
supporting the anther.
to touch the insect when it pollinates.
the fine, soft, thick, hairy coat of the skin
fur n The dog’s fur was soft.
of a mammal.
Unit 39

The extra large hallway made it more accessible

accessible adj means of approach and admission
for people to walk through.
We first explored the school grounds to see
travel through a region for purpose of
explore v where
observation and discovery
our classes were.
We walked through shallow waters for we were
shallow adj not deep
scared of drowning in the deep waters.
The wonders of the universe are fascinating
fascinating v attract irresistibly
to learn about.
nourishment n feeding The mother cow provided nourishment to her babe.
The marine life is full of fish and oceanic
marine adj pertain to the sea
organisms.
Most polar animals have a thick layer of
blubber n fat blubber,
so they can survive the bitter cold.
Polar animals also have natural antifreeze so
a substance that reduces the freezing
antifreeze n their blood can be constantly warm and
point of water
circulating.
scavenge v devouring refuse Rats love to scavenge through trash.
tubular adj being or pertaining to tubes The huge sewer pipes were shaped in a tubular way.
thrive v to grow or develop vigorously Bacteria thrive in damp, warm places.
The anemone look beautiful, but it has
marine polyps that resemble flowers but
anemone n dangerous
have oral rings of tentacles
tentacles.
Any of various marine crustaceans of the
Many ships that stay in the water have
subclass Cirripedia that in the adult stage
barnacles n barnacles
form a hard shell and remain attached to
on the hull.
submerged surfaces
Any of various marine fishes of the order
Rajiformes or Batoidei, having
rays n Sting rays seem to glide underwater.
cartilaginous skeletons, horizontally
flattened bodies, and narrow tails.
The thorns on the rose are meant to sting
stinging v to prick or wound with a sharp-pointed anyone
that tries to touch it.
An elongated flexible unsegmented
Tentacles have many functions. They can secrete
tentacles n extension used for feeling, grasping, or
poison or help an animal grasp onto something.
locomotion
Krills and planktons are what make up the diet
shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major
krill adj for
source of food for baleen whales
the baleen whales.
pertaining to, dependent on, or Some types of seafood are seasonal because
seasonal adj accompanying the seasons of the year or they
some particular season are not available all year long.
The man grabbed the hatchet to go cut some
hatchet n a small, short-handled ax wood
for the fire.
habitat n the natural environment of an organism Every animal lives in its own particular habitat.
Unit 40

dominate v govern, control The winner dominated the losers in the game.
emerge v come forth from something that conceals The resurrected hero emerged from the ashes.
Some scientists theorize that human beings
originate v begin, initiate
originated in Africa.
The submarine submerged as it approached the
submerge v sink below the surface
target.
The magician vanished out of thin air as he
vanish v fade from sight, disappear covered
himself with his cape.
When the moon isn’t shining above, the water
recede v withdraw, fall away
recedes.
The stone axe is considered one of the most
primitive adj simple, crude
primitive human weapons.
We can elongate the tape measure to measure
elongate v extend the
corners of the hall.
Kings and emperors can identify their ancestry
ancestry n line of descent easier than most people because they usually
had scholars recording their reign.
larval adj the youngest stage in metamorphosis The caterpillar is the larval stage of the butterfly.
Humans are mammals because we create our
Any of various warm-blooded vertebrate
mammals n own
animals
heat.
moist adj moderately or slightly wet The towel was moist after putting it in water.
tadpoles n The limbless aquatic larva of a frog or toad Tadpoles turn into frogs when they mature.
reptilian n belonging or pertaining to the Reptilia. Birds are said to be of reptilian descent.
The respiratory organ of most aquatic
gill n animals that breathe water to obtain The fish has gills to breathe underwater.
oxygen
A person, animal, or plant whose descent The Arabs and Jews are both said to be
descendents n can be traced to a particular individual or descendents
group. from Abraham in the bible.
having a space or cavity inside; not solid;
hollow adj The dead tree was hollow inside.
empty
wingspan n the distance between the wing tips The eagle’s wingspan is incredibly long.
The embryo must be kept safe if the mother is
An organism in its early stages of
embryo n to
development
give birth to it.
Any of various extinct, often gigantic,
carnivorous or herbivorous reptiles of the
Dinosaurs are said to have died due to a great
dinosaur n orders Saurischia and Ornithischia that
climatic change.
were chiefly terrestrial and existed during
the Mesozoic Era.
Unit 41

Since the U.S. has abundant resources, it is able

abundant adj copious supply or quantity to
enjoy many luxuries.
The little kid contrived a clever way to building
contrive v devise or bring about with clever planning his
train set.
Because hunters killed so many buffalos all at
once,
deplete v exhaust by drawing away
the buffalo population was depleted to near
extinction.
resemble v have similarity to The child resembled his parents in appearance.
I roamed the uncharted territories for years, and
roam v travel aimlessly
still I found nothing.
You must grip the ball tightly so that you won’t
grip v a firm grasp
lose it.
Monkeys have prehensile hands and feet so
prehensile adj fitted for grasping they
can easily hold onto trees.
grasp v seize or hold Climb up the tree, and grasp the fruit.
The dog’s behavior is very interesting because
behaviour n manners, habits, or tendencies most
animals do not exhibit loyalty to humans.
The American buffalo is endangered. It may be
endanger v expose to loss or injury
completely wiped out.
Humans have opposable thumbs to help grasp
capable of being placed opposite to
opposable adj onto
something else
things.
Monkeys love manipulating twigs so they can
to manage or influence skilfully, esp. in
manipulating adj use it
an unfair manner
to scratch themselves.
Bats are nocturnal creatures as they come out
nocturnal adj Most active at night
during the night.
a person or thing that protects; defender; The female plays both the motherly role and a
protector n
guardian protector of her children.
a thing with the will, courage,
The male usually plays the role as the fighter,
fighter n determination, ability, or disposition to
fending off his possession.
fight, struggle, resist
to dwell permanently or for a considerable
reside v We reside in that house over there.
time
upright adj erect or vertical, as in position or posture Humans walk upright.
Our ancient ancestors are said to have been
dweller n a person who inhabits a particular place cave
dwellers.
The gypsy population is considered a nomadic
nomadic adj migratory
culture for they can never settle in one place.
Unit 42

We ensured our financial success by carefully

ensure v make certain
analyzing the stock markets.
We gave forage to the cows, because the grass
forage n food for livestock in
the field was gone.
The man gulped down the water quickly after
gulp v swallow hastily
being left in the desert for 3 days.
Injecting a needle is no easy task. You have to
injecting v put in by driving force
first find the vein.
The spear pierced the enemy so quickly, he died
pierce v force a way into
instantly.
We put a strainer on the water so we could get
strainer n a filter or sieve
clean water.
The armadillo has a natural armor to cover from
armour n anything that protects
dangerous predators.
The lawyer made a good defense for his
defense n resistance against assault defendant
in the trial.
routine n course of procedure It is routine for us to eat at least three meals a day.
prefer v choose rather than the other I prefer the red shoes, over the black ones.
One who habitually takes advantage of
The worm parasite is dangerous when it makes
the
parasites n its
generosity of others without making any
nest in your intestines.
useful return.
Cows are the best examples of herbivores for all
herbivores n An animal that feeds chiefly on plants.
they eat is grass.
As you can see, cows are constantly grazing the
grazing v to feed on growing grass and pasturage
grass for food.
Any of various predatory, flesh-eating However, the tiger is a carnivore, as it loves the
carnivores n
mammals taste of meat.
We humans are omnivores because we
An organism that eats both plants and
omnivores n consume
animals.
both meat and vegetation.
An animal that lives by capturing and
predators n The predator flew down to catch its prey.
eating other animals.
nests n A place affording snug refuge or lodging The birds built a nice nest to grow their young.
The male bird went out to find little twigs to
Any small, leafless branch of a woody
twigs n build
plant.
its nest with its spouse.
I was just free-floating in the water because the
free-floating adj capable of relatively free movement. water on my back and the sun shining down felt
so good.
scalding adj Causing a burning sensation The coffee was scalding hot.
Unit 43

descend v move downward Rain descends from the clouds above.

Food, water, and air are essential to the well-
essential adj absolutely necessary being
of a human.
harmful adj physical or moral injury Drinking poison is definitely harmful to your body.
There are few people in the world that can write
simultaneously adv operating at the same time
simultaneously with both hands.
Spraying cold water on someone will stimulate
stimulate v excite to action them
to shiver.
There is a necessity for humans to not only
necessity adj something essential to existence survive,
but to thrive as well.
hormone n any substance secreted from glands Hormones help regulate some of the bodily functions.
When you do crunch exercises, you are working
abdomen n the part between the thorax and pelvis out
your abdomen.
After your stomach digests all the food, it then
pushes the food to the intestines for
intestine n the bowel
disbursement
throughout the body.
You saliva is an enzyme that immediately starts
enzyme n a catalyst to metabolism
breaking down food,
a soft, fatty, vascular tissue in the interior The bone marrow transplant is critical for
marrow n cavities of bones that is a major site of people
blood cell production. who can’t produce their blood cells quickly.
either of a pair of bean-shaped organs in
the back part of the abdominal cavity that The two kidneys are found opposite from each
kidney n form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and other
electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine among the abdominal region.
glands.

a large, reddish-brown, glandular organ

located in the upper right side of the The liver cleans out all the impurities of the
liver n abdominal cavity, divided by fissures into blood,
five lobes and functioning in the secretion which is a very arduous task.
of bile and various metabolic processes.

