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Maternal and Child Health Nursing
Labor
By
Marianne Belleza, RN
-
May 26, 2016
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The big day has finally arrived! Everyone must be in a state of panic and happiness, but the
pregnant woman, who is the center of everything, must stay focused so the entire labor process
would go by smoothly and safely.
Contents [hide]
1 Assessment
2 Diagnosis
o 2.1 First stage of labor
o 2.2 Second stage of labor
o 2.3 Third stage of labor
3 Planning
4 Implementation
5 Evaluation
6 Induction and Augmentation of Labor
o 6.1 Cervical Ripening
o 6.2 Induction of Labor by Oxytocin
o 6.3 Augmentation by Oxytocin
Assessment
The key to a successful individualized care plan is the precise assessment and accurate obtaining
of data. The woman would be placed under observation during labor to monitor her progress and
ensure a safe delivery for her and the child.
Assess for the signs of true labor. The signs of true labor are contractions that begin
irregularly but progresses regularly and predictably, the pain is felt first at the lower back
and circles towards the abdomen, continues to progress no matter what the woman’s
activity level is, increases in duration, frequency, and intensity and cervical dilation is
already present.
Assess for the appearance of show, which is blood mixed with mucus and would be
present once the operculum or mucus plug is expelled.
Assess for the rupture of membranes. This is the scanty or sudden gush of clear fluid
from the vagina.
Assess for the engagement of the fetal head. Engagement refers to the settling of the
presenting part into the pelvis at the level of the ischial spines.
Assess for the station. Station is the relationship of the presenting part to the level of the
ischial spines.
Assess for the effacement and dilatation of the cervix. Effacement is the shortening
and thinning of the cervical canal. In cervical dilatation, the enlargement or widening of
the cervical canal is assessed.
Diagnosis
During labor, a pregnant woman might encounter difficulties that could affect her progress.
These conditions should be prevented to ensure a smooth labor period and eventually, a safe
delivery.
The latent phase starts during the onset of true labor contractions until cervical
dilatation.
The active phase occurs when cervical dilatation is at 4 to 7 cm and contractions last
from 40 to 60 seconds with 3 to 5 minutes interval.
The transition phase occurs when contractions reach their peak with intervals of 2 to 3
minutes and dilatation of 8 to 10 cm.
The third stage begins with the birth of the infant until the delivery of the placenta.
The signs of placental expulsion are lengthening of the umbilical cord, sudden gush of
vaginal blood, changes in the shape of the uterus and its firm contraction, and the
appearance of the placenta at the vaginal opening.
Planning
With all the data gathered during assessment and through an accurate diagnosis, a care plan for
the woman in labor would be made to aid her through her progress.
During the second stage of labor, the place of delivery of the woman must be prepared.
The position of birth wherein the woman is most comfortable must also be determined at
this stage.
Another important part is the promotion of second stage effective pushing.
Perineal cleaning is also an integral part of the second stage.
Placental delivery should be given focus at this stage. Once the placenta is delivered,
oxytocin should be administered intramuscularly to promote uterine contractions.
If there is episiotomy performed, perineal repair should be integrated into the care plan.
Implementation
Some interventions are implemented to give comfort and safety for the mother during and after
the labor period. These are essential in promoting the strength that the mother would need during
delivery.
Encourage the client to void every 2 hours.
Observe and review the client’s breathing techniques.
Inform the client if c interventions are necessary.
Create a birth plan with the client so she could integrate her preferences in the care plan.
Provide ice chips, hard candies, or fluids to relieve dry mouth.
Provide a comfortable environment to aid in the effective coping management of the
client.
Allow the client to walk and move around freely during labor.
Do not intervene with the client during a contraction to avoid disturbing her focus on her
technique.
Evaluation
After the labor has passed, delivery would commence immediately. And when the labor period
for the woman has gone smoothly, a great chance for a safe and healthy delivery is within reach.
Client should exhibit no signs of bladder distention and have the ability to void every 2
hours.
Client has a good to tolerable level of pain.
Client can express her preferences during labor.
Client has the ability to understand the usual process of labor.
Client reports that her environment is comfortable and secure.
Client would be able to verbalize her feelings about her experiences during her labor
period.
Cervical Ripening
Augmentation by Oxytocin
If labor contractions begin spontaneously but become weak, irregular, and ineffective,
augmentation of labor is required.
Precautions for oxytocin administration are the same as for primary induction of labor.
The uterus may respond effectively to oxytocin used as augmentation.
The drug should be increased in small increments only and fetal heart sounds should be
monitored during the procedure.
The labor process is the gateway towards a safe delivery. Once the woman has undergone labor,
it is imminent that delivery would follow suit. It is important for the woman to have a smooth
labor process for this is where she would be gathering her strength to deliver her precious bundle
of joy.
TAGS
cervix
crowning
dilatation
effacement
engagement
labor
show
station
Vagina
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