Q HDL cholesterol is good for health why?

There are five major types of lipoproteins; chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein
(VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-
density lipoprotein (HDL)

LDL cholesterol is often termed “the bad cholesterol” because high levels are associated with
increased risk of heart disease.

On the other hand, HDL cholesterol is usually nicknamed “the good cholesterol” because high
blood levels are associated with less risk of heart disease and low levels are associated with
increased risk.

High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease, but high
levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with low risk. HDL particles seem to be involved in
clearing and removing cholesterol from arteries and atherosclerotic plaques while LDL
particles appear directly involved in the atherosclerotic process.

HDL’s may promote normal function of the endothelium, the innermost layer of the arteries.
Furthermore, HDL’s may reduce inflammation, protect against oxidation of LDL, and
positively affect blood clotting (thrombosis).

Q. Why insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia?

Glucose from the digested food circulates in the blood as a ready energy source for any cells
that need it. Insulin is a hormone or chemical produced by cells in the pancreas. Insulin bonds
to a receptor site on the outside of cell and acts like a key to open a doorway into the cell
through which glucose can enter the cell. Some of the glucose can be converted to concentrated
energy sources like glycogen or fatty acids and saved for later use. When there is not enough
insulin produced or when the doorway no longer recognizes the insulin key, glucose stays in
the blood rather entering the cells.
The body will attempt to dilute the high level of glucose in the blood, a condition called
hyperglycemia, by drawing water out of the cells and into the bloodstream in an effort to
dilute the sugar and excrete it in the urine. This creates high levels of glucose in the urine.
At the same time that the body is trying to get rid of glucose from the blood, the cells are
starving for glucose and sending signals to the body to eat more food, thus making patients
extremely hungry. To provide energy for the starving cells, the body also tries to convert fats
and proteins to glucose. The breakdown of fats and proteins for energy causes acid c ompounds
called ketones to form in the blood. Ketones also will be excreted in the urine. As ketones build
up in the blood, a condition called ketoacidosis can occur. This condition can be life threatening
if left untreated, leading to coma and death.

Q. Over consumption of calories leads to obesity why?

A lack of energy balance most often causes overweight and obesity. Energy balance means that
your energy taken in equals your energy used out.
Energy taken in is the amount of energy or calories you get from food and drinks. Energy used
is the amount of energy your body uses for things like breathing, digesting, and being
physically active.
To maintain a healthy weight, your energy IN and OUT don't have to balance exactly every
day. It's the balance over time that helps you maintain a healthy weight.
If more energy is taken in than energy used out over time it leads to weight gain
More energy used out than energy taken in over time leads to weight loss
Overweight and obesity happen over time when you take in more calories than you use. People
who are inactive are more likely to gain weight because they don't burn the calories that they
take in from food and drinks. An inactive lifestyle also raises your risk for coronary heart
disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. Some hormone
problems may cause overweight and obesity, such as underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism),
Cushing's syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Q. Calcium is necessary for growth and development explain.

Calcium plays a vital role within the body and has numerous essential functions like:
1. They help in formation of bones
2. Formation teeth
3. They play role in blood clotting
4. Prevent the occurrence of various diseases
5. They play protective role in colorectal cancer.
6. Higher intakes of calcium to be linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
7. Calcium plays important role of in weight management. Higher calcium intakes is
associated with reduced bodyweight and body fat.

Q Why steaming is a better method of cooking for preservation of nutrients?

Steaming is one of the best cooking methods for maximizing taste and colour, while retaining
the most nutrients in vegetables and fish. Especially when the vegetables themselves have so
much flavour, simply steaming them and finishing with fresh herbs, lemon juice, and extra
virgin olive oil can produce a very satisfying and delicious dish. You can also Healthy Steam
several vegetables or vegetables and fish in one pot for easier clean up.