the main trunk of the arterial system,

conveying blood from the left ventricle of The main artery that’s connected to the heart is
aorta n
the heart to all of the body except the the aorta.
lungs.
part or member of an animal body distinct The child hung on to his father’s limb like a
limb n
from the head and trunk monkey on a tree.
One of the small terminal branches of an The blood flows to the arterioles which lead to
arterioles n artery, especially one that connects with the
a capillary. capillaries.
one of the minute blood vessels between The capillaries are the conversion point from
capillaries n the terminations of the arteries and the artery
beginnings of the veins. to vein.
The venules are small veins that are connected
A small vein, especially one joining
venules n to a
capillaries to larger veins.
larger vein.
either of the two upper chambers on each
The two atriums of the heart pump the blood
side of the heart that receive blood from
atrium n from
the veins and in turn force it into the
the vein to the other two chambers of the heart.
ventricles.
The blood system is often called the circulatory
move or pass through a circuit back to the
circulatory adj system in which the blood flows in a circular
starting point
pattern.
Unit 44
The stomach has many digestive acids that
digestive adj act or process of assimilating food break
down food.
The man elongated the rope so that his partner
elongate v make longer, extend
could climb it up.
Many ancient gods were depicted from animals
entity n something that has real existence
and other entities.
It is always wise to have a diverse set of
nutrients n nourishment, food nutrients
for the body to maintain itself.
Thermos bottles insulate hot water from getting
insulate v to shield a material from heat, sound, etc..
cold.
If you apply electricity to a neuron, you will see
neuron n a nerve cell
a reaction.
aware of one’s existence, feelings, and The lazy boy really needs to make a conscious
conscious adj
thoughts effort to apply himself.
We bought facial makeup for Sally so she can
facial adj of the face
look pretty for the prom.
a vital part of a microscopic organism that The mitochondrion is an organelle in the cell
organelle n
does vital work that produces power.
disposal of waste matter from an organic
excrete v Animals excrete waste everyday.
body
a substance thought to be the essential
Chicken meat has high amounts of protein for
protein n nitrogenous component of all organic
the body to process.
bodies.
a person who is in charge of the records,
correspondence, minutes of meetings, and
secretaries n I left a memo for your secretary to give to you.
related affairs of an organization,
company, association
an attorney's assistant, not admitted to
The paralegal informed the lawyer of all his
paralegal n the practice of law but trained to perform
findings.
certain legal tasks.
any animal tissue that covers a surface, or
lines a cavity or the like, and that, in
The epithelial skin was moist from all the sweat
epithelial adj addition, performs any of various
the boy released.
secretory, transporting, or regulatory
functions.
cavities n A hollow; a hole. The kid had a cavity from eating too much candy.
a highly vascular, glandular, ductless organ,
situated in humans at the cardiac end of
the stomach, serving chiefly in the The man ruptured his spleen when he got
spleen n formation of mature lymphocytes, in the tackled
destruction of worn-out red blood cells, by his son.
and as a
reservoir for blood.

a pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to

One should drink plenty of water to clean out
the undersurface of the right lobe of the
gallbladder n the
liver, in which bile is stored and
gallbladder to avoid developing gallstones.
concentrated.
the comparatively straight, terminal You store all the bodies waste in the rectum
rectum n section of the intestine, ending in the before
anus. you release it out.
The soft, yet hard part of the tip of each bone
cartilaginous adj of or resembling cartilage. contains cartilaginous tissue, so that movement
would be smoother.

clear yellowish, slightly alkaline, coagulable

fluid, containing white blood cells in a
liquid resembling blood plasma, that is
lymph n derived from the tissues of the body and Lymph’s are large groups of white blood cells.
conveyed to the bloodstream by the
lymphatic
vessels.
Unit 45

Without any measuring tool, we can

approximately adv nearly correct or precise approximately
guess how much there is.
Larger animals tend to eat enormously to
enormously adv greatly exceeding the usual size maintain
their large size.
flexible adj easily bent The gymnast was very flexible.
We had to terminate the program because it
terminate v bring to an end
contained many flaws.
the part of the leg that is between the hip The thigh is responsible for lifting the leg to the
thigh n
and the knees body.
The 13” laptop is miniscule compared to the
miniscule adj small to relevance 17”
laptop.
permeate v seep through pores Sweat permeates from the skin when the body is hot.
After falling in an awkward way, the player was
told he tore his ligament. He couldn’t run for
ligament n a band of tissue that connects body parts
the
rest of the game.
tendon n a band of tough fibrous tissue A torn tendon can take months to recover.
The processor of a computer is intricately
intricate adj perplexingly tangled made.
It’s impossible to create with just bare hands.
As soon as you are 18 years old, you have
adulthood n having attained full size and strength reached
adulthood.
mandible n the bone of the lower jaw. Insect mandible
a bone in the human leg extending from
the pelvis to the knee, that is the longest,
femur n The large bone in your thigh is called the femur.
largest, and strongest in the body;
thighbone.
We need to make a perforation through the
bone
perforation n a hole made or passing through a thing. so that we may put a bolt to sustain the
position of
the bone itself.
The pelvis holds the bottom part of the
the basinlike cavity in the lower part of the
pelvis n abdominal
trunk
area intact.
sturdily adv strongly built; stalwart; robust The tree grew sturdily in size and in grandeur.
I cracked my scapula when the hammer hit my
scapula n shoulder blade
shoulder bone.
The girdle supports both the lower and the
the bony framework that unites the upper
girdle n upper
or lower extremities to the axial skeleton
region of the abdominal area.
skullcap n the dome of the skull The skullcap protects the brain.
Any of the bones or cartilaginous Humans have long vertebrae that contain the
vertebrae n
segments forming the spinal column. peripheral nervous system.
Unit 46

analyze v examine critically We already got a fax and he is analyzing it.

Blood circulates across the blood vessels in the
circulate v to move amongst a route
body.
He had to elaborate so that we could get a
elaborate adj worked out with great care better
picture of his idea.
Every organ integrated becomes the body as
integrate v form into a whole
a whole.
I had to locate the school on the map before I
locate v discover or describe the place
could drive over there.
The sensory security system picked up on the
sensory adj pertain to sensation
movement of the intruder.
The woman goes through contractions when
contraction n a shrinkage she
delivers the baby.
hemisphere n half of a sphere The brain has two hemispheres: Left and right.
The person with the heart problem went
cardiac adj pertain to the heart through
cardiac arrest.
rhythm n a movement characterized by equal beats The song had a typical rhythm and beat.
a building of exceptional height New York has many skyscraper buildings that
skyscraper n
completely supported by a framework seem to reach the sky.
The cerebral part of the brain is the biggest
of or pertaining to the cerebrum or the
cerebral adj part
brain.
of the
The brain. cortex uses surface area to
cerebral
The outer layer of gray matter that covers
cortex n maximize
the surface of the cerebral hemisphere.
brain effectiveness.
A subdivision of a bodily organ or part
There are four different lobes of the brain that
lobes n bounded by fissures, connective tissue, or
deal with different bodily activities.
other structural boundaries.
I had an impulse to call you to see how you
sudden, involuntary inclination prompting
impulse n were
to action
doing.
The trilobed structure of the brain that is
responsible for the regulation and
Without a cerebellum, we would not be able to
cerebellum n coordination of complex voluntary
maintain our balance.
muscular movement as well as the
maintenance of posture and balance.
It is important for doctors to understand the
anatomical adj of or pertaining to anatomy.
anatomical structure of their patients.
something that incites to action or We fed the brain some electrical stimuli to see
stimuli n exertion or quickens action, feeling, how
thought it would respond.
ring of interconnected structures in the
midline of the brain around the The limbic system is important for storing
limbic system n hypothalamus, involved with emotion and memor,
memory and with homeostatic regulatory and expressing emotion.
systems.

The part of the brain that lies below the

thalamus, functioning to regulate bodily A lot of the automatic functions of the body are
hypothalamus n
temperature, certain metabolic processes, controlled by the hypothalamus.
and other autonomic activities.
Unit 47

enable v make able The switch enables the light to come on.
In order to maintain a car, one must care for
maintain v preserve, keep in condition the
engine and interior.
In order to neutralize an acid, one could simply
neutralize v render inactive
add some base.
The fencer made a series of successive thrusts
successive adj following in order at
his opponent.
renew v make new again A good night’s sleep helps renew our strength.
We must grind the blocks of salt so we can
grind v subject to friction, to wear away
distribute them more easily.
A person who has a runny nose will produce a
the fused secreted from mucous
mucus n lot
membrane
of mucus.
dehydrate v to deprive of water After sweating so much, I felt dehydrated.
The scientist analyzed the fecal matter to
fecal adj pertains to feces
understand the diet of rabbits.
When heat increases, the absorption rate
absorption adj act of assimilation increases
as well.
the opening at the lower end of the
anus n alimentary canal, through which the solid We release all of our bile through the anus.
refuse of digestion is excreted.
We lubricated the engine so that it would run
lubricated v to make slippery or smooth
smoother.
a muscular passage connecting the mouth The food, after being swallowed, travels down
esophagus n or pharynx with the stomach in the
invertebrate and vertebrate animals; gullet. esophagus into the stomach.
a gland, situated near the stomach, that
secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine People who have diabetes have a damaged
pancreas n
through one or more ducts and also pancreas.
secretes the hormone insulin.
Any of numerous proteins or conjugated The enzymes help break down protein and
enzymes n proteins produced by living organisms and other
functioning as biochemical catalysts. chemical compounds.
chiefly adv primarily; essentially He was chiefly appointed to the high position.
Many scientists are still perplexed by the
an extended pouch found within the large
appendix n appendix.
intestines
It technically serves no real purpose.
semi- adj Partial; partially He drew a semi-circle.
When we eat cellulose, our bodies cannot
a polysaccharide that is the chief digest it,
cellulose n
constituent of all plant tissues and fibers so it just passes right through our digestive
system.
I found a passageway that leads to another
a way for passing into, through, or out of
passageway n room
something
behind the fireplace.
Unit 48

adjacent adj lying near or contiguous The store was adjacent to the street corner.
My three day absence was due to the fact that I
absence n period of being away
was sick.
His information ceases to exist on the computer.
cease v stop doing an action, come to rest
I can’t find it anywhere.
parallel adj in the same direction of The two roads run north, parallel to each other.
If you don’t have food, your chances for
survival n continuing to live survival
are
The low.
railroad was the power of locomotion
locomotion n the power to move from place to place during
the industrial era.
Tires have striate patterns to grip the ground
striate adj a groove or ridge
during precipitous weather.
Ligaments are connective tissue that connect
connective adj establish a junction bone
and muscle.
to combine through various fibers, and Material for clothes is interwoven during
interweave v
strands production..
The light bulb has a fine filament so the
filament n a fine threadlike fiber electricity
can burn to create light.
involuntarily adv independent of one's will When the doctor hit my knee, it jerked involuntarily
membranous sac or organ serving as a Before I use the restroom, I store all the urine in
bladder n
receptacle for a fluid or air. my bladder.
the enlarged, muscular, expandable
portion of the oviduct in which the
fertilized ovum implants and develops or The fetus is developed inside the uterus, until it
uterus n
rests during prenatal development; the is ready to come out.
womb of certain
mammals.
to adjust so as to ensure accuracy of The police officer was regulating the flow of
regulating v
operation traffic at the busy intersection.
The composition of an atom consists of
the act of combining parts or elements to
composition n protons,
form a whole.
neutrons, and electrons.
a mass of nerve cells in the brain or spinal The nuclei interpret the electrical message
nuclei n cord in which nerve fibers form before
connections. sending it off to the next nerve cell.
Any of the threadlike fibrils that make up Myofibrils are cylindrical organelles found
myofibrils n the contractile part of a striated muscle within
fiber muscle cells.
sacromere n smaller units of myofibrils Sarcomeres are divided into bands of filaments.
Myosin is important for your muscle to move
myosin n the principal contractile protein of muscle. and
bend.
lengthwise n in the direction of the length. The pants have to be shorter lengthwise.
Unit 49

The archer shot his arrow with great accuracy at

accuracy n correctness
the target.
The two children on the see-saw alternated the
alternate v following by turns up
and down motion.
The numbers are clearly discrete. That’s a six
discrete adj separate
and the other is a 9.
At school the ratio between males to females
ratio n the relation between two quantities was an
astounding two males to every five girls.
Any physical traits children have are hereditary,
hereditary adj passing naturally from parent to offspring given from their parents through genetic
mixture.
The eldest son was given all of his father’s
inheritance n to acquire by gift from succession
inheritance when he passed away.
The younger sibling is usually recessive to the
recessive adj tending to yield
older one.
The survival principle simply states you either
principle n a fundamental truth live
or you die.
The probability that the ball will land on the red
probability n likelihood
square is very slim.
The modern car is now equipped with a radio
modern adj the present or recent time and
air conditioning.
The genetic transmission of characteristics Physical appearance is a hereditary trait that’s
heredity n
from parent to offspring. passed from their parents DNA.
He used his brother’s leadership to govern the
govern v control
newly created city.
a right, immunity, or benefit enjoyed only Getting an education is a privilege not many
privilege n by a person beyond the advantages of people
most: can enjoy later in life.
The disappearance of their daughter shocked
the act or an instance of disappearing; a
disappearance n the
ceasing to be seen or to exist.
entire community.
capable of being easily perceived or
apparent adj It is apparent that you did not read the book.
understood
constantly adhering to the same Times are consistently changing due to
consistently adv
principles, course, form technological advances.
The product is still in its experimentation
the act, process, practice, or an instance of phase.
experimentation n
making experiments. We found there were more variables we had to
deal with.
To produce by the mating of individuals of One could crossbreed to create completely
crossbreeding v different breeds, varieties, or species; different
hybridize. species.
You’ll have to finish the book to know the
outcome n a final product or end result outcome
of it.
The body of rules and principles
It is clearly written in the law that you shouldn’t
law n governing the affairs of any form or
have done that.
system
Unit 50
Many cult and extremist movements usually
distort v twist out of shape, severely misinterpret come
about because someone distorts a doctrine.
I picked the colors randomly without paying
randomly adv out of casual selection
attention to detail.
In kung-fu, it is more important to know the
sequence n order of succession sequence of attacks than trusting in single
strikes.
Since my friend wasn’t there to teach class, I
substitution n in place of another was
here
Therefor
aresubstitution.
many variant changes that occur
variant adj tending to change when
a caterpillar
Opera and suchturnsarts
intowere
a butterfly.
the primrose to
primrose n devotion to pleasure upper
class society.
The word digital was originated from the Greek,
digital adj a finger or toe as children would count with their fingers and
toes.
webbed adj the skin connecting the toes Ducks have webbed feet.
Cancer cells are the mutagen comparative to
mutagen n the changed substance
normal cells.
Cancer is normal cells that have changed in
cancer n a malignant tumor their
genetic nature.
I had to abruptly stop his speech because of an
abruptly adv sudden or unexpected
emergency.
The dog put his paw in my hand as a sign of
paw n the foot of any animal.
obedience.
Any alterations to the system can cause a
alteration n a change; modification or adjustment
malfunction.
Any of various compounds consisting of a
The different combinations of nucleotides
nucleoside combined with a phosphate
nucleotides n create
group and forming the basic constituent
different strands of DNA.
of DNA and RNA.
constructive adj Serving to improve or advance We must be constructive to excel.
Excessive exposure to the sun can be
exposure n the act of exposing. dangerous to
your skin’s health.
Of or relating to the range of invisible
The ultraviolet rays from the sun can cause skin
ultraviolet adj radiation wavelengths from about 4
cancer.
nanometers
the process in which energy is emitted as The radiation leak from the nuclear power plant
radiation n
particles or waves. almost killed the local residents.
My dad used the insecticide to kill the ants in
insecticides n A chemical substance used to kill insects. the
garden.
We placed the heart in a preservative so that it
preservatives n Something used to preserve
could be cleaned and replaced.
Unit 51

measure in one direction, length, breadth,

dimension n A rectangle has two dimensions: length and width.
or thickness
Steroids enhance muscle growth in humans by
enhance v raise to a higher degree
increasing the recovery rate.
link n something that connects The fingerprint was the final link to the puzzle.
The company made radical changes because it
radical adj drastic
wanted a fresh start.
Honda’s have high reliability because they
reliability n dependability, trustworthy seldom
break down.
Let’s put up the Christmas ornaments on the
ornament n anything that beautifies or adorns tree,
honey.Claus is symbolic to children in that he
Santa
represents the gift giver of those who have
symbolic adj an object representing something else
been
good.
Cell phones are transmittal devices that send
transmittal adj send onward or along voice
information through waves.
forefront n foremost place or front The brave warrior was at the forefront of the fight.
The scary thing is most instantaneous food is
instantaneous adj done in a short interval of time
microwaveable.
It’s hard to analyze something when it is not
analyze v to examine critically
willing to interact.
capable of being heard; loud enough to
audible adj be Yes, you’re speaking loud enough to be audible.
heard I must convey a clear message to the members
to carry, bring, or take from one place to
convey v of
another
the jury that
Symbols are you
easyare not guilty. and even
to comprehend
Something that represents something else
symbols n easier
by association, resemblance, or convention
to misinterpret.
The European immigrants set up settlements to
settlements n A small community
fend off the natives.
of or pertaining to the post office or mail
postal adj We dropped our mail at the local postal service.
service
century n a period of 100 years We live in the twenty-first century.
We sent vital transmissions over the radio so
transmission n the act or process of transmitting people
would know of what happened.
subsequent adj occurring or coming later or after Eating is subsequent to preparation.
The automobile goes into motion as soon as I
the action or process of moving or of
motion n hit
changing place or position
the accelerator.
Unit 52

Building a concept is usually the first step to

concept n a mentally conceived image
making the real thing.
The teacher asked us for the context in which
context n setting in which something occurs the
author was writing.
We had to evaluate the damages from the car
evaluate v ascertain the value accident before we gave her the reimbursement
check.
something suggested or indicate without She finally understood my body language as an
implication n
expressing directly implication to flirting.
Instead of being selfish, why don’t you look at it
standpoint n point of view
from your brother’s standpoint?
crucial adj decisive, critical It is crucial that we do well on this test.
When we are debating over a topic, it is
required to
semantic adj pertains to meaning of language have a good sense of semantic knowledge of
your
opponent’s case.
Since we were underground, my cell phone had
interference n act of being obstructive a lot
of interference.
I checked my inbox to see if I had any emails
inbox n where one’s electronic mail is kept sent
to me.
presuppose v assume in advance I presuppose we’ll be having spaghetti for lunch.
We went through the TV channels for
a band of frequencies for sending or
channel n something
receiving signals
interesting to watch.
a social scientist who studies the Sociologists have theorized the problems that
sociologist n institutions and development of human drive
society  modern day society.
a social scientist who specializes in The anthropologist found traces of an ancient
anthropologist n
anthropology tribal civilization in Africa.
of, pertaining to, or concerned with The candidate ran for a political campaign for
political adj
politics presidency.
The psychologist came in to analyze the
psychologist n a specialist in psychology. mentally
ill patient.
The spy decoded the message and sent his
to translate from a code into the original
decoded v findings
language or form.
back to headquarters.
relying on someone or something else for She was dependent upon her parent’s finances,
dependent adj
aid, support when she went to college.
consideration or examination by
discussion n We led a long discussion on the topic of abortion.
argument, comment
The recipient of the prize goes to a person
recipient n a person or thing that receives named
Janice.
We incorporated the new computer system in
incorporate v to take in or include as a part or parts the
company.
Unit 53

appropriate v take possession of We gave the dog back to its appropriate owner
If we change one variable in a science
circumstance n factors influencing a decision experiment, there is a possibility that we have
changed the circumstance as well.
Since I didn’t understand the teacher, I asked
clarification n become clear
her for a clarification to the question.
I had to derive my hypothesis from my simple
derive v draw from a source
observations.
She placed a lot of emphasis on specific topics,
emphasis n stress laid upon anything
such as greed, and corruption.
Deciding when our next appointment will be is a
temporal adj pertains to time
matter of temporal judgement.
Analyzing art through aesthetics increases your
spatial adj pertains to existing in space
spatial intelligence.
Cars have gone through tremendous evolution
evolution n continuous modification seeing that companies are constantly upgrading
the design and engine.
It is wise to have a bigger scope in life so that
scope n outlook, intellectual range
you’ll have more opportunities.
cluster n a closely grouped number of things My mom brought home a cluster of grapes.
fashion v to give a particular shape or form to It was cut in a V-shaped fashion.
To express or pronounce with a broken,
gurgle v The baby gurgled happily.
irregular, bubbling sound
to utter the deep, guttural sound
grunt v He grunted in agreement..
characteristic of a hog.
We took body supplements to maintain all the
supply a deficiency, or reinforce or extend
supplement n vitamins and minerals our body needed to be
a whole
healthy.
of, pertaining to, or of the nature of It was instinctual for us to look for food, when
instinctual adj
instinct. we were hungry.
Since we were tight on time, we were all pretty
impatience n lack of patience.
impatient.
highly excitable; unnaturally or acutely He was overwhelmed with nervousness as he
nervousness n
uneasy or apprehensive stood up on stage.
apart from concrete realities, specific He abstracted the evidence from the overall
abstraction n
objects, or actual instances. report to create his own theory.
incomprehensible adj impossible to understand or comprehend He spoke so fast that is was incomprehensible.
Something that exists as a particular and Persons and corporations are equivalent entities
entities n
discrete unit under the law.
Unit 54

The internet is slowly becoming a conventional

conventional adj conforming to custom
means to global communication.
equate v state the equality of You can equate five pennies to one nickel.
The computer programmer was an expert in
expert adj having great knowledge or skill
analyzing computer codes.
It was obvious the fault lied in the foundation
obvious adj plainly seen or understood of
the house when the earthquake hit.
primary adj coming first The primary objective to a game is usually winning.
suffice v be enough, adequate The paper sufficed in meeting all the requirements.
authority n the right to control or command The president has much authority over the company.
the relation between a pitch and the The intonation of the instrument sounded like it
intonation n
accepted musical standard was out of tune.
a system of government to which things Our federal government is known for its
bureaucratic adj
are operated through administrators bureaucratic method of administration.
The history of our presidents and their written
archive n a place where documents are kept documents are placed in the national archives
in Washington D.C.
dispute n to engage in argument or debate. We must dispute the nature of the crime.
We need to get a transcription of today’s court
transcription n a transcript; copy.
hearing.
any system of characters or signs with
alphabet n Every language has a basic format of an alphabet.
which a language is written
any sound other than the sound of All the other letters besides the vowels are
consonant n
greatest sonority in the syllable considered consonants.
A, E, I, O, U are the five common vowels in the
vowel n the sound of greatest sonority
English language.
the practice or system of using certain
We use punctuation to emphasize the flow of
conventional marks or characters in
punctuation n the
writing or printing in order to separate
writing.
elements and make the meaning clear
designating or pertaining to a
pictographic script, particularly that of the
The Egyptians used hieroglyphics as their
ancient Egyptians, in which many of the
hieroglyphics n written
symbols are conventionalized,
system of language.
recognizable pictures
of the things represented.
the process or technique of improving or The study of mnemonics is important to the
mnemonics n
developing the memory. development of intelligence among humans.
The tribe of Levi was of the lineage of
priesthood n the condition or office of a priest. priesthood
in the bible.
You can manipulate your tongue to produce
tongue n manner or character of speech
various sounds.
Unit 55

a system of signals for secret Sign language is a form of code used by the
code n
communication listening impaired to communicate with others.
The goal statement constituted the prospect of
constitute v form as a necessary part
the company for the future.
Before we start building the table set, we read
manual adj a book of instructions
the instruction manual.
any evidence of someone or something
trace n I found no trace of evidence at the crime scene.
formerly present
My friend has a very versatile personality. He
versatile adj having ability in many different fields
can approach all kinds of people.
The police officer gestured us to keep moving
gesture n something said or done for effect only
in traffic.
The airplane landed on the tarmac as it arrived
tarmac n a paving substance used for roads
at the airport.
Listening to very loud music can make a person
deaf adj unable to hear
deaf.
mute adj unable to speak I was mute from yelling so much the other day.
There were a lot of onlookers as the magician
onlooker n spectator
performed on the street.
to emit air or breath suddenly, forcibly,
sneeze v and audibly through the nose and mouth His allergic reaction caused him to sneeze.
by involuntary, spasmodic action.
He shrugged because he didn’t have a clue
to raise and contract the shoulders,
shrug v what
expressing indifference, disdain
was being asked of him.
to contract the brow, as in displeasure or
frown v He frowned at the idea of pain.
deep thought
There was a barrier between the girl and boy.
barrier n any natural bar or obstacle
That barrier was the girl’s father.
a person who travels or has travelled in
traveler n The traveler visited all different kinds of places.
distant places or foreign lands.
The gorgeous woman was desirable to just
desirable adj worth having or wanting about
every manthe
You need in the room. skills to operate that
technical
technical adj skilled in or familiar in a practical way piece
of machinery.
The scientific method is a systematic way of
systematic adj given to or using method
performing experiments.
cued v anything that excites to action The director cued the stage men for the next scene.
A unit of sociopolitical organization
consisting of a number of families,
The tribes met together once a year as a sign of
clans, or other groups who share a
tribes n good friendship, and to honor their similar
common ancestry and culture and
ancestry.
among whom leadership is typically
neither formalized nor permanent.
Unit 56

After my sister scared me, my awareness to my

awareness n to be alert
surrounding shot up.
I use to go to the beach and create sand castles
create v bring into being
in the sand.
that of which anything is in party Creeping up on someone silently is the basic
element n
composed element of surprise.
to a people distinguished by race,
ethnic adj My ethnic race is Korean.
language, etc.
Older people almost always think the younger
ignorance n having little or no knowledge
generation is suffering from ignorance.
The tone of the opera singer was beautiful as
tone n any resonant sound she
sang her song.
She deliberately spilt her milk just to grab her
deliberate adj reflect carefully, considerably
mother’s attention.
stereotype n something conforming to a standard patter Asian people having small eyes is a rude stereotype
One aspect to looking at the current war is to
one way in which a thing may be viewed
aspect n see
or perceived
how your enemies view it.
tendency adj disposition to act in a particular way He has an outgoing tendency when he’s in public.
I observed the little child’s behavior to
observe v to see, watch, perceive, or notice determine
what psychological disorder he might have.
to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge I can only infer from the evidence that you are
infer v
from premises or evidence correct.
Everyone paid their respects to the man who
esteem for or a sense of the worth or
respect n saved
excellence of a person
them all.
nonverbal communication consisting of Public speakers know how to use kinesics to
kinesics n body movements, gestures, facial their
expressions, and eye contact advantage.
Sometimes nonverbal expressions are more
nonverbal adj without speech powerful
than spoken words.
They’ve been married for 20 years now. I would
marital adj pertain to marriage say
their marital status is healthy.
As the club got popular, membership shot up
the state of being a member, as of a
membership n as
society or club.
well.
He had a speech impediment that made it
impediment n obstruction; hindrance; obstacle difficult
for him to speak in public.
While the main group has a broad objective,
each
subgroup n a subordinate group
subgroup works on different parts of that broad
objective.
The Nazi party, during World War II, believed in
the belief in the inherent superiority of a strong sense of ethnocentrism, thinking that
ethnocentrism n
one's own ethnic group or culture. blonde hair, blue eyes were the superior genetic
traits.
Unit 57

a position or manner indicative of feeling, Exercising in the morning can change your
attitude n opinion, or intention toward a person or attitude
thing for the rest of the day.
Honesty is always a good attribute to have in a
attribute v consider as belonging
relationship.
You can only circle male or female when you
gender n the classification of sex get to
the gender question.
illustrate v make clear with example Can you illustrate for me a cat on the blackboard?
We must facilitate all prison inmates with a
facilitate v make easier decent
way of living.
multiple adj having many parts There are multiple flavors to that candy bar.
ensue v follow in order Two must ensue after one.
My mother always tells me to have good body
posture n bodily position
posture.
The scared man feigned death as the bear
feign v pretend
approached him.
aggression adj an act of hostility Most angry people have problems with aggression
awareness n alert; knowledgeable Once you feel scared, your awareness shoots up.
the condition of a person or thing, as
state n I am in a state of peril. The enemy is all around me.
with respect to circumstances or attributes
the position of an individual in relation to
status n What is your status soldier? Is everyone else ok?
another or others
You need to do your tire alignment so that the
alignment n An arrangement or positioning tires
won’t lose their tread.
stock n investment It is wise to save your money and invest in stocks.
The stubborn man’s unwillingness made it hard
unwillingness n not willing; reluctant; loath; averse for
people to befriend him.
to rise above or go beyond; overpass;
transcend v His wise words transcended our hearts.
exceed
Warring nations usually show large amounts of
aggression n hostile or destructive behavior or actions.
aggression towards each other.
The big man put the drunken person in
submission n an act or instance of submitting submission
so that he wouldn’t hurt anyone.
to open the mouth somewhat involuntarily
The bear let out a big yawn, showing that he
with a prolonged, deep inhalation and
yawn n was
sighing or heavy exhalation, as from
tired.
drowsiness or boredom.
Unit 58
I had to acquaint myself with my new team
acquaint v make familiar with mates
beforegraduating
After I could start working
with with them.
a computer science
adept n one who has attained proficiency degree,
Chris was adept at programming.
The lawyer had to ascertain the suspect’s story
ascertain v find out by examination with
questions to pry at the truth.
The mother had a disdained look on her face
when
disdain v look down upon
she saw her little son rummaging through the
trash.
Sex is always a subtle topic when it comes to
subtle adj delicate refined parents
talking about it to children.
They say the sword was forged in the mystical
forge v shape out in any way realm
of the elves.
The civil court cannot place judgment on
venue n the jurisdiction of a court criminal
cases. It’s out of their venue.
trivial adj of little importance Don’t worry. That trivial fact won’t be on the test.
The two opponents exchanged pleasantries
pleasantry n banter before
they met in the ring.
It is wise for actors to rehearse their parts
rehearse v practice for public performance before
the actual performance.
happening v of occurrence or event. I happened to turn around when you showed up.
a person who is receiving the benefits, The client paid for his benefits through the
client n
services insurance company.
His argument was so engaging that everyone
engaging v to occupy the attention or efforts felt
compelled to speak.
diner n a person who dines. The waitress served food to the two diners.
freedom from the demands of work or
leisure n We watch TV at our leisure.
duty
steady adj even or regular in movement We talked in a slow steady pace.
a fixed compensation periodically paid to
His salary increased as his performance at work
salary n a
improved.
person for regular work or services.
a person with the ability or power to use,
master n The master taught his pupils all he knew.
control, or dispose of something
In the past decade, we faced some of the most
decade n a period of ten years
difficult human conflicts.
the ceremony of conferring degrees or His graduation ceremony congratulated over a
graduation n
diplomas hundred students.
Unit 59

I appreciate my mother taking care of me so

appreciate v recognize the worth of many
times.
On one instance, the girl leaned over and
instance n an event that is one of many kissed
the boy.
I had to perceive more than that met the eye
become aware of through the senses or
perceive v when
the understanding
it comes to solving riddles.
This work project took a lot of time and energy
project n a plan or scheme to
complete.
The answer was derived from another similar
derive v deduce, infer
looking equation.
hysterical adj one subject to violent emotional outbreaks The man laughed hysterically and scared us.
sensual adj carnal, pertains to the senses Sex is a very physical and sensual activity.
discord n lack of agreement After a long battle, a discord still existed.
July 4th is celebrated to commemorate the
commemorate v honor the memory of in a formal manner
independence of this country.
It is an art to be able to understand the process
art n the application of knowledge and skill
of things.
utilized v to put to use; turn to profitable account We utilized all the resources for our profit.
the sum total of the physical, mental, His personality was quite eccentric when it
personality n emotional, and social characteristics came
of an individual to interacting with others.
This marked the end of the disastrous era in
a period of time marked by distinctive
era n human
character, events
history.
Something that occupies a position or
His brother wore a small while his other brother
medium n represents a condition midway between
wore a large. He wore a medium.
extremes.
storytelling v the telling or writing of stories. He was good at storytelling to young kids.
cinema n A film or movie. We went to the cinema to watch the new movie.
the purging of the emotions or relieving
You must be at a state of catharsis when you’re
catharsis n of
dealing with the judgement of others.
emotional tensions
The sport of golf can be quite elitist at time,
elitist n practice of or belief in rule by an elite.
because only certain members can play.
evoke v to call up or produce It is dangerous to evoke the dead spirits.
of, pertaining to, or concerned with the We must strive to be moral beings so that we
moral n principles or rules of right conduct or can
the distinction between right and wrong all live peacefully.
Unit 60

When approaching an intersection, one must

differentiate v make or observe a difference
differentiate the green light to the red light.
significant adj the real or implied meaning His girlfriend had a significant place in his heart.
Apparently, the king has a higher status than his
status n relative standing
subjects.
To clean your teeth properly, you must undergo
undergo v be subjected to
an intense brushing process.
There was a lot of note variation in Beethoven’s
variation n the act of change or modification
music.
When women reach a certain age, they feel the
espouse v take in as a spouse urge
to espouse.
In the medieval era, power was exchanged not
through a democratic method, but through
kinship n of family relationship
blood
and kinship.
a matter used to change the color of
dye n I used dye to turn my hair from black to blonde.
something else
tense n stretched tight When I get nervous, my muscles tense up.
the vocabulary of terms peculiar to a The old college professor used difficult
terminology n
particular subject terminology. I couldn’t understand him.
acquaintance with facts, truths, or
In school, we gain the knowledge to become
knowledge n principles, as from study or investigation;
smarter.
general erudition
something believed; an opinion or
belief n It is my belief that God exists.
conviction
The role of the parents is to take care of the
role n a part or character played
children.
custom n a habitual practice It is custom for males to pursue the females.
an acquired behavior pattern regularly
habit n followed until it has become almost Some habits are hard to overcome.
involuntary
Using proper English grammar is difficult
the study of the way the sentences of a
grammar n because
language are constructed
of all the exceptions and rules.
The young boy aspired to become a doctor like
aspire v to long, aim, or seek ambitiously his
father.
the habits, attitudes, tastes, moral
standards, economic level that together His lifestyle was horrible. His room was trashy,
lifestyle n
constitute the mode of living of an and he didn’t take care of himself well.
individual or group.
the surroundings or environment of
setting n The setting of the play was downtown London.
anything
It is important to have a good vocabulary when
vocabulary n the words of a language.
discussing in depth topics.
Unit 61

You have to be very accurate if you want to hit

accurate adj correct, true the
center of the target.
Abraham Lincoln achieved greatness for the
achieve v execute successfully deeds
he accomplished as president.
We must define our terms so that we can
define v sets the limits of understand
each other.
the same in magnitude, meaning, and
equivalence n Four quarters has the equivalence of a dollar.
effect
There are so many nuances to fashion. It’s hard
nuance n shade of difference to
keep up with it.
When you read this book, don’t analyze it for its
overtone n additional meaning face value you. Try looking for the overtone in
which the author is conveying.
Your brother is disparate from you because he’s
disparate adj essentially different
quiet and you’re loud.
‘He kicked the bucket’ is an idiom for someone
idiom n a form of expression peculiar to a language
who just died.
Silk is a fine material that is easily interwoven
interwoven v to weave together into
lovely garments.
imitation n the act of counterfeit It’s not real gold. It’s only an imitation.
to change something into a different form How can we convert this into efficient usable
convert v
or properties energy?
in accordance with, involving, or being the
literal adj primary or strict meaning of the word or I was shocked that he took my words literally.
words
a grayish red-brown to dark blackish-
burgundy adj The burgundy colored bag.
purple color
mauve adj a pale bluish purple. The mauve colored dress.
intent n purpose; intentional What is the intent of the author when he wrote this?
esulting from originality of thought,
creative adj We need to be creative when we’re creating art.
expression
corresponding v similar in position, purpose, form He was corresponding the information to his leader.
the ability, coming from one's knowledge,
skill n He had a lot of skill in his job.
practice, aptitude to do something well
We need to judge the sensitivity of the
sensitivity n The quality or condition of being sensitive. equipment to
get an accurate reading.
Consequently, the result from his actions
consequently adv as a result, effect, or outcome weren’t
pleasant.
Unit 62

Modern military is organized with a hierarch of

hierarchy n a body of persons organized by rank
higher and lower ranks.
We must identify the problem so that we can
identify v recognize as being particular come
to a solution.
As the teacher, I initiate the conversation with a
initiate v begin
question so my students can discuss.
The advertisement tried to promote the latest
promote v encourage the growth cell
phone.
The wise man had great perception in dealing
perception n the act of perceiving with
difficult matters.
The ‘thumbs up’ gesture is a universal sign for
universal n pertains to the universe
‘good job’.
making musical notes by forcing air
whistle n Whistle while you work. It’ll help pass the time.
through a pursed area
The class was silent because no one knew the
silent v making no sound right
answer.
foreign adj relating to other countries Sony is a foreign electronics company.
The framework for the Constitution was set up
framework n an outline or basic plan so
that no one branch had too much power.
There were many categories of classes to
categories n any general or comprehensive division choose
from.
anchored v A source of security or stability. His thoughts were anchored by the truth.
The political parties are set up so the voice of
a group gathered for a special purpose or
parties n many could be represented rather than the
task
individual.
I could understand the pain he was going
conveying, or representing in words, art,
expressions n through
music, or movement
by his facial expressions.
The professor used many pauses so that the
pauses n To cease or suspend an action temporarily. students
could digest what he was telling them.
Only fate can tell if he was destined for the
fate n something that unavoidably befalls a perso
consequences.
receiving, enduring, or submitting without He stood passively. Many thought it was a sign
passively adv
resistance of weakness.
compassionate or kindly forbearance
mercy n He showed mercy to the losers.
shown toward an offender
foster v to promote the growth or development of We must foster the growth of the smaller nations.
He addressed some of the issues the company
address v to direct to the attention was
facing.
Unit 63

Cockroaches adapt very quickly to their

adapt v make suitable surroundings, hence, why you can find them just
about anywhere.
The professor demonstrated circular motion by
demonstrate v describe by visual example
swinging a rope around.
generate v bring into life The body naturally generates a lot of heat.
The criminal was so hungry that was enough of
motive n a mental force that induces an act a
motive for him to steal.
He has so much potential, but he just doesn’t
something that has the possibility of
potential n apply
becoming actual
himself.
something undertaken: a project, a
Microsoft has become a huge enterprise for
enterprise n mission,
businessmen to invest in.
etc..
The injury is detrimental to your health if you
detrimental adj an injury or loss
don’t try to fix it.
Schools are getting expensive for one person to
financial adj management of monetary affairs pay
for their own. So try looking for financial help.
The number one movie was popular among the
popular adj generally liked
younger crowd.
The romantic guy brought a rose to his lover
romantic adj given into sentimental or amorous feelings
during class.
The British parliament is setup in two houses:
the legislature of certain British colonies
parliament n the
and possessions
house
The of commons,
governor and the house
gave licensing rights of
to lords.
the
licensing adj permission to do or not to do something. bureau
to allow the rights to hunting.
You have to pay a small fee in order to drive on
fee n a sum paid or charged for a privilege
the toll way
The time span in which he was late was about
span n to extend or reach over an
hour.
The advent for Christ’s return is often viewed as
advent n a coming into place, view, or being; arrival
the apocalypse in some Christian circles.
Some of this new age stuff doesn’t make any
classics n basic; fundamental sense.
The best comes from the classics.
Some national holidays originated from some
religious adj imbued with or exhibiting religion
religious institution.
a story or account of events, experiences,
narrative n I wrote a narrative about a young boy and his dog.
or the like
the action or process of forming such
imagination n Use your imagination when you draw.
images or concepts.
any comic or humorous incident or series Comedies are nice to watch when you want
comedies n
of incidents. something to perk up your day.
Unit 64

animate v give life to I animated a character as I drew him on paper.

Two cars going fast can create enough impact
impact n the striking of one body against another to
kill the
We drivers.
must analyze every perspective before we
perspective n point of view can
cast judgement.
revolve v move about the center The Earth revolves around the Sun.
The student surpassed the teacher, when the
surpass v be greater than student
beat him at his own game.
King George’s coronation was beautiful. All of
coronation n the crowning of a king or queen
England watched him become king.
axis n the line about which a rotating body turns The earth spins on its axis in 24 hour increments.
The death of the great leader was broadcasted
broadcast n widely published on
every channel.
The moon landing was a great feat for the US
landing n a place where persons or goods are landed
space program.
The audience applauded as the show came to
audience n an assembly of spectators an
end.
An event, usually for the benefit of a
The county fair is a wonderful event where the
fair n charity or public institution, including
entire county gets together in celebration.
entertainment and the sale of goods
hundredfold n a hundred times as great or as much. What you did for me, I will return a hundredfold.
the person responsible for the interpretive
The director based the film on a tragic event in
director n aspects of a stage, film, or television
history.
production
The sitcom was based on the humorous events
a humorous drama based on situations
sitcom n of
that might arise in day-to-day life
married life.
hand clapping as a demonstration of
They applauded the orchestra for their beautiful
applause n approval, appreciation, acclamation, or
music presentation.
the like.
He magician had a dramatic entrance so he
Characterized by or expressive of the
dramatic adj could
action or emotion
grab the audience’s attention.
The Olympic Games are the perfect time for
countries to show off the best talents their
Olympic adj of or pertaining to the Olympic Games
country
has to offer.
A soccer tournament held every four years
Every four years, all the nations get together to
in which qualifying national teams
world cup n play the universal game of soccer in the World
compete
Cup.
to determine a world champion.
The student surpassed the teacher after many
surpass v to go beyond in excellence or achievement years
of hardwork.
The soundtrack to the movie is available at your
soundtrack n the sound recorded on a motion-picture fi
nearest music store.
Unit 65

diversity n variety There’s a lot of diversity at a multi-ethnic school.

If you drink a lot of water, you can expand the
expand v increase in extent
size of your stomach.
objective n goal The objective to this game is to win.
The neighbourhood was restricted to watering
restrict v attach limitations to their
plants to only Sundays.
It is vital that your grandfather receives a heart
vital adj essential to existence
transplant. He has a weak heart.
The pamphlet that was being passed around
pamphlet n a small printed tract told
us how
The to getdisseminated
marbles rich in 2 months.
across the deck of
disseminate adj scatter abroad the
ship when the child dropped them.
All the affairs in the white house are being
affair n a matter requiring attention or effort recorded
so the public will be aware of what goes on.
detention n prevent from proceeding The inmate was put in detention for starting a fight.
The word that there would be no school
circulate v move amongst people tomorrow
circulated among the students quickly.
After a full recovery, the man decided to live a
vibrant adj vigorous; energetic more
vibrant life than being bed-ridden.
During the fair, there were many booths setup
a small, temporary structure used by
booth n for
voters at elections.
people to be entertained.
attest v to bear witness to The witness attested to the murder.
To protect children from harmful media, the
censorship n deleting parts of publications
government called for media censorship.
The problem was so large that it created a sense
the state, condition, or quality of being
immediacy n of
immediate.
immediacy.
Many countries want to remain neutral when
not aligned with or supporting any side or
neutral n other
position in a controversy
nations go to war with each other.
mere adj being nothing more nor better than It was a mere diversion.
We must generate more revenue if the
the return or yield from any kind of
revenue n company is
property, patent, service
to run efficiently.
an investigation of the component parts
With a body analysis, we may now know what
of
analysis n is
a whole and their relations in making up
wrong with you.
the whole
a form of government in which the
supreme power is vested in the people
The United States government is setup as a
democracy n and exercised directly by them or by
democracy.
their elected agents under a free electoral
system.
Unit 66

There were many sponsors that contributed to

contribute v give with others as a charity the
charity event.
Knowledge is infinite. There is always something
infinite adj without limit
new to learn.
The dating service allows people to interact
interact v act on each other or one another with
others
It easily. procedure that we take our shoes
is standard
off
procedure n customary process
when we go into the metal detector in the
airport.
move or convey from one place to His suit case was transferred to the next flight
transfer v
another because the carriers missed it the first time.
a separate part of division of a complex The department of transportation is responsible
department n
system for your driver’s license renewal.
The computer network consisted of four
anything of intersecting lines resembling a
network n computers
net
connected together.
commercial n suitable or designed for sale The program is now available for commercial sale.
route n a course or line of travel We took the quicker route through the highway.
The reason why your internet is not working is
connection n a state of being associated closely because there is no connection between your
computer and the router.
The physicist measured the velocity of the
physicist n a scientist who specializes in physics.
spacecraft that was heading to space.
A collection of data arranged for ease and The company has vast amounts of databases to
databases n
speed of search and retrieval. store information.
a computer that makes services, as access
We have to run the server 24 hours because
to data files, programs, and peripheral
server n people
devices, available to workstations on a
go online at different times of the day.
network.
to bring to or make of an established The standardized test reflects the status quo of
standardize adj standard size, weight, quality, strength, or the
the like nation’s intelligence.
query n a question; an inquiry. We have a query for you.
A set of coded instructions that enables a There are many programs that let you do all
programs n machine, especially a computer, to sorts
perform a desired sequence of operations. of different things on your computer.
A collection of related data or program
files n records stored as a unit with a single Search your hard drive for your lost files.
name.
a software program that allows the user to
The browser allows you to venture through the
browser n find and read encoded documents in a
internet.
form suitable for display
A computer or program that can
download files for manipulation, run
You need to subscribe as a client to use that
clients n applications, or request application-based
servers services.
services from a
file server.
a document connected to the World Wide There are many webpages with useful
webpage n Web and viewable by anyone connected information
to the internet who has a web browser on the internet.
Unit 67

curiosity n a state of being inquisitive The cat’s curiosity caused it to wander off again.
excavate v dig into The scientists excavated the area for dinosaur bones.
We made an inquiry to the oracle in hopes of a
inquiry n search for information
spiritual answer.
Nations go to war so that they can preserve
preserve v keep safe or free from harm their
own lives. was prompt to bringing out our
The waiter
prompt adj quick to act drinks
because
We had towecensure
were really
the thirsty.
rough draft because
censure n reprove there
were a lot of mistakes.
canine n a long, pointed tooth Dogs have canines to bite their victim.
We bought a bulk set of toilet paper to last us
bulk adj a large quantity the
entire year.
The wedding dress code is formal: Business suit
formal adj adhearing to establish form
and tie.
proof n evidence that establishes a fact I need proof that you did not commit that crime.
not hesitating or fearful in the face of
boldly adv He boldly stated his own ideas for the project.
actual or possible danger or rebuff
a natural process resulting in the evolution Natural selection states that the strong survive,
natural selection n of organisms best adapted to the and
environment the weak are killed off.
A mammal of the order Primates
characterized by refined development of
Evolution states that humans evolved from
primates n the hands and feet, a shortened snout,
primates.
and a
large brain. The pressure of the earth fossilized the
replace organic with mineral substances in
fossilized v dinosaur
the remains of an organism.
remains in good condition.
bipedal adj Having two feet; two-footed. Human are bipedal walking mammals.
Genus is another classification method to get
a class or group of individuals, or of
genus n more
species of individuals.
specific about a group of living things.
The portion of the vertebrate central
nervous system that is enclosed within the
cranium. It is the primary center for the
regulation and control of bodily activities,
receiving and interpreting sensory The brain is responsible for all of the body’s
brain n
impulses, and transmitting information to activity.
the muscles and body organs. It is also
the seat of consciousness, thought,
memory, and
emotion.
Palaeontologists discovered some remains of
palaeontologists n a specialist in palaeontology what
looked like the first human tribe.
When he hit his head against the rock he
cranial adj pertaining to the cranium or skull. created
some cranial damage.
They found the first traces of the Neanderthal
of or pertaining to Neanderthal man or
Neanderthal adj man
the ancient ancestor of humans.
in a frozen cave in Europe.
Unit 68

There are a lot of criteria to be met when it

criteria n a standard for comparison comes
to getting an A in the class.
We have to work efficiently if we want to make
efficiently adj adequate in performance a
lot of cars in one day.
Scaring little babies can permanently damage
permanently adj lasting their
behavior towards strangers.
My grandmother’s necklace is the only remnant
remnant n a small reminder I
haveneed
You of her
toafter
staveshe
offdied.
the grass because the
stave n avert, keep off sign
said so.
We acquired a lot of money through our last
acquire v obtain, gain
investment.
We need to try to preserve the wildlife because
wild, undomesticated animals living in
wildlife n all
their natural habitat
this pollution will eventually kill off everything,

Humans have lived long because of their

intelligence
has caused them to adjust to their surroundings.
adaptation n alter to fit
And
to believe intelligence is in itself an adaptation
capability, who would have thought?
ritual n a prescribed form or manner It is a Catholic ritual to attend Mass.
Many ancient civilizations believed in a fertility
fertility n producing offspring
god who would grant them children.
the total number of persons inhabiting a The population of the United States is growing
population n
country, city, or any district or area. rapidly.
The physiological adaptation of an animal Cockroaches have an amazing acclimatization
or plant to changes in climate or to
acclimatization n
environment, such as light, temperature, their surroundings. They can survive just about
or altitude. anything.
overworking v To force to work too hard or too long. Workaholics have a bad tendency of overworking
Being abandoned by his owner, the sick dog
not having enough food to develop or
malnourishment n had
function normally
a long list
Because heofhadn’t
malnourishment.
eaten in several days, the
the act or state of starving; extreme
starvation n man
hunger
was facing starvation.
a certain quantity or amount of one thing
I don’t want a credit card because of the high
rates n considered in relation to a unit of another
interest rate.
thing and used as a standard or measure
I extended his warranty just in case something
extended v continued or prolonged
happened to it.
period n any specified division or portion of time We had to wait for a long period of time.
impulse n a psychic drive or instinctual urge. I had a sudden impulse to buy that $300 bag.
having qualities traditionally ascribed to
feminine adj The gay man had many feminine traits about him.
women
Unit 69

ignore v pass by without notice Just ignore my sister when she bothers you.
Many governments use propaganda to
manipulate
manipulate v handle with skill the populations mind to however the
government sees
fit.
My mom cooked the most delicious meal. I
replicate v to reproduce with an exact copy wonder
if my wife can
Agriculture hasreplicate
been anitimportant
just the same.
part of
human
agriculture n cultivation of the ground to raise food life because it provided humans with a
consistent
means of food.
The straight A student received the scholastic
scholastic adj pertains to education
award in school.
It was painstaking to do, but it had to be done
painstaking adj very careful
right the first time.
If you do research in biology, in the end all
an element in a cell, that deals with the humans
gene n
transmission of hereditary material are made up of genes handed down from their
parents.
one versed in the principles and practices
The engineer found a new way of burning fuel
engineer n of making practical application of scientific
more efficiently.
knowledge
Our predecessors contributed much to the
one who preceded another in the same
predecessor n expansion
position
of the country.
The chemical gave a creepy mutation where
mutation n a sudden change in characteristic
humans turned into monsters.
advances v to move or bring forward He advanced rapidly in the company.
The man downtown looked sophisticated but
humble adj low in rank, importance, status, quality was
actually
We verytohumble.
will go the village and see what we can
village n A small group of dwellings in a rural area do
the study of the microscopic appearance to help.
In order to understand cells, one must study
cytology n of
cytology.
cells
an extremely long macromolecule that is
DNA
the main component of chromosomes and DNA evidence is the strongest evidence in a
(deoxyribonucleic n
is the material that transfers genetic criminal investigation.
acid)
characteristics in all life forms
of the nature of a problem; doubtful;
problematic adj If we don’t fix this now, it will be problematic later.
uncertain; questionable.
curing v To restore to health. The doctor is curing his health.
to deteriorate, disintegrate, fall, or become
rotting v Time is slowly rotting away my life.
weak due to decay
conviction n a fixed or firm belief. I have a strong conviction that this is the truth.
to clear, as of an accusation; free from The wrongfully accused man had been granted
exoneration n
guilt or blame exoneration for the crime.
Unit 70

acknowledge v admit the existence of The U.S. acknowledges the problem of terrorism.
We had to distribute life jackets to the boat
distribute v spread out or give out accident
victims.
The survivors endured a lot of hardships out in
endure v undergo, sustain the
deserted island.
I showed a lot of prejudice when I approached
an opinion formed without adequate him
prejudice n
reason thinking he was stupid and dumb, when in fact
he was very intelligent..
The mother scorned her son for digging
scorn n contempt, disdain through
the messy trash.
Quantitative measurements analyze how much
quantitative adj relating to quantity of measurement of
something you have.
justifiable adj defensible His reasoning made his actions justifiable.
I had a dialogue with my teacher because of my
dialogue n conversation between two or more people
grades.
Climbing the mountain was a great endeavor
endeavor v exert oneself to do something for
In
thethe mid 1900’s, the US Supreme Court
climbers.
treat differently on the basis of race, class, reviewed
discriminatory adj
sex, etc.. many discriminatory civil cases in regards to
race.
The angry wife was acting contentious towards
contentious adj tending to argument or strife her
husband.
Proceeding from or taking place in a Many people never subjectively see past their
subjectively adv person's mind rather than the external own
world problems.
The murderer was notoriously written about in
notoriously adv widely and unfavorably known
the news column.
My mother, who loves gardening, is a natural
botanist n a specialist in botany.
botanist.
Furthermore, I would like to add that pizza is
furthermore adj moreover; besides; in addition being
served in the cafeteria.
an advantage or source of pleasure
privilege n It was a privilege to meet you, Mr. Mayor.
granted to a person
The man vilified his enemy by shouting insults
vilified v to speak ill of; defame; slander at
A public meeting place for open him.
forum n We opened the forum for debate.
discussion.
to behave or perform in a particular way
handle v Can you handle that much work?
when handled, directed, managed
An especially significant or interesting The teacher highlights all the important clues in
highlights n
detail or event. the text.
Unit 71

My teacher must be very coherent if he is to

coherent adj be logically consistent teach
children in a clear manner.
The judges all had a concurrent opinion
concurrent adj agree in opinion because
they all cast the same vote.
I encountered many difficult challenges in the
encounter v meet by chance
iron-man course.
King Arthur and his knights had many exploits.
exploit n a notable achievement These included saving damsels in distress, and
slaying beasts and monsters.
There was a substitution of players when the
substitution n in place of another star
playerthe
Since gotdiscovery
injured. of the prehistoric human
skeleton, anthropology has become a science
anthropology n the general science of human beings
of
interest among many people.
To solve this mystery, the investigation team had
interconnect adj to connect with one another to
interconnect all the evidence to find a solution.
Dolphins are one of the most intelligent marine
intelligent adj quick to understand
creatures. It’s easy to train them.
It is paramount that we find the lost victims
paramount adj superior to all others
before it becomes too late.
I didn’t plan on a public speech, so I had to
improvise v act without preparation
improvise.
to fail to understand or interpret rightly
misunderstood v The lonely boy was misunderstood by his peers.
the words or behavior of.
His encouraging words had a binding affect on
binding v To tie or secure
the once resenting crowd.
to declare or tell in advance; prophesy;
predict v I predicted the outcome accurately.
foretell
He reacted joyfully to the news of his new born
react v to act or perform again.
baby.
accordingly adv in accordance; correspondingly. He waited accordingly for his wife’s instructions.
Caucasian adj peoples having light to fair skin Most Americans are Caucasian.
exemplified v to show or illustrate by example. His good deeds exemplified his great personality.
to assist to travel through, or reach a
destination in, an unfamiliar area, as by
guide n He guided the tourist through cave.
accompanying or giving directions to the
person
His moves seemed natural, as if he were made
natural adj existing in or formed by nature to
move that way.
worship n to pay great honour to I will worship and give praise to my God.
Unit 72

There is written document of the existence of

document n a written record of statement
philosophical ideas.
Science is empirical in that, through its
empirical adj derived from experience methods,
we are able to visibly see fact from fiction.
There are some scientists that say humans
evolve v form gradually evolved
from monkeys.
We have to all participate in the school’s
participate v take part in something
homecoming rally.
There was sufficient evidence to send the
sufficient adj adequate enough
criminal to prison.
Colonial life was rough in the early 1700’s.
colonial adj pertains to a colony Then again, living in a place far from civilization
has to be difficult in general.
one sent to spread a religion or
Spain sent many missionaries to present day
missionary n philosophy in a foreign land or to persons
Mexico to convert the natives to Christianity.
not of the same persuasion
The soldier, during combat, has much fieldwork,
work done in the field; research, surveying,
fieldwork n whether it be actual combat, or neutralizing a
etc..
zone.
During the peace negotiations, mediators from
one who effects agreements between both sides came up for resolutions to ending
mediator n
others the
conflict.
The man wanted to revenge on the man who
revenge v inflict punishment because of killed
his wife.
Will the new participants wait for the next
participant n someone who takes part in an activity event to
come up?
We compared our observations about the
an act or instance of noticing or
observation n eating
perceiving.
habits of children.
centralized v to draw to or gather about a center. In a dictatorship, power is centralized in one person.
We need a strong leadership to guide us
leadership n the position or function of a leader through
turbulent times.
rough or injurious physical force, action, or
violence n He used violence to force people to do his bidding.
treatment
That school has strong rivalries with the other
rivalries n The act of competing or emulating. school in the same district, to see who is better
in every aspect.
armed conflict between two massed
warfare n Nuclear arms are used in modern warfare.
enemies, armies, or the like.
to present, execute, or do in a poor or The perpetrator was apprehended for stealing
perpetrator n
tasteless manner purses.
The problem escalated into a bigger problem
escalated v to increase in intensity, magnitude when
we didn’t fix it the first time.
We have many conflicts with children who are
conflicts n A state of open, often prolonged fighting
selfish.
Unit 73

The consultant came to the company to make

consultant n a person whom one advises
everything work more efficiently.
The two witnesses said two different stories,
contradiction n assert the contrary of both
in contradiction to the other.
precisely adv exactly defined Thank you for precisely understanding me.
The wise man had many insights to my spiritual
insight n penetrating discernment
problems.
You must suspend the project until we have
suspend v interrupt, decay more
money to fund it.
an excursion made by a company of The explorers went on an expedition to the new
expedition n
persons for a specific purpose world.
The rock was in total immersion at the bottom
immersion adj act of immersing
of the lake.
The singer did a collaboration song with two
collaboration n work with another
other singers.
The supreme courts judicial review is considered
any opinion, principle, or doctrine held to
tenet n a
be true
tenet to modern law.
The rat was in great peril as the hawk swooped
peril n danger, risk
down to catch it.
derived from or guided by experience or
empirical adj Science deals with empirical data.
experiment.
articulated v made clear, distinct The teacher articulated the instructions for the test.
commitment n The act or an instance of committing Marriage is a life long commitment.
islander n a native or inhabitant of an island. Hawaii has many native islanders.
belief in oneself and one's powers or
confidence n I have confidence you will do well on your exam.
abilities
a person engaged in work that requires
laborer n The laborers toiled under the sun.
bodily strength
The informant informed me of the message you
informant n a person who informs or gives information
sent.
We took a survey to see how kids reacted to
survey n taking a comprehensive view of something the new
standard.
a set or system of methods, principles, The scientific method is a methodological way
methodological adj and rules for regulating a given discipline, of
as in the arts or sciences. receiving consistent results of nature.
unflattering v showing or representing unfavourably His harsh words were unflattering.
Unit 74

Contemporary artists stress more on

contemporary adj living or occurring at the same time individualism.
Ancient artists believed more in the community.
You can contrast the two paintings by how
contrast v compare by showing differences
different the artist used different colors.
Dogs are domestic animals, where humans can
domestic adj relating to the household
train it to live inside the house.
In order for your body to be fit, you must go
intensive adj extreme, very acute
through an intensive workout.
Garden growers constantly practice horticulture
horticulture n the science or art of growing plants
in their backyard.
A church pastor watches over their
pastor n one who shepherds congregation
in his or her church.
settlement n the act or result of settling The divorced couple came to a 50/50 settlement.
Since many places do not get water, farmers
supple with water through artificial often
irrigation n
channels use irrigation techniques to get water to those
places
Hunter through channels.
civilizations usually turn out to be
nomad n a wanderer nomads
because they follow where the animals go.
the seasonal migration of livestock, and
Mountain herders practice transhumant to
transhumant n the people that tend them, between
maintain their livestock and their own livelihood.
lowlands and adjacent mountains
bands n A group of people The band of thieves met late at night.
migratory adj periodically migrating Birds are migratory animals.
regular adj usual; normal; customary I’ll have the regular coffee with a little bit of sugar.
Alexander the Great was a conqueror who won
conqueror n a person who conquers or vanquishes most of the upper, middle-eastern region many,
many years ago.
far apart; far distant in space; situated at In the remote places on earth, you’ll find some
remote adj
some distance away very odd looking animals.
adaptation to association with human
domestication n Dogs are easy to be trained for domestication.
beings
a succession or progression of steps or
scale n We must climb the corporate scale to be successful.
degrees
To move or transfer from one place or
shifting v The shifting formation of the line confused many.
position to another.
plowed and left unseeded for a season or The farmer left the piece of land fallow, so that
fallow adj
more he wouldn’t exhaust the ground.
I’m going to specialize in certain areas of
specialize v to pursue some special line of study, work medicine
after I graduate.
Unit 75

absolute adj perfect, complete God’s law is absolute, for who can challenge God?
a coming together so as to form a group, The meal comes with a combination of both
combination n
sum, etc.. chicken and beef.
decay v decompose or deteriorate to dead matter After a person dies, their body slowly decays.
We must establish a strong foundation before
establish v setup on a firm basis
attempting anything else.
I occupied the bathroom when I went to do my
occupy v become established in
business.
Historians often debate over chronology of
the science of determining the dates or
chronology n certain
historical order of past events
events that happened long ago.
assemblage n persons or things assembled The robot was an assemblage from many lego parts.
The sponge waterlogged as it soaked up all the
waterlog adj saturated as to sink in water
water.
spontaneously radiating energy in atoms Uranium is the most well known radioactive
radioactive adj
or particles of atoms element.
a chemical element nearly identical, but Isotopes are usually elements with more or less
isotope n
with differing weights neutrons in them.
The scientist looked at the stratigraphic
stratigraphic adj The study of rock strata findings
and determined it was hardened lava.
relative adj considered in relation to something else You ideas are relatively in agreement with mine.
We need pinpoint accuracy because we can’t
pinpoint v to locate or describe exactly or precisely
afford any errors.
costly adv resulting in great expense The great project was costly to many investors.
The average or maximum length of time
lifespan n an organism, material, or object can be The lifespan of a mayfly is only a couple of days.
expected to survive or last.
a pyramidal fir of southwestern California The bristlecone tree can be found in some
bristlecone n having spiny pointed leaves and cone parts of
scales with long spines California.
With radiocarbon dating, we can get an
radiocarbon n a radioactive isotope of carbon accurate
age of the subject.
Dating specific times in history is important to
dating n to have or bear a date
many historians.
any of two or more forms of a chemical
element, having the same number of
protons in the nucleus, or the same These two elements are the same but this
isotope n atomic number, but having different isotope
numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or has a greater mass than the other.
different atomic
weights.
of or pertaining to the time or a period
prehistoric adj The dinosaurs lived in prehistoric times.
prior to recorded history
Unit 76

The young businessman had the ambition to

ambition n eager desire for distinction
make lots of money.
Diamonds have become a valuable commodity
commodity n an article of commerce
among future marriage couples.
You must construct the table so that we can eat
construct v build, make
on top of it.
Sparta was a fierce warrior nation among the
fierce adj eager to kill or injure
Greek city-states.
Many things discovered in Greece are
antiquity n ancient times antiquities
of the past.
The Chinese dynasty left a remarkable
succession of rulers of the same line or
dynasty n significance
family
to the people of China.
His reputation of his good deeds was affluent
affluent adj flowing freely
among the common people.
The Romans showed remarkable masonry with
masonry n stonework
their columns.
The canvas painting was very picturesque to
picturesque adj colourful, vivid
the dream I had last night.
blossom v develop or mature The flowers blossom during the spring and summer.
BCE n abbr. before the Common Era All pre-Socratic philosophers lived BCE.
impressive in size, appearance, or general
grand adj The grand staircase
effect
biblical adj of or in the Bible Jesus spoke in biblical parables.
a geographical area of fertile land in the
The Fertile Crescent was once fertile, but now
Middle East stretching in a broad
fertile crescent n its
semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and
mostly desert.
Euphrates
an intricate combination of paths or
labyrinth n passages in which it is difficult to find I got lost inside the labyrinth.
one's way or to reach the exit.
a monster that had the head of a bull on The Minotaur chased the scared man down the
minotaur n
the body of a man corridor.
very many; being or existing in great There were numerous complaints made because
numerous adj
quantity of the loud party on the street.
vessels n A hollow utensil used as a container Put the wine in those vessels over there.
The wealthy owner went to a retreat to relax
retreat n a place to withdraw, retire, or draw back from
the heavy
We work.
did some excavation around the area, yet
an area in which excavating has been
excavation n we
done or is in progress
found nothing.
Unit 77

aggravate v intensify for the worst Some people aggravate their skin by tanning.
convince v cause to believe I must convince the jury that my client is innocent.
We hastened to the next town, because we
hastened v move or act quickly were
getting restless in the car.
It is in our highest priority that we see our son
priority n arrange in order of importance
do well in school.
Many people speculate which team will end up
speculate v theorize, conjecture
in the playoffs during regular season.
rubble n rough, broken stones The war turned huge towers into broken rubble.
a chamber or room that serves as a Before going into the meeting room, please
antechamber n
waiting room wait in the antechamber until we call you.
Ancient China was known for their artistic
porcelain n a fine, white, translucent china
porcelain vases.
Something bizarre happened this morning. I
bizarre adj odd, whimsical thought it was the weekend when it was clearly
Tuesday.
The researcher was meticulous in following the
meticulous adj extremely careful
research procedure.
The veteran worker knew all there was to his
experienced through long service or
veteran n job
practice
than the rookie.
a person skilled or engaged in managing The financier dealt with the corporation’s total
financier n
large financial operations revenue.
Call it a hunch, but I think something bad is
hunch n a premonition or suspicion; guess going
to happen.
It is good if we built the foundation on the
bedrock n unbroken solid rock bedrock,
because that’s solid rock down there.
Many great pharaohs and leaders were buried in
sarcophagus n a stone coffin a
magnificent sarcophagus.
to make solid; make into a hard or
solidified v The water solidified in the freezing weather.
compact mass
Many millennia ago, the Chinese discovered
millennia n a period of 1000 years.
gunpowder.
By discovering a new alternative source of
energy,
monumental adj of historical or enduring significance
it was a monumental step to better and safe
technology.
priceless adj having a value beyond all price The memories we have are priceless.
the expression of a wish that misfortune,
curse n The woman spout curses at the ill-gotten man.
evil, doom
Unit 78

In the old way of combat, each soldier stood

next to
abreast adj side by side
each other abreast so that they worked as one
unit.
There were so many people doing so many
chaotic adj the absence of form or order different
things that it was extremely chaotic.
durable adj lasting, longwearing Although titanium bends, it is very durable.
magnificent adj splendid, brilliant The king wore a magnificent crown on his head.
The basketball star sold miniature versions of
miniature n anything small
himself on poster to the crowd.
govern adj rule with authority It takes a wise ruler to govern a vast city.
Imperial Britain stretched from the island itself
imperial adj pertains to an empire, or emperor to
parts of the Pacific and Atlantic.
The terra-cotta army that the Chinese emperor
terra-cotta n a hand earthenware created contains more than several thousand
earthenware troops.
We went through a long corridor to get to the
corridor n a narrow passageway
laboratory.
The artist made many replicas of the original so
replica n an exact copy that he could sell them at the same original
price.
He was an exceptional artist, creating many
exceptional adj unusually excellent; superior works
of beauty.
the straight stalk of any of various tall
reed n We gathered long reeds to create a mat.
grasses
The partition served as a wall separating the
partition n an interior wall or barrier dividing a room two
rooms.
An ancient horse-drawn two-wheeled
chariots n vehicle used in war, races, and The chariots are like tanks of ancient warfare.
processions.
the part of a military force composed of
cavalry n Before cars, the cavalry was the fastest war unit.
troops that serve on horseback.
infantry n soldiers or military units that fight on foot The infantry walked to the battlefront.
ranking adj occupying a specific rank, position The next ranking title above colonel is a general.
It would take a lifetime to understand the
the time that the life of someone or
lifetime n universe
something continues
in all its entirety.
The scientists went to the necropolis to study
necropolis n a large cemetery of an ancient city the
ancient civilizations deceased.
rammed v to strike with great force We rammed the door down to barge in.
Unit 79

The fireworks display was amazing. It literally lit

display v show, exhibit
up the sky.
We used the dredge to make a hole in the
a scooping machine used to dig up river
dredge n channel
channels
so that water could pass through.
encircle v form a circle around, enclose The lions encircled the deer as it was slowly dying.
The bullet grazed my shoulder. If it was any
graze v brush lightly in passing closer,
I would have died.
inter v place in a grave or tomb We still inter our dead in graves.
The slice of the scythe made a swath path for
swath adj a mowed path
people to walk through.
A cleaning crew came and cleaned the detritus
the remains of something that has been
detritus n that the spectators left behind after the soccer
destroyed or broken up
game.
Textile companies necessitate much labor in
textile n pertain to weaving or fabrics order
to mass produce clothing.
This decorated sword showed master
craftsmanship n being skilled in an art craftsmanship
to the one who made it.
Many modern houses have white, picket
palisade n a fence of pointed stakes palisades
that surround their backyard.
The Washington monument was made in
monuments n A structure erected as a memorial. memories
of our first president.
a quadrilateral masonry mass having
smooth, steeply sloping sides meeting at The Egyptian’s architects were known for their
pyramid n
an pyramids and sphinxes.
apex
Something, such as a ring, shaped like
circle n He boy drew a circle around the figure.
such a plane curve.
the period in the history of humankind The Iron Age brought more effective weapons
iron age n marked by the use of implements and out
weapons made of iron. from bronze.
imprint n a mark made by pressure We found a finger imprint on the soda can.
We built long stretched walls and rampart to
rampart n anything serving as a bulwark or defense. defend
the fort.
a small or humble dwelling of simple
hut n We slept in primitive huts at the local village.
construction
To give the main features or various
outline n We had a vague outline of the schedule for tonight.
aspects of
to come upon or discover suddenly and
surprise n She was surprised by his jumpy reaction.
unexpectedly
Many old texts are carbonized to preserve them
carbonized v to char until it forms carbon. for
long periods of time.
Unit 80
The world’s population cumulatively increases
cumulative adj increasing by accumulation as
it nearly doubles every five years.
debris n fragment from a former whole There was a lot of debris from the plane crash.
You shouldn’t expose your body out in the sun
expose v lay open to view too
long.
Many old paintings need to go through a long
restoration process, so that museums can
restoration n the act of restoring
preserve
it longer.
vast adj very great in extent The Pacific Ocean is vast and huge.
The dodo went extinct when hunters killed
extinct adj out of existence every
last one of them for food.
preservation n act of preserving It is illegal to hunt in an animal preservation.
The diary of Anne Frank tells its readers about
diary n a daily record her
life during the Nazi regime of World War II.
a metric measure of land; 10,000 square Measuring things in hectares is an old way of
hectare n
meters, or about 2 acres surveying land.
His happy smile was a façade to the painful
façade n the superficial aspect of something sadness
he had inside.
text n the original words of an author or speaker We read texts from Aristotle in class today.
attention to or treatment of a subject in
detail n We looked down to the smallest detail.
individual or minute parts
stripped v to take away or remove We stripped him of his title.
declaration of objection, disapproval, or
protest n They protested against animal cruelty.
dissent
a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand
plaster n and water; hardens into a smooth solid; They plastered the wall.
used to cover something
We put a cast on his broken arm to not only
support,
casts n Something that is thrown off, out, or away.
but so that he could take it off later when it
heals.
a philosophical movement of the 18th
century, characterized by belief in the
power of human reason and by The Enlightenment era brought new scientific
enlightenment n
innovations discoveries and inventions.
in political, religious, and educational
doctrine.
a layer of material, naturally or artificially
The archaeologists broke through the strata to
strata n formed, often one of a number of parallel
see what the bottom held.
layers one upon another
unique adj not typical; unusual He had a very unique way of dealing with people.
a sudden, violent disturbance of the The catastrophic volcano eruption brought
catastrophic adj surface many
of the earth fatalities to the nearby city.